LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

Epilepsy
Volume 19 Number 3 June 2013

CONTRIBUTORS
Gregory D. Cascino, MD, FAAN, Guest Editor
Whitney MacMillan Jr Professor of Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Chair, Division of Epilepsy, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
*Dr Cascino serves as an associate editor for Neurology.
†Dr Cascino reports no disclosure.

Erik K. St. Louis, MD, FAAN, Guest Editor

Head, Section of Sleep Neurology; Consultant, Departments of Neurology and
Medicine; Associate Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota
*Dr St. Louis serves as a member of the Adverse Events Adjudication Committee of Inspire,
Inc; and receives research support from the Mayo Clinic Foundation Center for Translational
Science Activities and the NIH.
†Dr St. Louis reports no disclosure.

Selim R. Benbadis, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Director,
Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
*Dr Benbadis is a member of the speakers bureau and serves as a consultant for Cyberonics,
Inc, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and UCB; serves as an editor
for Medscape-WebMD, LLC; and receives research support from Lundbeck, Sunovion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and UCB.
†Dr Benbadis reports no disclosure.

Anne T. Berg, PhD

Research Professor, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
*Dr Berg has served as a speaker for BIAL; serves on an Advisory Panel for Eisai Co, Ltd;
serves on the editorial boards of Neurology and Epilepsy & Behavior; and receives grants
from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Pediatric Epilepsy
Research Foundation.
†Dr Berg reports no disclosure.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

CONTRIBUTORS continued
Jeffrey Buchhalter, MD, PhD, FAAN
Professor of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary;
Director, Comprehensive Children’s Epilepsy Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
*Dr Buchhalter has served as a speaker for Eisai Co, Ltd, and Lundbeck.
†Dr Buchhalter reports no disclosure.

Fernando Cendes, MD, PhD

Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, University of Campinas,
Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
*Dr Cendes is a member of the editorial boards of Neurology, Epilepsy Research, Epilepsia,
Epilepsy & Behavior, Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria, and Frontiers in Neurology; receives
research support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) Brazil; and is chair of the Diagnostic Methods
Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy.
†Dr Cendes reports no disclosure.

Mackenzie C. Cervenka, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland
*Dr Cervenka receives a grant from Nutricia.
†Dr Cervenka reports no disclosure.

Christopher M. DeGiorgio, MD, FAAN

Professor of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles,
California; Vice President, Neurology, NeuroSigma Inc, Los Angeles, California
*Dr DeGiorgio has stock options in and is an officer of NeuroSigma, Inc; is an inventor on
patents licensed by the University of California, Los Angeles, to NeuroSigma, Inc; and receives
grants from the NIH for trigeminal nerve stimulation.
†Dr DeGiorgio discusses the unlabeled use of deep brain stimulation and responsive
neurostimulation, and the investigational use of trigeminal nerve stimulation, for the
treatment of epilepsy.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

www.ContinuumJournal.com June 2013

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

CONTRIBUTORS continued
Jacqueline A. French, MD, FAAN
Professor of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York,
New York
*Dr French has received research support from Cyberonics, Eisai Co, Ltd, Entra
Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc, Lundbeck, Marinus
Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Neusentis, NeuroTherapeutics Pharma Inc, NeuroVista Corporation,
Ono Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Pfizer Inc, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, SK Life Science Inc,
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, UCB, Upsher-Smith
Laboratories, Inc, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc, and Vertex.
†Dr French discusses the unlabeled use of zonisamide and levetiracetam as initial
monotherapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Nicolas Gaspard, MD, PhD

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of
Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
*Dr Gaspard has received research support from the Belgian American Educational
Foundation, Inc; the Belgian Neurological Society; the Epilepsy Foundation; and the
Fulbright Commission for Education Exchange Between the United States, Belgium
and Luxembourg.
†Dr Gaspard discusses the unlabeled use of electroconvulsive therapy, etomidate,
felbamate, gabapentin, hypothermia, intravenous immunoglobulins, ketamine, ketogenic
diet, lacosamide, levetiracetam, lidocaine, plasma exchange, pregabalin, steroids,
topiramate, valproate, and vigabatrin for the treatment of status epilepticus.

Deana M. Gazzola, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology; Medical Director, Adult Inpatient
Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, New York University Langone Medical Center,
New York, New York
*†Dr Gazzola reports no disclosures.

Tracy A. Glauser, MD
Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center; Professor of Pediatrics and
Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
*Dr Glauser serves as a consultant or speaker for Eisai Co, Ltd, GeneDx, Lundbeck, Questcor
Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, UCB,
and Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc. Dr Glauser receives royalty payments for a patent
license from AssureRx Health, Inc, has received personal compensation for medical record
reviews, and receives multiple grants from the NIH.
†Dr Glauser discusses the unlabeled use of epilepsy medications and epilepsy treatment
options, all of which are limited to certain age ranges including infants and/or children.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

CONTRIBUTORS continued
Shahin Hakimian, MA, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Washington Regional Epilepsy
Center at Harborview, Seattle, Washington
*Dr Hakimian has served as a consultant for OptumRx, Inc, and receives grants from the NIH.
†Dr Hakimian reports no disclosure.

Lawrence J. Hirsch, MD, FAAN

Professor of Neurology; Chief, Division of Epilepsy/EEG; Medical Director,
Comprehensive Epilepsy Center; Codirector of Critical Care EEG, Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
*Dr Hirsch serves as a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, and Upsher-Smith
Laboratories, Inc, and receives research support from Lundbeck, UCB, and Upsher-Smith
Laboratories, Inc.
†Dr Hirsch discusses the unlabeled use of electroconvulsive therapy, etomidate, felbamate,
gabapentin, hypothermia, intravenous immunoglobulins, ketamine, ketogenic diet,
lacosamide, levetiracetam, lidocaine, plasma exchange, pregabalin, steroids, topiramate,
valproate, and vigabatrin for the treatment of status epilepticus.

Eric H. Kossoff, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics; Medical Director, Ketogenic
Diet Center; Director, Pediatric Neurology Residency Program, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland
*Dr Kossoff has served as a consultant for Atkins Nutritionals, Eisai Co, Ltd, and Nutricia, and
receives research support from Nutricia.
†Dr Kossoff reports no disclosure.

Scott E. Krahl, PhD

Deputy Associate Chief of Staff, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,
Los Angeles, California; Professor of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of
Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
*Dr Krahl has two pending patents owned by the University of California, Los Angeles, and
the US Department of Veterans Affairs, licensed to NeuroSigma, Inc. Dr Krahl receives
research support from Medtronic, Inc, and travel and research support from Brentwood
Biomedical Research Institute, a nonprofit corporation affiliated with the US Department of
Veterans Affairs.
†Dr Krahl discusses the unlabeled use of deep brain stimulation and responsive
neurostimulation, and the investigational use of trigeminal nerve stimulation, for the
treatment of epilepsy.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

www.ContinuumJournal.com June 2013

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

CONTRIBUTORS continued
Tobias Loddenkemper, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical
Neurophysiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
*Dr Loddenkemper serves on the American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Council of
the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, and the Laboratory Accreditation Board for
Long Term (Epilepsy and ICU) Monitoring (ABRET). Dr Loddenkemper serves as associate
editor for Seizure—European Journal of Epilepsy and received investigator-initiated
research support from Eisai and Lundbeck. Dr Loddenkemper receives research and funding
support from the American Epilepsy Society, the Center for Integration of Medicine and
Innovative Technology/Department of Defense, Children’s Hospital Boston, CURE: Citizens
United for Research in Epilepsy, Epilepsy Foundation of America, Epilepsy Therapy Project,
Harvard Medical School, the NIH, and Translational Research Project.
†Dr Loddenkemper discusses the unlabeled use of epilepsy medications and epilepsy treatment
options, all of which are limited to certain age ranges including infants and/or children.

Rama K. Maganti, MD
Professor of Neurology; Director, Epilepsy Program; Director, Clinical
Neurophysiology Fellowship, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and
Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
*Dr Maganti serves on the speakers bureaus of GlaxoSmithKline and UCB and served as a
consultant for Lundbeck.
†Dr Maganti reports no disclosure.

Kimford J. Meador, MD, FAAN

Professor of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
*Dr Meador has served as a consultant for the Epilepsy Study Consortium, GlaxoSmithKline,
Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc, Medtronic, Inc, NeuroPace, Inc, UCB, Upsher-Smith
Laboratories, Inc, and Vivus, Inc; and has received travel support for a lecture from
Sanofi-Aventis. Dr Meador serves on the editorial boards of Epilepsy & Behavior and
Neurology and receives research grants from Cyberonics, Inc, Eisai Co, Ltd, Epilepsy
Foundation of America, GlaxoSmithKline, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Myriad Genetics, the
NIH, NeuroPace, Inc, Pfizer Inc, SAM Technology, and UCB.
†Dr Meador reports no disclosure.

John W. Miller, MD, PhD

Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Director, University of Washington
Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview, Seattle, Washington
*Dr Miller receives research support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the
NIH, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and UCB.
†Dr Miller reports no disclosure.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

CONTRIBUTORS continued
John J. Millichap, MD
Instructor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Pediatric Epileptologist, Ann &
Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
*Dr Millichap serves as a section editor for Neurology and receives funding from CURE:
Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy and the Thrasher Research Fund.
†Dr Millichap reports no disclosure.

Donald M. Olson, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Palo Alto, California
*Dr Olson has served as an expert witness consultant for litigation involving pediatric
neurology issues.
†Dr Olson reports no disclosure.

Page B. Pennell, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Director of Research,
Division of Epilepsy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
*Dr Pennell reports no disclosure.
†Dr Pennell discusses the unlabeled use of progesterone lozenges for the treatment of
catamenial epilepsy.

Leslie A. Rudzinski, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Director of EEG, Grady Memorial Hospital,
Atlanta, Georgia
*Dr Rudzinski receives a research grant from Baxter.
†Dr Rudzinski reports no disclosure.

Paul Rutecki, MD
Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin; Chief of Neurology, Williams Memorial VA Hospital,
Madison, Wisconsin
*Dr Rutecki holds stock valued at more than $10,000 in Cyberonics, Inc; receives research
support for a clinical trial from NeuroPace, Inc; and receives a grant support from the
Epilepsy Foundation of America.
†Dr Rutecki reports no disclosure.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

www.ContinuumJournal.com June 2013

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ®

CONTRIBUTORS continued
L. James Willmore, MD, FAAN, FANA
Professor of Neurology and Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis
University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
*Dr Willmore holds stock greater than 5% of the company or greater than $10,000 in value in
Pfizer Inc.
†Dr Willmore reports no disclosure.

Courtney J. Wusthoff, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine,
Palo Alto, California
*Dr Wusthoff has served as a litigation consultant for cases in the United Kingdom.
†Dr Wusthoff reports no disclosure.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION WRITERS

Ronnie Bergen, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
Staff Neurologist, Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona
*†Dr Bergen reports no disclosures.

Adam Kelly, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center;
Chief of Neurology, Highland Hospital, Rochester, New York
*†Dr Kelly reports no disclosures.

*Relationship Disclosure
†Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com

Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.