EXPERIMENT 1: VERIFICATION OF FARADAY’S LAW AND LENZ’S LAW

AIM: (i) To verify the effect of magnetic flux lines on a conductor.

(ii) To discover the application of faraday’s electromagnetic induction of induced emf and
effect of lenz’s law.

APPARATUS: Two bar magnet, insulated copper wire, ccardboard tube, galvanometer or
multimeter.

CIRCUIT:
Coi
Bar
N S
Cardboard
tube

PROCEDURE:

(i) Wind about 20-30turns of insulated copper wire into a cardboard tube as shown
above.
(ii) Bring one pole of the magnet up to and inside the coil and note any deflection on
the meter.
(iii) Bring the other pole of the magnet up to the coil. Is there any difference in
deflection?
(iv) What happen to the deflection when the magnet is drawn out of the coil?
(v) Keep the magnet still and move the coil. Is there any difference in the deflection?
(vi) State faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
(vii) State Lenz’s law.
(viii) State three precautions taken during your experiment.

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 EXPERIMENT 2: DETERMINATION OF B-H CURVE OF MAGNET MATERIAL

AIM: To learn how to determine the hysteresis curve of a magnet material.

APPARATUS: Magnet material insulated copper wire, ammeter and power supply unit.

CIRCUIT:
Magnetic material

I R
A

12V dv

PROCEDURE:

(i) Wind about 20-30turns of insulated copper wire onto the magnet material.
(ii) Assemble the circuit as shown above.
(iii) Apply voltage and record the value of current I with different value of resistor R.
(iv) With a suitable scale, plot the graph of B against H which is the hysteresis curve of
that magnet material.
(v) State three precautions taken during your experiment.

S/N Resistor R Current I (mA) Magnetizing force H Flux density B

1 4.7KΩ
2 2.2KΩ
3 1.0KΩ
4 0.1KΩ
5 10Ω
6 2Ω
7 1Ω

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Note: H = µoH, B = l , µo = permeability of free space = 4πX 10-7 H/m, l = mean length of the

iron bar, N = number of turns.

EXPERIMENT 3: AC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT USING OSCILLOSCOPE

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AIM: To learn how to use oscilloscope to measure AC voltage.

APPARATUS: Oscilloscope, Signal generator and Multimeter.

CIRCUIT:

Function
Generator
CRO

1KΩ

PROCEDURE:

(i) Connect the circuit as shown above.

(ii) Set the function generator to sine wave, frequency 10KHz and output amplitude to
maximum, i.e. 10V peak-to-peak.
(iii) Measure the frequency of the voltage across the 1KΩ resistor using the calibrated
time base on the CRO.
(iv) Remove the CRO and measure the voltage across the 1KΩ resistor using a
multimeter, and record your values.
(v) Now, set the function generator to square wave and repeat the measurements using
both CRO and multimeter.
(vi) Compare the result obtained with the two instruments.
(vii) State three precautions taken during your experiment.

EXPERIMENT 4: DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT USING OSCILLOSCOPE

AIM: To learn how to use oscilloscope to measure DC voltage.

APPARATUS: Oscilloscope, Variable dc regulated voltage supply and Multimeter

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CIRCUIT:

A B
5.1KΩ

0-15V dc V 10KΩ

15KΩ
D C

PROCEDURE:

(i) Assemble the circuit as shown above.

(ii) Turn ON the power supply and adjust the voltage across AD (V AD) to 15V dc.
(iii) Turn ON the oscilloscope. Adjust the control to produce a horizontal trace centered
vertically on the screen. The trace will be the reference voltage.
(iv) Connect the oscilloscope across AD. Measure the number of divisions the trace
moves from the reference line. Record this value and the volts/div setting.
(v) Repeat step (iv) for point BD (VBD) and CD (VCD) and record the values.
(vi) Measure voltages VAD, VBD, and VCD with a multimeter and record the values.
(vii) Using the volts/div settings and height measurement for V AD, VBD and VCD, convert the
values to voltages and record your values.
(viii) Compare the results obtained with the two instruments.
(ix) State three precautions taken during your experiment.

EXPERIMENT 5: DETERMINATION OF INDUCTANCE OF A COIL IN AN AC CIRCUIT USING BRIDGE

AIM: To learn how to determine the inductance of a coil.

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APPARATUS: AC power supply unit, experimental trainer, ammeter, function generator and
voltmeter.

CIRCUIT:

I
IR IL Ic

VT 10Ω 47μf
AC Source

PPROCEDURE:

(i) Connect the circuit as shown above.

(ii) Determine the frequency of the input AC signal using function generator.
(iii) Use voltmeter to determine the voltage across the resistor, inductor and capacitor.
(iv) From the formula XL = 2πFL, deduce the inductance of the coil.
(v) Compare the voltages across each component with the applied voltage and
comment on the result.
(vi) State three precautions taken during your experiment.

EXPERIMENT 6: DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY OF AC SIGNAL USING BRIDGE CIRCUIT

AIM: To learn how to determine the frequency of a signal.

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APPARATUS: Voltmeter, ammeter, oscilloscope, AC voltage supply unit and experimental
trainer.

CIRCUIT:

I
IR IL Ic

10V 10Ω 47μf

5mH
AC Source

PRECEDURE:

(i) Connect the circuit as shown above.

(ii) Determine the currents IL and IC using ammeter.
(iii) Determine the voltages VL and VC using voltmeter.
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(iv) Using the formula VC = XCIC and XC = determine frequency F.
2 πfC
(v) Using the formula VL = XLIL and XL = 2πfL, determine frequency F.
(vi) Use oscilloscope to determine frequency F.
(vii) Compare the three results and comment on the result.
(viii) State three precautions taken during your experiment.