Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannersont... ¥ Poultry health is a critical aspect of maintaining successful poultry production. Y Infectious diseases pose a constant risk to both the welfare of birds and the overall economy. Y Important key points related to poultry diseases and their host range spectrum: ¥ Diverse Pathogens: Poultry hosts a variety of viruses, some of which infect chickens, turkeys, waterfowl, and even wild birds. Among these, avian influenza viruses standout due to their broad host range and varying disease pathogenesis, depends on host-virus interactions. ont... Diagnosing Infectious Diseases: Holistic Approach: Diagnosing infectious diseases in poultry requires a comprehensive approach. — While new technologies have emerged for identifyin and characterizing infectious agents, classical methods remain crucial. ~~ These include isolating pathogens and further characterizing them through functional assays and studies, — Challenges: The increasing demand for infrastructur skills, and expertise poses a common challenge. Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerPoultry Disease Diagnosis and Control Usual Clinical Samples Blood > serology * Clinical signs grouping s — Respiratory Swabs > bacterial isolation = Digestive CG , 7 ~ Musculoskeletal Bicioionteal Swabs > Moleculartesting = Others + Samples to collect > * Organs > virus isolation = + General control ed ¥ Organs > histopathology Scanned with CamScannerRespiratory Diseases General signs: + Mortality + Anorexia/Fever/lethargy * Coughing/Sneezing, + Rales/Weezing * Nasal/Occular discharges * Swollen head/swollen sinuses * inflamed eyelids Respiratory Diseases is iy za + Inflammation of: = head tissues cavity ‘conjunctivitis, Tracheitis Pneumonia Air sacculitis, Polyserositis Scanned with CamScannerBacterial Pneumonia Respiratory Diseas Rule out lists hus boneils Infectious laryngotrachetis Avian ee Colbeloss (ei ( FowLChofera (Pasteurella multocida) Infectious coryza (Avibacterium paragallinar a y.coryad (Bordetella aviurs\ oe Ornithobacterium rhinotracheales Scanned with CamScannerSamples: Respiratory Sampling Blood > Serology Eye lids, Trachea, lungs and kidney > Histopath Eye lids, Trachea, lungs and kidney > Virus isolation Trachea/choana/airsacs swabing > Bacterial isolation Treatment for Respiratory Diseas Viral infection: + Vaccination (prevention) ‘+ Supportive Treatment + Disinfection and biosecurty + Antibiotic treatment (f bacterial component present) “Antibiotic could be used in drinking water = chlotetroeyne Tos for Mycoplasma et ees ys Scanned with CamScannerDigestive Diseases Digestive Diseases General signs: Gross lesions: * Mortality 9 * Intestinal mucosa * Anorexia/Fever/lethargy * Intestinal content + Dehydration + Parasite * Diarrhea/Loose droppings + Pathognomonic (watery/bloody) lesions + Pasty vent/wet litter Scanned with CamScannerDigestive Diseases PRISE OUD Le ween eee ee + Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus * Turkey Corona Virus [+ Clostridium species + Salmonella species + Coccidia species + Histomonas meliagridis (Black head) + Trichomonus gallipae > Intestinal helminthes (Tapeworms and Round worms) Digestive Diseases Sampling Samples: * Intestine/liver/other > histo, )\ows * Intestinal/liver/spleen swabs > bacterial isolation + Intestinal scrapings + Impression smears Scanned with CamScannerDigestive Diseases Control ¢ Antibiotics — Bacitracin — Lincomycin — Tetracyclines. * Anticoccidials — Amprolium * Deworming — Peprazine (FDA approved) — Fenbendazol (FDA approved) — Others, Levamesol (Off-label use) Scanned with CamScannerNEW APPROVAL IN LAYING HENS: Safe-Guard® AquaSol is now approved for use in laying hens and replacement chickens intended to become laying hens for the treatment and control of adult A. gall’ and H. gallinarum. Dosage: 1 mg fenbendazole/kg body weight/day for 5 consecutive days, same as in broiler, replacement and breeding chickens as in the approved label on the bottle. ‘Withdrawal period: No withdrawal period is required for eggs from hens when used according to the labeling, same as meat and other edible organs. rake repiacemeni and breeding chickens. Please read le label on fe bots for details before using. Consult your veterinarian for assistance in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasitism. Scanned with CamScannerCoccidosis Most common protozoan parasite Mortality/economic losses Bloody Diarrhea > E. tenella Diarrhea (not always bloody) Predispose for Clostridium enteritis Amprolium for prevention and control Emenee 2 Not All Internal Parasites are Intestinal * Histomonus meliagridis (Black head) — Liver lesions —Cecal cores + Syngamus trachea (Tracheal worms or Gapeworms) Scanned with CamScannerExternal Parasites * Lice + Mites = Red mites = Northern fowl mites Redhites = Scaly leg mite Powdering, dusting or spraying of insecticides Perr — Minimum of Two treatments = 7 days interval Musculoskeletal Diseases General Signs: * Mortality * Paralysis + Lameness + Down birds Scanned with CamScannerMusculoskeletal Diseases Gross Lesions: bn Nerve inflammation Joint inflammation * Foot pad infection (bumblefoot) + Weak/soft bones (tickets or osteoporosis) + Bone deformities Scanned with CamScannerMusculoskeletal Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Rule out list: = aa Samples: ages asase rerve nee \47 | + Swab lesions > bacterial isolation Staphylococcus qureus * Nerve/muscle/affected tissue > histopatholog Sake i * Feed samples > feed analysis + Pasteurella maltocida > +_Mycoplasma synovieo + Calcium/Phosphorus deficiency onophore toxicity, Genetic deformities Scanned with CamScannerMusculoskeletal Diseases Neurological Diseases Treatment will depend on etiology General signs: + Penicillin (Staph) > + Paralysis * Tylosin (Mycoplasma) * Ataxia . Tetracycline’ (Ecol/pasteure! lla) * Torticollis + Feed withdrawal (toxicity) * Calcium/phosphorus/vitamit supplement») (Fickéts or osteopor rosis) ay + Tremors Scanned with CamScannerNeurological Diseases Rule out List: > Marek’s Disease n-Encept Scanned with CamScannerNeurological Diseases Sampling Vitamin E difficiency Samples: eerntouucn * Nerves/brain > histopathology General signs: 1B | + 3forms of the disease * Lesions other organs > histopathology St — Exudative diathesis + Organs > virus isolation - Muscular dystrophy + Blood > serology + Feed > feed analysis Scanned with CamScannerEgg Production problems Birds are not laying? + Review leting 3 Review feeding Other Conditions Common in + Water consumption Backyard Flocks Scanned with CamScannerPox virus Tumor Viruses (3 viruses) 1- Marek’s Disease 2-Leukosis/Sarcoma | 3- Reticuloendotheliosis * Dry form and wet form * Collect samples for histopathology Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner