By the end of this unit, you will sas ‘+ know about the author and the background information yt thoroughly understand the poem « be able (eo) behind the poem to dent iguative language inthe poem + beable to summarize the poe «be abletoput the poem into modern eau English * be able to analyze the characters, symbols, meter, and themes of the poem * know and be able to describe the structure of a Shakespearean sonnet « be able to use the poem to support your opinions and write a literature essay Clearn About ... William Shakespeare ny liam Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet. He is most famous for his lays, but his sonnets are equally important. These short poems are usually love poems addressed to a particular person. Shakespeare wrote at least 154 sonnets. He wrote them when he was already very famous for his plays. Experts place the sonnets into three groups, each addressed to a different person, There are many guesses as to the identity of the three different subjects of the sonnets, Some people think that they know exactly who. Shakespeare was writing to, Others, however, don't think that he was writing to any real people at all. The debate will probably not end any time soon, but it doesa’t really matter. People can enjoy these poems regardless of who they were written for. Discuss these questions with a partner. | Why is fove a popular subject in poetry? 2 Doyouthink that writing apoemisagood ‘way to tell a person that you love him or her? | Why or why not? pa Lok at the key wards fom Sonne 12, tha partner, discuss the meaning ofthe words. Based on the words, “N, predict the main ideas inthe poem, a .C Background information 4 Read the text and answer the questions. ‘1 When was the sonnet published? 2. What type of poem isit? 3 What isthe poem about? 4 When and where does it take place? Sonnet 18, or Shall I Compare Thee toa Summer's Day? as it is sometimes callec ‘one of Shakespeare's most. famous sonnets. It was first published in 1609 and, like many sonnets, is a love poem. The speaker begins by Sk. considering the idea of compating his beloved to a summer However, he soon thinks of many different reasons why this comparison is not ideal. Instead, he realizes that his beloved wil liveforever inthe lines ofthe poem. The time and place of the poem are not identified and are jortant to the meaning of the poem.g «+ listen to and read Sonnet 18. First, read for general understanding. ‘Then, reread the poem. As you read the second time, ask yourself: what imagery does Shakespeare use in the sonnet, and why? Sonnet 18 Shall 1 compare thee to a summer's day? Thow art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darting buds of Slay, And summer's leave hath all too short. a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dinyn'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By ehanee or nature's changing course untrimm'ds But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possesslon of that fale thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When tn eternal lines te time theu grow’ 0 long as men ean breatlye or eyes ean see, So long lives this and this yives life to thee. &CRespond 3 Respond to the poem by answering these questions with a partner. 1 Was your prediction about the main ideas of the poem correct? Explain. 2 How did the author communicate the main ideas? Pick one (or more) and explain. a with images b with dialogue © by presenting them directly 3 Which of the words in the phrase bank do you think best describe how the speaker feels in the poem? Explain, -Understand Read the questions and choose the correct answers. 1. What does the speaker say about 3. What willallow the beloved to tive a summer day? forever? a Itisnot as lovely as his beloved. 2 the summer day b tis normally very hot. b the poem © Itiscalmand temperate. © the beloved's beauty 4 tis usually windy. 4. the speaker's feelings 2 Beautiful things become fess beautiful What does “this” refer to in the last because of chance and. line of the poem? a death a the beloved's beauty b nature b thesummer fate © nature time d_ the poem itself “Figurative Language 5 Work with a partner. Find two examples of personification and one example of a pun in theSea Summarize Character(s) 5. First fil in the graphic organizer based on the poem you read, Main Fdea(s) 7) Now, use your graphic organizer to summarize the poem with a partner. ten 3 «+ Usten to a tutorial about Sonnet 18, Then, answer the questions. 1. What isthe tutorial mostly about? aa comparison of two symbols ban analysis of a symbol © reasons why authors use symbols d__ ways that symbols change What makes the sun imperfect? a tis always too hot. It is not usually bright enough. > _Itisonly fully lovely in summer. a It is always covered in clouds. 3) What does the sun symbi inthe poem? 2 trelove bb lost chiléhood past summers natura beauty 4 What does NOT symbolize the imperfection of natural beauty in the poem? athe poem itself b flowers © asummer’sday d__ the season of summerTranslate 9 Shakespeare wrote Sonnet 18 sometime after 1600. The language that he used is very different from the English that people use today. Look at the example below. Use it asa guide to translate the rest of the poem into moder English with a partner. ~ aH Original Modern : Shall T compare thee to a summer's day? Can € compare you tow summer day? ‘Thou uct more lovely and more temperate: You are much lovelier tars a summer day. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: ‘Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, Anu often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrims’d: But thy eternal surnmer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander’ in his shade, ‘When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st So long as men can breathe or eves cam see, So Jong lives this and this gives life o thee. ABB ans “About the Title 110) Shakespeare did not give his sonnets formal tities ~ at least not that we know of. Instead, we se numbers to rafer to the sonnets (informally, many people also use the first line of the sonnet). The numbers show the order in which the sonnets were originally published. This ‘order may oF may not be arbitrary Its uncertain whether or nat Shakespeare was actually ‘involved in the publication ofthe sonnets. Many believe that someone published them witheut his permission. As such, the ttle of Sonnet 18 does nat earry much ~if any ~ special significance. \hat title would you give the poem? Why? Discuss your answer with a partner.Canalyze the Characters 11 atten, er nr 3 scat i | stoves someone Fis listen to the tutorial. Then, use I ssc separa words from the phrase bark to High ls complete the graphic organizer. 12. Think about it, Use the graphic organizer to answer the following questions. * What do you know about the speaker? © What do you know about the beloved? © Which character do you know more about, the speaker or the beloved? 13 Talk tt Over. Canalyze the Symbols 14 match tt. With a partner, discuss your answers to the previous questions. Then, di questions togeth © This poem is supposed to be about the speaker's beloved. Why do you doesn't spend more time describing the person that he loves? » Who is the main character of the poem, the speaker or the beloved? iscuss the following 1 think that the speaker * if you were the beloved, now would you fel about reading this poem?“ 5 ‘Asymbol is something that pone stands for something else. FClewmer For example, a rose can sybetizatove. Mach the fg 2L_Jeartogbuciofimay | symbols from the poem to 3]_Junpredictable weather | ¢ their meanings. Think About it. With a partner, discuss your answers to the previous step. Why did you choose those answers? (om beauty chance or fate youth16 talk it Over. {In groups of four, talk about which symbol you think is most important to the poem and why, ‘Agree on a symbol in your group and choose one group member to report to the rest of the lass, "Analyze the Meter lamble potter a spect Mad of tig, oe mate, lm iva patern of ‘17 Mark ttup. we aetuued with ied. ty «Reread the poem. Underline the syllables that are ssl slab The pic pent msn cmphasized Then stn to the poem again to check the, So lines of lambie pestamete hae ‘your work. The first line is given here as an example. five iain ~ five sets of ome tinstressed and sic daily one sree set Shear sonnets use this ythm. 13 Think About it. ‘Answer the following questions with a partner. + Isevery unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one? © How many syllables are in each ine? * Does the poem follow the rules of iambic pentameter strictly? 19 ‘Talk it Over. ‘Asa class, discuss the importance of meter in a poem. Why did Shakespeare choose iambic pentameter for most of his sonnets? —Analyze the Themes 20 Fit tein, The most obvious theme in Sonnet 1@ is the speaker's love for the beloved. Another important theme, however, is immortality (eternal life) and how to achieve that. Fil in the graphic organizer with ines from the poem that relate to the two different themes. beg 21. Think about it. which theme do you think is most important to the poem and why? 22 Talk It Over. \With a partner, discuss your answer to the previous question.Cin-Depth Analysis: Sonnets A eeate specific kind of poem. It follows a particular £X. thyme scheme and has a set number of lines. Sonnets originated in Italy in the thirteenth century. They became very popular and eventually spread to other countries, ngland. In England, the form of the sonnet hanged slightly, and it is in this tradition that Shakespeare \wrote his famous sonnet English sonnets (sometimes called Shakespearean sonnets) are structured in very particular ways. For one thing, they all hhave fourteen lines. These lines are broken into four groups: chree quatrains and one couplet at the end. A quatrain is a group of four Hines; a couplet is a group of two lines. The ‘quatrains have an alternating rhyme scheme, That is, the first ‘quatrain’s rhyme scheme is ABAB, the second’s iy CDCD. amd the third’s EFER. The couplet comes at the very end of the sonnet. In Shakespearean sonnets, the vouplet’s rhyme scheme is GG. In sum, the sonnet’s structure is: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. A sonnet is more than just its form, however, The content of a sonnet is equally as important. Many sonnets are love poems. ‘Traditionally. the first half of a sonnet presents a problem, or a question. TI wer oF resel One fine in the poem (usually the ninth) functions as the turning point ia dhe poem. Tt signifies the shift from “problem” to “resolution.” This is called the “volta,” which ‘means “turn” in Italian. Shakespearean sonnets don’t follow this exact pattern, That is, there is nor always « strict problem or question. However, the volta is still present sand it does represent a shift in tone or mood. In most Shakespearean sonnets, the ninth tine of the pocm usually marks the colta, In addition 10 the volta, the couplet at the end also has special significance. It usually serves co sum up the main idea or dominant feeling of the poem. secund half present23. Read the In-Depth Analysis and answer the following questions individually. Based on the In-Depth Analysis, what do you expect the thyme scheme of Sonnet 18 will be? Reread the poem. Mark the chyme scheme. For each new rhyme, use a new letter. When a shyme repeats, repeat that letter. The first quatrain is given below as an example. Shall | compare thee to a summer's day? A ‘Thou art more lovely and more temperate:* Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May And summer's lease hath all too short a dat 8 A 8 ‘In Shakespeare's time, the ward “temperate” would have been pronounced [iempsreu, making it rhyme with the ward “date.” Today, however, we pronounce the word [tempi + How closely does Sonnet 18 maintain the rhyme scheme of a typical sonnet? Can you identi the quatrains and the couplet? 2d, Reread the poem with a partner. Pay close attention to line 9, Then, with a partne following questions. ‘+ What is the poem about BEFORE line 9? ‘© What does the speaker say inline 9? the poem about AFTER line 9? ‘© What is the shift or change that you see in this line? = What 25. Now, focus on the last two lines of the poem, the couplet. Discuss the following questions with a partner. + What does the couplet mean? + How does the mesage of the couplet ete to the poem a whole? “Write 26, m sonnet 18, the speaker ells his beloved that the ‘poem wil allow the beloved to live foraver, This theme of inmertalitys one ofthe most Important inthe poem. n a 250-10 200-word essay, explain how the speaker communicates the theme of immortality nude lines from the poem and exalain thelr significance to ‘he theme of immertalty and the dea that beauty wl ive foreverin the poem.