EARNING WITH A ~~ DIFFERENCE A contextualized approach to the learning of English grammar ReCe e Nigel Turton ° sodas .Nigel Turton© 2007 Learners Publishing Pte Lid First published 2007 by Learners Publishing Pte Ltd 222 Tagore Lane, #03-01 TG Bullding, Singapore 787603, All rights reserved. No part ofthis book shall be reproduced, or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, Including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Email: eampub@leamers.com.sg Visit our website: htp/wewJearmers.comsg ISBN 978 981 4151 320 Printed by COS Printors Pte Ltd, Singapore — Please remember that ‘unauthorized photocopying of this book is illegal. Assocure Cowpaes RIC Leamers international Limited P.O. Box 332, Greenwood WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6924 RIC Publications Limited (Asia) Sth floor, Gotanda Mikado Bullding 2.5-8 Hiratsuka, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, JAPAN 142-0051 Tel: 03-9788-9201 Fax: 09-3788-9202 Ema: et@ ricpublications.com Website: wwwwstepublications.com@t youll find in this bool Toteachers 4 4 Pronouns 52 and parents Personal pronouns 52 Demonstrative pronouns 57 Interrogative pronouns 61 1 Writing 5 The alphabet 5 5 Verbs 69 Small letters 8 What is a verb? 69 Capital letters 9 The verb be 5 Punctuation V7 There isand there are 81 The verb have 85 2 Nouns 15 Present continuous tense 90 What is a noun? 5 Proper nouns 20 6 Adverbs 95 Countable nouns 24 Adverbs of manner 95 Uncountable nouns 27 Adverbs of time 98 Singular and plural forms 32 Adverbs of place 99 3 Words used 37 with nouns The indefinite article 37 Possessive determiners 42 Possessive nouns 47TO teachers ie) PaTeHES Offlate, language planners and educators in various parts of the world have been taking steps to restore an appropriate balance to language teaching policy and practice. In the case of Singapore, in October 2006 the Ministry of Education announced its intention to introduce anew English Language curriculum in which ‘A contextualized approach to English Language learning will be complemented by systematic and explicit grammar instruction.’ It is against this background that ACTIVE GRAMMAR has been produced. The main purpose of ACTIVE GRAMMAR is to develop in young learners an understanding and control of the essential building blocks of English grammar and in so doing provide them with a solid platform for further language development. ACTIVE GRAMMAR is likely to be found most useful at the lower primary level, although it may also help older students who, for one reason or another, still find grammar intimidating. It has been designed primarily for classroom use although it may also be used at home under parental supervision. ACTIVE GRAMMAR is divided into units or lessons, each of which has a single focus. Itis recammended that the units are followed in the sequence in which they appear, although same teachers requiring supplementary materials may prefer to draw upon them selectively. The units follow atried-and-tested ‘presentation-explanation-practice’ format. They begin with a text (e.g. a rhyme, adialogue, a story) which has been carefully designed to stimulate interest while at the same time showing the lesson’s grammatical focus in context. The explanation which follaws draws attention to the relevant parts of the text while also providing further examples. Finally, practice is provided by means of a variety of activities, both oral and written. These invite students to consolidate their understanding of a grammatical item by actively using it. Withits profusion of lively colour illustrations, ACTIVE GRAMMAR demonstrates that the learning of grammar, even at primary level, need not be difficult or dull. On the contrary, when materials are sensitive ta the age and interests of the young learner, grammar lessons can be not only interesting but fun. Nigel Turton February 2007RU Nel less Bull Belial} RD ae RO alo) @ The alphabet (the ABC) Sally is writing notes to some of her friends. Read the note to Wendy and you will know why. HR Dear Wendy, It's my birthday on Saturday and I'm having a party at my house. The party starts at three o'clock and ends at five. I hope that you can come. Lisa, Tom, Jill and Mat will be there. We are going to sing songs, dance and play party games. We are going to have lots of fun. Love from, Sally The alphabet 5When you write, you put letters together to make words. Sally’s note begins with two words: Dear Wendy There are four letters in the first word. Dear There are five letters in the second word. Wendy You use lots of different letters to make words. There are 26 letters altogether: This set of 26 letters is called the alphabet. When er learn the alphabet, you learn the letters in this order: These letters are in alphabetical order. 6 WritingPRACTICE 1 Which name in each group has the most letters? Circle it. 2 Which letters are missing? Can you name them? abcd_fghij_Imno_arst— vwxyz 3 Which letter does each group of words begin with? Write the letter in the space provided. a key kite kitten kettle — b bicycle balloon bee _ butterfly __ c tap telephone tiger train — 4 Put the letters in each group in alphabetical order. ‘D> GD Gp The alphabet 7@ Small letters (abcde) When you write, you use small letters and big letters. Dear Wendy, It’s my birthday on Saturday and I’m having a party at my house. The party starts at... Small letters look like this: (mma cend wef age ‘op gr st oo 8 Writing@ Capital letters (ABCDE) Some words begin with a big letter: Dear Wenay, It’s my birthday on Saturday and I’m having a party at my house. The party starts at ... Big letters are called capital letters (or just capitals). They look like this: WWE aa Choral biertasie capac Capital letters 9You use a capital letter for: @ the beginning of a sentence: The party starts at three o'clock and ends at five. @ the name of someone: Lisa, Tom, Jill and Mat will be there. @ the word |: It’s my birthday on Saturday and I’m having a party at my house. @ the name of a day or month: It’s my birthday on Saturday ... 3rd June @ the first word in a greeting or closing: Dear Wenay, Love from, Sally 10 WritingPRACTICE 1 Some letters in these sentences are not right. Circle them. a My CAt is calleD Wilson. b He is Good at catcHing micE. ¢ ThE mice Do not like Wilson. 2 Which words in these sentences should begin with a capital letter? Circle them. a_ my best friend is called nina. b onsunday my father and i are going fishing. ¢ are you going to Sally’s party? Capital letters 11@ Punctuation When you write, you use punctuation marks. These little signs help to make your meaning clear. @ the full stop (.) You use a full stop to mark the end of a sentence. The party starts at three o’clock and ends at five. @ the comma (.) 1 You use a comma between two things in a list. Lisa, Tom, Jill and Mat will be there. 2 Between the last two things in a list, you use and. Lisa, Tom, Jill and Mat will be there. 3 You also use a comma after a greeting or closing. Dear Wend Love from, 12. Writing@ the apostrophe (’) When you write, you sometimes leave out a letter and join two words together. You use an apostrophe To show where a letter is missing. Vm Is my birthday ... you're she's he's its we're they're I’m having a party ... Sometimes you leave out two letters: round lam you are she is he is itis we are they are exis We'll all have lots of fun. i = Iwill you'll = you will she'll = she will he'll = he will itl) = it will we'll = we will they'll = they will Punctuation 13PRACTICE 1 Insert full stops ( .) for the sentences below and circle the words that should begin with a capital letter. a My catis called Wilson he is good at catching mice b The mice do not like Wilson they are frightened of him 2 In each sentence, put in the missing commas (,). a_ Wilson eats fish chicken beef and ice cream, b Hehasa white face black ears blue eyes a black nose and a pink tongue. 3 In each sentence, put in the missing apostrophe C) a_ When its raining, Wilson stays indoors. b Hes very fat because he eats too much. c¢ | think youll like Wilson when you see him. 14 WritingBee ace tare ir alee aire as tel oll Rare ole Maret ary Rp rel) lola el ts] ele cary @ What is a noun? (book, cat, sister, school) What are Sally and her mother talking about? What do you want for your birthday, Sally? Daddy and I want to buy you a present. I don't know. I'll think about it. Then I'll make a list. The next day Sally gives her mother a piece of paper. THINGS I WOULD LIKE a watch a box of paints a new bag for school a kite a book about cats a kitten What isa noun? 15There are lots of naming words in Sally’s list. Naming words are called nouns. a watch a box of paints anew bag for schoo! a kite a book about cats a kitten The names of all the things you use and play with are nouns. kite guitar vA @ watch drum scooter 16 NounsThese nouns are the names of animals. lamb lion bie hen i © giraffe kitten You use nouns for people too. Some nouns tell us what people do. carpenter police officer doctor What isa noun? 17You use these nouns to talk about the people in your family. Here is a photograph of Sally and her family. i | school supermarket airport Grammar Help A noun that begins with a small letter is called a common noun. 18 NounsPRACTICE 1 Each sentence below contains two or three nouns. Circle them. a_ lam reading a book about elephants. b We're going to the beach to fly my kite. c My teacher has a computer on her desk. 2 Look at the nouns in each group. They belong to the same set. Write two more nouns for each set. a kite doll ball jigsaw —- ___ b sister grandfather mother ¢ lion horse cow elephant 3 One of the words in each group is NOT a noun. Which is it? Circle it. a book bicycle singer go classroom b balloon computer write television pencil Whatisanoun? 19@ Proper nouns (ill, Monday, London) Three days before her birthday party, Sally writes down the names of her friends. They are alll coming to her party. vill Kim David Lisa Tom Mat Wendy For a person’s name, you use a special type of noun. It is called a proper noun. ‘Sf coe This is oe & Ghee Monty is a clown. 20 NounsHere are some more proper nouns. They are the names of countries and cities. Hong Kong London Paris Proper nouns 21The names of days and months are proper nouns too. e Wednesday Thursday a [Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thur] Fri | Sat a9 [iol um | i [23 [14 22 | 23 | 24| 25 | 26 [27 | 28 December is the last month of the year. Here are all the twelve months of the year: 22 NounsPRACTICE 1 Put the nouns below into the correct box, PROPER NOUNS COMMON NOUNS Singapore Luke July tiger doctor watch London China doll brother 2 Match each proper noun with a common noun by drawing a line. PROPER NOUNS COMMON NOUNS London September country girl month Sally the Taj Mahal China Peter Pan building boy city Propernouns 23@ Countable nouns (a balloon, two balloons) Sally’s birthday party is on Saturday and there is lots of shopping to do. This is the shopping list. tear) SHOPPING LIST sausages juice oe eggs water 8 {7 rice lemonade G@Gy bread milk MY jam sugar apples honey acs PC oranges party hats es bananas balloons biscuits candlesWhen you count things, you say how many. cae one balloon two balloons S/ a a spoon five spoons one egg three eggs Countable nouns 25Words like balloon, spoon and egg are called countable nouns. How many apples do you want? REMINDER. They are countable nouns because | you can say how many. ~~ In a supermarket there are lots of things you can count. . 26 Nouns@ Uncountable nouns (bread, jam, milk) On the shopping list there are some things that you cannot count. You can say three apples. You can't say three breads. Words like milk, bread and jam are uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns are names of something you cannot count. Uncountable nouns 27Here are some more uncountable nouns. You can count flowers. You can't count wood toothpaste 28 NounsSally is getting some things to drink. Two, please. And we need five bottles of lemonade. How many cartons of milk do you want, Mummy? With uncountable nouns you can use words like bottle and carton. You can count bottles and cartons. Ss two bottles acarton of lemonade of milk Uncountable nouns 29REMINDER You never use a or an with an uncountable noun. Say: a loaf or a loaf of bread Don’t say: a bread i SS ee a loaf of bread REMINDER You never add -s to an; uncountable noun. A new toothbrush and a tube of toothpaste. Thank youl 30 NounsPRACTICE 1 Put the nouns into the correct box. Paes COUNTABIE UNCOUNTABLE | —- toothbrush 2 Match each word in Box A with a word from Box B. Make phrases like this: re er ei BOX A (COUNTABLE) BOX B (UNCOUNTABLE) tube bag tin sheet paper toothpaste flour soup Uncountable nouns 31@ Singular and plural forms (a kitten, three kittens) On the wall outside the supermarket there is a notice. What is it about? Home Wanted Three kittens need a good home. Only six weeks old. Purrrrfect pets. Please ring: 68473870 32 NounsMost countable nouns have two forms. They are either singular or plural. a kitten a boy and a girl four boys and two girls Singular and plural forms 33When you are talking about just one person, place or thing, you use the singular form. Three kittens need a good home. a new bicycle a picture of my sister Veg the house where Tom lives a packet of sweets a picnic by the river a book about cats 34 NounsWhen you are talking about more than one person, place or thing, you use the plural form. Three kittens need a good home. Only six weeks old. Purrrfect pets. To make a plural form, you usually add -s at the end of a noun: three balloons two baby lambs a bunch of flowers a packet of biscuits Singular and plural forms 35PRACTICE 1 Someone is having a garage sale. Say whether each noun in the notice is singular or plural. Make four sentences like this: GARAGE SALE two bicycles (nearly new) books (hardbacks and paperbacks) a large refrigerator cups, plates and bowls six cotton shirts a washing machine WHEN? — Sunday 4% June, 9 a.m.- 6 pin. WHERE? 15 Orchard Gardens 2 What can you see in your classroom? Make four sentences like this:gnit . rie oe Bese. Words sed 5 With MEGHS of | @ The indefinite article (a banana, an apple) Someone is feeling hungry. T'm hungry, Mummy. Can T have a biscuit, T had a banana for breakfast. | The indefinite article 37When you talk about just one person, place or thing, you often use a or an. | had a banana for breakfast. Then have an orange or an apple. You use an before words that begin with a vowel sound. These words usually begin with one of these letters: an apple G an ice cream an owl an aeroplane 38 Words used with nounsYou use a with all the other words. e? e e i ) 7 a clown a big egg a bicycle a guitar a book @ piano a frog a giraffe The indefinite article 39Here are some more examples of a and an. a chef a pancake an accident Grammar Help Words beginning with the letter h Use an if the h is silent: Use a if the h is pronounced: ‘an hour an honest answer 40 Words used with nounsPRACTICE 1 Here are some pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. For each piece make a sentence like this: arm Choe te hand foot eye 2 Point to a shape and make a sentence like this: >» @. triangle ne rns —_@. ear Ob». db rectangle Cc qd c= a Se a — ES a oval poe: § SOUAIE The indefinite article 41@ Possessive determiners (my, your, his, our) Sally likes drawing pictures and writing about them. Henry is a hippo. His head is very big. His ears, however, are very small. Jamima has a very long nose. She uses it to dry her clothes. Her lips are red. Her eyes are blue. She goes jogging at night With a friend called Sue. 42 Words used with nounsThese girls are very famous. Their songs are very good. °| Their mum is from Chicago. Their dad's from Hollywood. Bill and I are bumblebees. We make a buzzing sound. Our shirts are brown and yellow And our tummies are very round, My teddy gets very cold at night, So it puts on its gloves Before I turn out the light. It puts on its hat And it puts on its scarf. If you saw my teddy, I think you would laugh. Possessive determiners 43The seven words in this box are very useful. my your her his’ its our _ their You use these words to say who something belongs to. Their songs are very good. Our tummies are very round. REMINDER _ Don't get its mixed up with it’s. _It’s means it is or it has: ‘4 It’s Monday today. i It's got eight legs. It puts on its hat. 44 Words used with nounsWe often use Box A and Box B. words together in a sentence, BOX B my your her his its our your their T like my new bicycle. We like our school. Do you like your new You should clean your scooter? teeth every day. She likes her new basketball. He likes his new They often take their school bag. children to the beach. Tt puts on its gloves. Possessive determiners 45PRACTICE Choose one of these words to fill in each blank. 1 My sister, Mary, is seven years old. favourite colour is red. 2 My brother, Tom, is nine years old. favourite colour is blue. 3 We play games together in the garden at the back of ____ house. 4 Our cat watches television all day. Tnat’s why ____ eyes are funny. 5 My parents have a television in ____ bedroom. Do ________ parents have a television in their bedroom? 6 What is your favourite TV programme? —________ favourite programme is Sesame Street. 46 Words used with nouns@ Possessive nouns (Linda‘s dress, the king’s horses) Now it’s time for a nursery rhyme. Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king's horses And all the king's men fj Couldn't put Humpty together again. Possessive nouns 47Sometimes you want to say who something belongs to. You can do this by putting ’s at the end of a noun. the king’s horses = the horses belong to the king \ king's = king + ’s SF Nya This is Linda's dress. It's too big for me. oeneetit Goldilocks is asleep in Baby Bear's bed. 48 Words used with nounsSometimes you just put an apostrophe after a noun. If a noun already has jends' bi an -s at the end, you my is thdaye usually just add an Toby: 20" March apostrophe. Jill: 6" May Compare: Anna: 9* July 1 This is a list of my John: 14" November friends’ birthdays. Sarah: 2™ December 2 It’s my best friend's birthday tomorrow. Goldilocks opened the This is my parents’ door of the three bears’ bedroom. house. Possessive nouns 49PRACTICE 1 Point to one of the objects and say who it belongs to. Make sentences like this: | a This is Bell's book, oP ees camera sponge flipper Bella 50 Words used with nouns2 Now make up questions and answers like this. Work in pairs. Possessive nouns 51Deol) Felrei tell at} Recoil) Poirot la) een) Poirot tity @ Personal pronouns (L, you, she, we) Here are some more of Sally’s pictures. Fiona is a little girl. She has lots and lots of toys. She plays the violin at night. And makes a terrible noise. Simon is a little boy. He can't run very fast. When he takes part in races, He always finishes last. 52 PronounsLook at the words in Box A and Box B. Can you see the difference? Fiona is a little girl. Fiona is a little girl. Fiona has lots of toys. She has lots of toys. Fiona plays the violin She plays the violin And makes a terrible And makes a terrible noise. noise. When you are talking about someone, you usually use their name just once. The next time you use she or he. That's Jill. She is in my class. She and he belong to a small set of words called personal pronouns. Personal pronouns 53Grammar Help You use | when you are talking about You use you for the person Cor people) you are talking to. 1, It isn't mine. It belongs to Jean. Grammar Help You use it for the thing you are talking 54 PronounsWhat are you doing after school a) and-seek. REMINDER ' A pronoun does the job of a noun. Don’t repeat a noun when you can use a pronoun. \ ’ My father is taking me to the dentist's. After that we are going shopping. SINGULAR PLURAL rT we you you she he they it Personal pronouns 55PRACTICE Fill in each blank with the correct pronoun. 1 My father is a teacher. works at 3 ———____ are in 4 My father is a taxi driver, the playground, Sometimes Where are Tom / works at night. and Jill? 56 Pronouns Lisa and I are best friends. help each other with our work,@ Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) Sally is showing Jill some of the things in her bedroom. This is my bed. This is Willy. He is That is Maybel. One my favourite teddy. of her arms came off. Demonstrative pronouns 57When do you use this and when do you use that? Is that a 767 or a 737? You use this for someone or something that is near you. You use that for someone or something that is not near you. You use these and those in the same way. These are my furry friends,These are my favourite Those are my drawings. REMINDER You uge these and those when you are talking about more than one person or thing. REMINDER ’ You use these for people and * things that are near you. You use those for people and things that are not near you. Are these your shoes? Demonstrative pronouns 59PRACTICE Fill in each blank with the correct pronoun. Do you like and the date. is my new watch. It tells you the time 60 Pronouns sun or the moon? my dinner! »@ Interrogative pronouns {who, what, which, whose, whom) Simon meets a friend in the toy shop. Simon is Sally’s brother. Um looking for a Sbinthday present, Interrogative pronouns 61Which of these do you like most? No, she doesn't. 62 PronounsWhen you ask a question, you often use one of Grammar Help these words: a wr wa | enr this group but most of the time you use who. Some people call these interrogative pronouns. You use what to ask about actions. making a table. What's that, David? Interrogative pronouns 63You use who to ask about people. That's my uncle. He taught me how to make things. In formal English, you In everyday English, you use whom with words use who. like to, for, with or from. Who am I speaking to? In Formal English, you also use whom when it is the object of a verb: Whom did you tell? lh everyday English, you use who.You use which to ask about a particular person or thing. The blue one. which and what You use which when someone has to choose. Which would you like, an apple, an orange or a pear? Which is your pencil, this one or that one? You use what when the answer could be anything. What would you like to eat? What is your favourite colour? Interrogative pronouns 65.You use whose to ask who something belongs to. It's Cinderella's, ' It's Cinderella's means It's Cinderella’s shoe. 66 PronounsPRACTICE 1 In each group of sentences only one sentence is correct. Find the correct sentence and put a tick in the box. a i ii iti b i ii iii e ii iii f i ii iii Who is your telephone number? What is your telephone number? Whose is your telephone number? What is the tallest person in your family? Whose is the tallest person in your family? Who is the tallest person in your family? i What did you do last night? Whose did you do last night? Which did you do last night? i Which is your bag, the blue one or the red one? Whose is your bag, the blue one or the red one? What is your bag, the blue one or the red one? What is this ruler? Does it belong to you? Which is this ruler? Does it belong to you? Whose is this ruler? Does it belong to you? What is the capital of Malaysia? Who is the capital of Malaysia? Which is the capital of Malaysia? W000 WU 0 LU Interrogative pronouns 672 Complete the questions with who, what, which or whose. favourite meal? is your b is the oldest — in your class? 9 D are these? 68 Pronouns a i They belong Ie - to me. Chicken ai [ty each 5 d = i correct: —_______ is the time? Ben like jam or Ben likes jam? ¥v AL Neither. Ben likes It's time you peanut butter. had a watch.grit. ° ' ° Qo © Verbs a @ What is a verb? (write, make, feel) Do you remember this notice about the three kittens? Home Wanted Three kittens need a good home. Only six weeks old. Purrrrfect pets. Please ring: 68473870 What isa verb? 69They run around the garden. They sit and watch the fish. Zz : Zz They chase birds and They sleep in their butterflies. basket. 70 VerbsWhat do the kittens do? They play most of the time. They crawl under the carpet. They climb up the curtains. They run around the garden. They sit and watch the fish. They chase birds and butterflies. They sleep in their basket. All the highlighted words are called verbs. Some people call verbs doing words. What do you do at school? I draw pictures. I read stories. T use the computer. Whatis a verb? 71What do you do at home? I tidy my bedroom. 2. T help my father. I water the flowers. T phone my friends. You use verbs to talk about what things people co. 72 VerbsYou can use verbs for other things too. @ You use a verb to say who you are. @ You use a verb to say what you need. I need a new toothbrush. 5 @ You use a verb to say what you like. § T like cheese. @ You use a verb to say how you feel. What is a verb? 73PRACTICE 1 Put the words in the right order. Make sentences like this: a mice cats chase b chase dogs cats Cats chase mice. ¢ make bees honey d milk drink babies e bananas like monkeys f eat worms birds g bread bakers make h | adoctor am 2 One word in each of the sentences above is a verb. Which word is it? a b c e f g h 3 One word in each group below is NOT a verb. Circle it. a read write classroom listen draw paint b run walk crawl climb sit playground 74 Verbs@ The verb be (lam, you are, he is) Sally is showing her friend Lucy some photographs. My sister is three too. They're the same age.Are you in this picture, Lucy? ‘Yes, I am! Can't you see me? There's a bird on my head. The words am, are and is are parts of the verb be. Tam (I'm) we are (we're) Grammar Help } When you speak, you usually use short she is (she's) Forms tke I'm, you're he is (he's) they are (they're) | \ond she’s. it is (it's) you are (you're) you are (you're) you're your he’s his it’s its they're their there 76 VerbsYou can use am, are and is with not. You aren't the strongest! I am! Jack isn't the strongest, is he? ES ~('No, he isn't. Mike is! you aren't = you are not he isn't = he is not Sometimes there is more than one short form: you aren't = you're not he isn't = he's not The verb be 77These are the singular forms. Tam not T'm not you are not you aren't you're not she is not she isn't she's not he is not he isn't he's not it is not it isn't it's not /— dragonfly. > @ (Tm playing »» Zawith it! 78 VerbsThese are the plural forms. we are not we aren't we're not you are not you aren't you're not they are not they aren't they're not They aren't kittens! They're Excuse me! You aren't kittens, are you? The verb be 79PRACTICE Fill in the blanks with parts of the verb be. Sometimes you have to use not as well. 1 Kim: It your birthday today, isn’t it? Mat: Yes, it vd six. Kim: — Happy birthday, Mat! 2 Jill: you hungry? Tim: No,| you hungry? Jill: Yes, | 3 Luke: Look at this, Mark. It a butterfly, isn’t it? Mark: Yes, it w ft beautiful. Luke: The wings so big! Mark: Yes, they huge! 4 Lucy: Your mother a teacher, isn’t she? Paul: Yes, she . My father a teacher, too. 5 Mary: Tom Dan: No,he Mary: Which class Dan: | in 1c, Mary: Jill and Wendy Dan: Yes, they friends of mine. in your class, isn’t he? . He in 1B. you in? in 1B, aren‘t they? good . They 80 Verbs@ There is and there are Do you know this game? Look at all the things on the table. Try to remember them, Now, who can remember all the things on the table? Hands up! There is and there are 81There's aruler. There's a clock. There are three pencils and there are two books. Well done, Martin! But there's one more thing. Who can remember what it is? Please, Miss Lee. There are two more things. 82 VerbsYou use there is when you talk about one person or thing. There’s a clock There’s an apple. You also use there is with uncountable nouns like milk and money. There’s some milk in the fridge. There’s some money in the drawer. To ask a question, you say Is there ...? Is there a pear? You also use is there after how much. When you speak, you usually say there's instead of there is. How much milk is there? You use there are when you talk about more than one person or thing. There are three pencils and there are two books. To ask a question, you say Are there ...? Are there any sweets in the jar? You also use are there after how many. How many children are there in your class? There is and there are 83PRACTICE Now you can play the Memory Wizard game. 1 Play the game with a 5 Tell your friend all the friend. things in Picture A. Make 2 Look at all the things in sentences with there is Picture A for one minute. and there are. 3 Try to remember them all. | 6 Play the game again using 4 Close your book. Don't Picture B. This time open it until the end of let your friend be the the game. Memory Wizard. Picture A Before you begin, make sure you know these names. bicycle, kite, scooter, ball, skipping rope Picture B Before you begin, make sure you know these names. guitar, drum, piano, violin, mouth organ 84 Verbs@ The verb have (I have, she has) When you talk about things that belong to you or other people, you often use the verb have. We have two dollars and ten Look! I have a new watch. Do you like it? Tony and Lucy have a swing in the garden. They're so lucky! The verb have 85You use has when you talk about just one person or thing. My cat has three kittens. Tom has a new toothbrush. This table tells you when to use have and when to use has. I have we have you have you have she has he has they have it hasYou can use the verb have or has when you describe someone or something. A giraffe has a very Penguins have wings but long neck. cannot fly. He has a very long nose. This little elephant has very big ears. And he can fly! The verb have 87A lot of people use have got instead of have. When we speak, we usually say I've got. This is [7 I've got a magic lamp. Grammar Help These are all the Full Forms and short Forms. SINGULAR | have got = I've got you have got = you've got she has got = she’s got he has got = he's got 5 it has got = it's got They've got a visitor called Goldilocks. PLURAL we have got = we've got you have got = you've got they have got = they've got He's got a hook instead This little boy has of a hand. got a problem. 88 VerbsPRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form of have or have got. Cinderella _____ Mrs Rabbit three ugly stepsisters. four children. 3 A triangle —___ Squares three sides. four sides. 5 6 o oh * Cats ___no wings. The verb have 89@ Present continuous tense (lam playing, he is playing) It is Sally’s birthday today and she is having a party. Her mother is talking to someone on the telephone. | { They're having ee lots of fun. T'm opening my presents, What are all the childrenWe're playing BS _\ Happy Family, — a es al. 9 Now they're playing y*\musical chairs. ! BE T've got to go now, June? Happy birthday to you. Sally is blowing out the (} Happy birthday to you. candles on her cake,__ A Happy birthday, dear Sally, Present continuous tense 91Sometimes you want to talk about something that is happening now. I’m opening my presents. Jill and Mat are playing with a balloon. Lisa is singing a song. To talk about what you are doing now, you use two verbs. opening playing singing This is called the present continuous tense. Tam playing we are playing (I'm playing) (we're playing) you are playing you are playing (you're playing) (you're playing) she/he/it is playing they are playing (she's/he's/it's playing) (they're playing) 92 VerbsEmily is walking towards her air balloon. Now she's getting into the balloon. PS oodbye everyone! & ~ Now the balloon is rising slowly into the air. —— =! Grammar Help Look at the pattem. walk +. ir walking open + i opening play + ij playing sing + it singing Usually, you just add -ing to onuwia double the last letter before adding -ing. gt +t getting stopping running putting Ps stop + p + i run +n + put + ¢ + i You do this with very short verbs. é If the verb ends with -e, you usually drop this letter before adding -ing. rise take - come - ¢€ drive - e ae, rising taking coming driving onnwin The present continuous tense is also called the present , Progressive. Present continuous tense 93PRACTICE What is happening in the park? Fill each blank with the correct present continuous tense. 2 Some big boys (play) football. |4 Tim's father _ LY 5 Tim and is sister |__ (read) a newspaper. (vide) their bicycles. be 94 VerbsRee -u Te) ulil-g © Adverbs of time ©) Adverbs of ploce @ Adverbs of manner (slowly, quickly, carefully) After the party, Sally gets two more birthday presents. This is for Adverbs of manner 95She also gets a book. HOW TO LOOK AFTER YOUR CAT Just like you, your cat needs lots of love and care. You must learn to look after it properly. @ Pick it up slowly. Don't frighten it. Always hold it carefully. Never squeeze it. Stroke it gently. Don't be rough. Put it down carefully. Never drop it. eo &® & ® Make sure you feed it properly. @ If your cat is sick, take it quickly to the vet. 96 AdverbsSome words tell us how someone does something. Pick it up slowly. Always hold it carefully. Make sure you feed it properly. Words like slowly and carefully are adverbs. Some people call them adverbs of manner. - Most adverbs that tell us how end in -ly. quickly slowly carefully loudly He falls asleep and snores loudly. Adverbs of manner 97@ Adverbs of time (now, soon, today) Some adverbs tell us when. Grammar Help Words like now and soon are called adverbs of Grammar Help Words like sometimes Tiger always cries when he is hungry. Sometimes he has fish for dinner. 98 Adverbs@ Adverbs of place (here, outside, upstairs) Some adverbs tell us where. Where's Tiger? Ts he out: y e's up in the tree) P’ He won't come down. where — when why how Adverbs of place 99PRACTICE In this story some of the adverbs are shown in blue. Do they tell us how, when, how often or where? The Hare and the Tortoise One day Harry the Hare was sitting (1) outside in his garden, listening to the radio, when he saw Tortoise. Tortoise was walking along very (2) slow'y. He (3) always walked slowly. ‘Let's have a race, Torty,’ said Hare (4) excitedly. ‘I can run very (5) quickly but you can’t. I'll beat you (6) easily.’ ‘Okay, Harry,’ said Tortoise (7) cheerfully. As soon as the race started, Hare ran off (8) immediately and was soon just a small shape in the distance. Tortoise didn’t care. He just kept jogging along slowly but (9) steadily. After ten minutes Hare was tired. ‘I'm (10) already miles ahead,’ he said (11) smugly to himself. ‘I can stop (1 2) here for a few minutes and have a rest.’ That afternoon it was very hot and Hare (13) soon fell fast asleep. It was very late when he woke up. There were stars in the sky. By (14) then, Tortoise had won the race and gone (15) home, slowly but steadily of course. 100 Adverbsan an BR © D outside slowly always excitedly quickly easily cheerfully immediately steadily already smugly here soon then home where Adverbs of place 101Unit? Writing Page 7—The alphabet a { Luke jill Emma @ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz @) a. k b.b ct (4) acde brst cghi Page 11— Capital letters a a. My tis calle Wilson. b, Heis Good at ing mi c. Thmice Qo not lie Wilson. 2) a. @pbest friend is calle Answer Key eee Page 14—Punctuation a a. My catis called Wilson. @9is good at catching mice. b. The mice do not like Wilson.€hepare frightened of him. Q) a. Wilson eats fish, chicken, beef and ice cream. b. He has a white face, black ears, blue eyes, a black nose and a pink tongue. ® a. When it’s raining, Wilson stays indoors. b. He's very fat because he eats too much. .I think you'll ike Wilson when you see him. Unit 2 Nouns Page 19 — What isa noun? a. lam reading b. We're going to theGeacPIto fly my c Mytéachsphos eGeacdto fy her (2) Examples: a. puppet, bicycle, skipping rope b. brother, grandmother, father kitten, lamb, giraffe bu my father and(are going fishing. ¢. @FByoU going to Sally's party? @) ‘a. book bicycle singer Gd) classroom b. balloon computer television pencil (©2007 Leemer Pubthing Po Lis n"Page 23 — Proper nouns Luke July London China France Nina M Beiii Common nouns tiger doctor watch doll brother sister pencil 2 Proper Common nouns nouns London country September girl Sally month the Taj Mahi building China boy Peter Pan city Page 31—Uncountable nouns Q Countable Uncountable toothbrush water biscuit ‘sugar pencil flour hat milk 2 ‘a. a bag of flour b. atin of soup c. asheet of paper Page 36 — Singular and plural forms QM = ‘Books’ is plural. ~ ‘Hardbacks’is plural. - ‘Paperbacks’ is plural. = ‘Refrigerator is singular. = ‘Cups’ is plural. - Plates + ‘Shirts'is plural. = ‘Washing machine’ is singular. (2) Examples: = Ican see one broom. ~ Ian see two fans. = Ican see ten books. ~ Ican see twenty chairs. - Ican see twenty desks. Unit3 Words used with nouns Page 41 — The indefinite article d. This is a hand. e. Thisisanarm. Q ‘. This is a triangle. b. This isan octagon. c. Thisisa circle. d. Thisisan oval. e. Thisis a square. Page 46 —Possessive determiners. (1) Her (2) His @) our @) its (S) their, your (6) My (©2007 Lamers Pubishing Ple LidPage 50 — Possessive nouns. a) @. This is Bella's book. b. Thisis David's hammer. ¢. This is Bob's shirt. d. Thisis Jane’s camera. e. This is Alan's sponge. £. This is Ken’s flipper. Page51 2 1, Whose ball sit? It’s Joey's. b, Whose chairs it? It’s Alan's. ¢. Whose knife is it? It’s Linda’s. d. Whose arrow is it? It’s Pete's. e, Whose hatis it? It’s Charlie's. Unit 4 Pronouns Page 56 — Personal pronouns () He Q)you (3) They @)he G)it (6) We Page 60— Demonstrative pranouns (i) this (2) these (3) those (4) that (5) This (©) Those Page 67 — Interrogative pronouns @ ‘a. What is your telephone number? b. Whois the tallest person in your family? c What did you do last night? . Which is your bag, the blue one or the red one? e. Whose is this ruler? Does it belong to you? £ What is the capital of Malaysia? Page 68 2 ‘a. What b. Who cc. Which d. What e. Whose UnitS Verbs Page 74—Whatisa verb? a a. Cats chase mice. b. Dogs chase cats. c. Bees make honey. d. Babies drink milk. e. Monkeys like bananas. f. Birds eat warms. g. Bakers make bread, h. lam a doctor. 2 = write q Classrooms Jassroomplisten draw point b. run walk limb sit@laygroung Page 80— The verb be (1) Kim: tis your birthday today, isn’t it? Mat: Yes, itis. lam six. Kim: Happy birthday, Mat! @ik_Ateyou hungry? No, I‘mnot. Are you hungry? i Yes, lam. (B) Luke: Look at this, Mark. Itis a butterfly, isn’t it? Mark: Yes, itis. Itis beautiful. (©2007 Leamers Publishing Pta LidLuke: The wings areso big! Mark: Yes, they are huge! (4) Lucy: Your mother is a teacher, isn’t she? Paul: Yes, shels. My father is q teacher, too. (5) Mary: Tom is in your class, isn’t he? Dan: No, he isn't He isin 1B. Mary: Which class are you in? Dan: tamin1C. Mary: jill and Wendy are in 1B, aren't they? Dan: Yes, they are. They are good friends of mine. Page 84 — There isand there are Picture A: ~ There's a bicycle. ~ Theres akite. - There is ascooter. ~ There are two balls. ~ There is a skipping rope. Picture B: ~ There are two guitars. ~ Thereare three drums. - There is a piano. ~ Thereisa violin. - Thereisa mouth organ. Page 89—The verb have (1) has (orhas got) (2) has (orhas got) 3) has (orhas got) (4) have (orhave got) ) has (orhas got) (6) have (orhave got) Page 94—Present continuous tense (1) Ben isflying his kite, 2) Some big boys are playing football, ) Alanis buying an ice cream. (4) Tim's father is reading a newspay (5) Tim endhis sister arerding ther bicycles. ‘92007 Leomers Publishing Phe LdAGTIVE GRAMMAR, develops in young learners an understanding and control of the essential building blocks of English grammar and in so doing provides them with a solid platform for further language development. Attractively designed with lively colour illustrations, it makes the learning of grammar interesting and fun. This series of two books is divided into units. Each unit begins with a carefully designed text to stimulate interest {| while at the same time shows its grammatical focus in § context. The explanation which follows draws attention tothe relevant parts of the text while also providing further examples. Practice is presented by means of a variety of | activities to consolidate understanding of the grammatical concepts learnt. Nigel Turton has taught English as a second or foreign language at universities in England and Southeast Asia over the last twenty-five years. An internationally published author, he has compiled or co-authored a wide range of dictionaries and English language reference books. He has adapted his writing in recent years to meet the special needs of younger learners.