HI KHOA HOC BHOGHN, KHXH, LXil, N°2, 1996 VAN DE CHUAN HOA NGON NGU' TRONG PHONG CACH HANH CHINH CONG VU HOU DAT Dai hoc KH Xa hoi & Nhan van - BHOGHN “"Ngon ngit han chinh cong vu" hoge "Phong cich ngon ngit hanh chinh cng vu 1a tén ho ngon ngir ding trong giao ti¢p mang tinh hah chinh sy vu gitta céc 16 chttc, co ‘thugc cdc nginh, céc cp; gitfa Nha nuéc (cdc chinh quyén, doan thé) va nhan din. Dé 1B loai ngon ngir ding giao tiép trong céc quan hé quéc t€ trén tat ca moi mat doi séng, 16, xi hoi. Céc van bin lién quan dén phong céch nay bao gém céc loai gidy t khéc nhau nbu: a, quyét dinh, quyét nghi, nghi dinh, hiép uéc, cong van théa uéc, thong céo chung, 6ng v.v. Do c6 nhimg chic nang riéng nén ng6n ngit trong phong céch nay o6 nhimg céch té fiéng khong gidng v6i t6 chitc ngon ngit trong céc phong céch khéc, chdng han ngon ‘a phong céch khoa hoc, phong céch bdo chf, phong cach van hoc nghé thuat... Ngon anh chinh cong vu c6 dac diém chung 1a: © (+ Trinh bay ngan gon cy thé, ©. Ngon ng dua theo khuén mau san, . = Si dung rong ri céc thuat ngit clia céc nganh chuyén mon (nhu : lust phép, ngoai quan su, hanh chinh....); v6n ti, ngit mang séc thai trang trong. ~ Dac trumg tong thudt trong cfich trinh bay va trat ty binh thutmg ciia cde than phén nhiing cfi gitt dia vi uu tién trong céch hinh van. Bai viet nay sé trinh bay cu thé mot s6 dac diém co ban cia vOn tir trong ngon ngit th cOng vu, nhim cung cp nhimg i ligu chinh x4c gitp cho vic chudn héa phong ,on ngit hanh chinh cOng vu trong tiéng Viet, déng thi dé dé ra nhing tiéu chudn cho g tix trong phong céch nay. Céc phutong dién cia vén tir trong ng6n ngit hanh chinh ry duve nghién citu trén 3 mat sau: 1. Vin dé sir dung tir Han - Viet. 2. Sac thai biéu cém trong tir vung ca ng6n ng@ hanh chinh cong vu. 3. Thuat ngif, tir viet tat, dau dé trong c4c van ban hanh chinh cong vu. tong ti Han - Viet trong kho tir vung cia ta tuong d6i lén nhumg khong phai né duoc ig nhu nhau trong moi phong céch ngon ngit. Tir Han - Viet dugc ding nhiéu hay it, I 19phém chat cia ching nhu thé nao? Dé 1a diéu quan trong dé xée dinh dign mao cia phong céch ngon ngit. Ching t0i da thdng ke tir Hén - Viet trong céc van ban hanh cong vy. Két qua nhu sau: ‘Téng 56 luge tir ‘SO lures. tir thuedn viet $6 huge tir Hin - Vier y ete Han | Ty le tir Ha Viet so véi_| Viet so véi téng s6tir_| _ thudn Vie Los [2080 928 1152 sauna [124198 ‘Theo két qua thong ké cia chiing ti, trong tac pham van hoe, ty lé ligt tix Hin -Vit -v6i tng s6 lugt ti cia van ban hAnh chinh cong vu dao d6ng trong khong 3 dén 9%, | lugt tir Hn - Vit so v6i lugt tir thuan Viet trong Khoang tir 3,37 dén 10% 2. NgOn ngit hanh chinh cong vu c6 dac tnmg I nghiém tic va chinh xéc cho rit ft sic thai biéu cim. Viée nghién cifu sc thai biéu cam trong tir vung cla cic cong _ cha ta nhim phat hign nhing su léch chudn chung. Tir dé dé ra ning bign phaip khic ph Xem xét cdc van kién vé mat sit dung céc tir ngit mang sic thai biéu cim, chiang 161 tha thé chia ching thanh 3 nhém nhu sau: = Nhém khong 6 cfc tit ngit biéu cim -Nhém o6 nhiing tir ngir biéu cam can 1 - Nhm cé nhiéu tir nga biéu thi nhitag tinh cim c4 nhan khong cin thiet Nhém thir nai chit yéu fd cua céc van kign Nha nude, dé truyén dat toi cde co cp thap vA nhan din nhimg ménh Jénh quan trong, nhimg thong bio cin thigt, nhing kién 6 thé hign tinh nhat quén vé khuon mau, ngan gon va trang trong. Do way nhimg cam riéng tu khong duge c6 mat. Mot s6 van kién c6 ding dén ohimg ti ahu: kinh gi, cfn, yeu cfu, dé nghj... d6 1 nhdng tir da tr thanh "kun" trong phong eéch nay. T mot sO dign van giao dich quéc té, ta thutmg gap nhimg tir, ngir nhu: nhan dan ¢4 nhan vui mimg, than 4i... 6 cing 1A nhimg tir ngit rit cn thiét cho van kien, Céc vi lanh dao { va Nha nude ta dimg trén vi trf thay mat toAn din dé phat bigu cho nen nhimg tir ngt te nhing ti ngét dac biet, biéu thi Gnh cm c6 tinh chat chung dé tang them phén trang trop hau nghj trong giao tigp bang van bin. Cfc van kién su vu do cic co quan cap thap thio ra theo Khuén may dhéng nhat thuge nhém khong c6 céc tit biéu cém. D6 1A céc van ban nhue Bing khen, gidly khen, ly ching minh thu, h6a don, phiéu, bien Iai, bop déng, gigy bio... Trong cdc vam kign ndy KhOng c6 céc tir bigu cdm 1a ~ Ching duge in hang logt sir dung cho nhiéu Tinh vue, nhiéu ngusi vei noi duny thudn hanh chinh suvu, ddi hoi pha tuyét Udi 16n trong va chap nbin, cho nen Wot khOng chap nhdn nhiing yéu 16 tinh cam. ~ Khuon mau ciia cfc loai van bin nay khé cf dinh v6i nhimg hin thtte chat che duge thir théch qua thdi gian cho nén céc tir biéu cdm va céc tit khong cdin thiét khic luge bo. Thudc vé nhém thit hai la cdc van ban dénh may hoac chép tay dé trao déi vé cor su vu gitla cc co quan, doan thé. Khuon aru ca chiing chwa théng nhit, Nguii ta dy mét cfi mau chung chung ndo dé ri tay ¥ thém vao mdr vai tir bigy cam. Cée tir ngt cam trong céc van ban nay 06 s6 luong han ché. DuGi day 1a mot s6 cong wan véi cae 1 biéu cim cla n6: 20+ Gidy mdi: kinh giri, mong, tran trong, hén hanh, xin, - Gidly gidi thigu: kinh giti, dé nghi, mong, quy co quan, - Thiép movi: kinh git, nay, tran trong, han hanh, vui mimg. = Chi thi: kinh giti, dé nghi, yéu cu... - Bign bin: kinh giti, dé nghi, yeu c4u, cn, xét, xin... ‘Tuy theo cng vige, quan hé, cap bac ma céc tir trén c6 nhing téc dung khdc nhaw: - Néu [8 cOng vige e6 quan hé tdi cae co quan ngang cdip nhau thi cdc tir d6 c6 téc dung ign su binh dang, t6n trong va lich su. = Néu la cng vide 6 quan hé 16i cor quan va cA nhin thi ching 6 tac dung Jam tang thuyét phuc vé mat tinh cim (mong, can, han hanh) hode n6i r mie dG quan trong cia 3 vide (Iuu y, dé nghi, cdn thiét...) Nhém thir 3 gém: Giddy ching nan, gidy bién nh4n, céc loai don xin, ban kiém thio, khigu nai... Hau hét ching 18 ahdng van bin dénh méy hodc chép tay. Vi vay, do nhiing dich khée nhau, ngudi ta thém rit nhiéu tir, ng bigu cim khong cn thiét. Trong céc cia cap dui giti cp tren, cia cé nhan giri cp Kinh dgo, vi ngudi viét muén lam tang hd ¥ cia cfp tren, much keu goi su gidp dé, nén thudmg dua vao mot s6 tir biéu th tinh nhut tha thiet, thanh that, v6 cing (biét on), mong mdi... Céc tir ngi: kinh chuyén, kinh kinh xin, kinh mong, duge lap lai kha nhiéu. Céc dai tir han xumg duge ding giéng nhu ‘g khdu ngit than mat: em, ching em, chéu, chting chau, bac, cfc béc... C6 mot s6 van ban vit tinh trang trong, tré nén nang né do mét sé ngi doan ké 1é nhu: nh’ quy ban, xin cing cdc bic, khong may gid trdi, Ong bio hé gidip tdi . Nhin chung nhdng tir, ngit biéu cim dé cin tre tinh trong séng va Uiét kiém cia ngon hanh chinh su vu. Vi cong viée cin phai duve giai quyét theo nguyén tic binh dang cht ng dua trén tinh cim riéng tu. Ngon ng cin ngan ngon dé tiét kigm thdi gian doc, nghién va gidi quyet van dé, Digu nay mang tinh higu qua kinh 16, . 3, Theo thding ké so bd, hau hét thuat ngit trong ngon ngit hdnh chinh sir vu déu duoe dung bang yéu 16 ge Han. Cée thuat ngir Hén - Viét 6 uu diém [a béo dim tinh nguyen i, don nghia va dé tri thanb tir hoat déng tich cue trong tigng Viet. C&c thuat ngtt trong nngtthanh chinh su vu phan lon gém tir mot dén ba am tigt, vi du : von, nhap, xudt, chi, §, luat, chi thi, thong tu, hién ph4p, bién ché, higu suat, ti khoan, hinh su, nguyén vat , ban chip hanh... C6 mot s6 ft céc thuat ngit gdm bon Am tiét: quy hoach dao tao, cong tu | doanh, bé tic van héa, cong ty lién doanh, hop téc dau tu... Cac thuat ngit Hén - Viet , nam am tiét trélén c6 uu diém [A nguyén khdi, tit kiém nhung kh6 hiéu, nang né. Vi khi sing tao thuat ngit can c6 ging thu gon sO lugng 4m tiét, theo nguyén tic vira bio 1 tinh trong sing ctia ngon ngtt, vita tién dung, ‘Trong céc van ban su vu, tir viéi tit duge ding nhu mot ky higu riéng véi nhiimg muc a khée nhau. C6 khi ngudi ta viét tat nham gitt bf mat cong téc va tén goi cu thé chia co ‘n, 06 khi nhim tiet kiém ngon ngit va tién phan chia hang muc céc gidy t8. C6 mot sé tir, tdo ditgc lap di lap Iai trong khuén mau théng nhat, cho nén yeu céu ty nhién 1a c&n viet cho tién lam viéc, vi nhing chit viet tat khong gay hiéu nhdm. Nhu vay nhimg ti viet tat quan trong tong cac cong van gidy tt. Nhung cho dén nay trén mt sO van ban cn nhiéu 1 viet vit Khong théng nhat, vi dy: BCNNh, BCNN - BO céng nghiép nhe; TT - Thong ti, ng tu. 21Vé trutng hop thet nhat ching ti dé nghi nén chon BCNNh dé trénb nham Jén hai N cui, trudng hop thé hai nén ding TT dé viét tat cho mét trong hai tir, va thém mot chi 46 viet tat th con lai (TTr ; Thong tri). C6 khi cing mét ndi dung [A "ky thay", ngudi ta dén ba chit vitt tét khéc nhau : K/T (ky thay), T/L (thita lénh), ‘T/M (thay may. Viet tat vay dé gay hiéu nhdm. C6 1é trong tung hop nay hoac khong nén viet tét, hose chor m6t tit, ngit chung r6i viet t4t thong nat (c6 18 chon K/T, vi "ky thay” da bao ham ¥ ng! ‘| “thi lénh" hoge "thay mat"). ‘Vé ten goi cdc loai van kién, c4ch viét uit khong thé hign su thong nhat. Thir xem x kiéu van ban sau day : = NV - 32/CB (Bo NOi vu - 32/ Vu cén bo) - 31/NV - CB (31/B6 NOi vu - Vu cén bd) - 85/GT (85/ gidy gi6i thiéu) - vang tén co quan - CN - TCN (Phong cong nghiép - thi cong nghiép)- khong c6 sé. - 65/ LD - ND (65/ B6 lao dong - nghi dinh) - 97 CT/TU (97, chi thi/ Trung uong) - 22 BYT/TT (22 BO Y té/ thong tu) - LIND - LD (111/nghi dinh - B6 lao dong), C6 nhidu van ban viét theo kiéu cudi cling. Kiéu nay tién hon ca vi né déy di, gon, d6i, dé nhé (dau "7" dé téch chit sO dua len déu, tén van ban & gitta va ngan céich voi ter quan bing dau" °-"), Nhimg chit viét tat tén van ban dt ¢ déu van ban, ngoai t4c dung pi chia hang muc van ban, cdn Fam cho van ban dep vé hinh thie, tiét kiém phuong tién o ngit. Qua cdc vf du vita dan ta thy, viée thong nhat cAch viet tat chiding [A v6 cling can thit Ten dau dé ca céc loai cng van cia ta thudmg ngdn ngon va trang trong. Chang b nghj dinh, nghi quyét, quyét dinh, thong tw, hi¢p w6c. Tuy vay cling cén néu ra mot sé tugng du thiza trong tén dfu dé cia cic van ban sy vu cita mot sé co quan cp thdp var dan. Vi du : - Lé ra chi cn viet "hop déng" thi c6 ché viet "gidy hop déng”. Chi cén viet ” ban" vi cé ché Iai viét "bien ban giao nan - Lé ra chi nén viet "gidy wrigu tap’, viet "gidy trigu tap hop", "héa don ban hang" Ten ddu dé nén dat ngdn ngon va théng nhat theo timg loai. Vi du: ~ Ta d& cé logi van ban goi 1A "gidy” thi chi cin Om mot tir hop véi ndi dung van dat vio sau: gidy mdi (b4o, chimg nh§n, khai sinh, bién nbn, két bOn, ching minh). M¢ van ban trudc kia goi 1A "thé" thi may dugc thay bing "gidy". Digu dé chimg 16 ring " dang Idi vao vén tir tieu cuc, vi ngay nay ta khong viel tren thé nit. + Ta di c6 loai van ban goi 14 "don" thi chi can dat mot tir, ngit ngin gon vao sau xin phép (dat hang, thuéc). Hién nay cong cudc cai t8 va mé cita, kinh té dang duoc tién hanh va dat duge n. théng Ioi. Sx phét trién cia nén kinh t€ qudc dan cling v6i nhip do phat trién nhanh chong Khoa hoc ky thuat cng ngay cng ddi hoi sy giao dich thudmg xuyén va phong phil tren ti 4c Tinh vuc di sng, kinh t€, xa hoi. ‘Nhu cdu chudn héa ng6n ngi hanh chinh cong vu chang nhimg dp img sy tién Io oon mang gid trj vé higu qua kinh t€. Vi tinh chat dé chiing t6i dé nghi: ‘héa don" hogc “don ban hang" la dit thi cé 22~ Han ch€ vige sir dung tir Hén - Viet trong cc logi van bin véi mic dao dong = y6i téng s6 tir cla van ban). = Trénh dat ra cdc tir Han - Viet xa la v6i ngudi Viet hien dai. - Trénh viet dai, Trénh dura cdc tir ngit biéu cim vao phong céch hanh chinh cong vu. = Thong nhat nguyén téc viet t4t cho timg nganh. - Dat tén déu dé ngan gon theo timg loai cu thé. = Xay dumg cc khuon mau én dinh cho céc loai van ban hanh chinh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Ch. Bally. Phong cach hoc tiéng Phép. M, 1961 2. Amold LV. Phong cach hoc tiéng Auh hign dai. L, 1973 3. Golub LB. Phong cdich hoc tiéng Nga hién dai. M, 1976 4, Godina N.M. Phong cdch hoc tiéng Nga. M, 1977 5. Dinh Trong Lac, Nguyén Thdi Hda. Thue hanh phong cich hoc tiéng Viet. Ha Noi , 1993 H6 Lé, Vé van dé chudn muc ngon ngi. Tap chi Ngon ngit s6 1(1972) Hoang Tué. Mot s6 van dé vé chudn myc héa ng6n ngit. Tap chi Ng6n ngit s6 3 - 4, (1979). 8. Nguyén Dire Dan. Phuong phép thdng ké va mt sO van dé chudn muc ting Viet “Nhiing vain dé ngén ngit hoc Viet Nam”, HANOi , 1981. 9. Nguyén Kim Than, Ban vé chudn héa ting Viét van hoc ngay nay, "Nhing van 68 ngon ngir hoc Vigt Nam". Ha Ni, 1981. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Soc., Sci t. XI, PROBLEM OF REGULATION OF LANGUAGE IN ADMINISTRATIVE STYLE HUU DAT College of Sovial Sciences & Humanities - VNU In this report, it is concerned with characteristics of the administrative style of nese. It researches the activity of the Chino - Vietnamese words, the activity of the ions and the popularly abbreviate forms in the newspapers and the administrative ‘The statistical result showed that, the Chino - Vietnamese words in the administrative .xist more than in the literary style. ‘The interjections and abbreviate form in the administrative style that people used to use arelessly. ‘ ‘hen, in the report, there are some proposals for regulation of language in administrative 23