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Faculty of Legal Studies

END-SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 2022
Law of International Organizations
20 June 2022

Please respond to any four of the following:

1. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are members of an international organization. A and B are

developed countries. While C, D, E are developing countries, F, G and H are least-
developed countries. In 2007, they all agreed on some matters of cooperation contained
in a treaty which provides for a periodic assessment and decision-making by voting in
case there is no consensus. A and B have been resisting voting demanded by all other
members after 2015 as the first assessment had become due by the end of 2012. A and
B assert that the efforts to reach a consensus are continuing. A is also a member of the
Security Committee of another international organization of which C, E, F and H are also
members. B is a member of an organization from which D and G have received military
assistance. A and B are members of an international financial consortium which certifies
balance of payments conditions of developing countries. E and H are seeking
membership of a scientific international organization of which A and B are members of
the Governing Council. Advance claims, raise legal arguments and decide. All countries
are parties to all relevant international instruments.

2. A, a national of State B, moves the Supreme Court of B, complaining democratic

deficit and diminution of sovereignty as a consequence of B’s membership of an
international organization which has obligated B to criminalize an undefined
international conduct in national law. A also fears persecution of minorities and denial
of due process of law. Advance claims, raise legal arguments and decide. B is a
constitutional democracy with a written constitution and is party to all relevant
international instruments.

3. Critically comment on any one outstanding issue of the relation of the United
Nations and regional organizations with reference to the South Asian countries.

4. A, B, C of the ethnic group of D were killed once they had been asked to leave and
had left a place of worship and refuge under the protection of a protection force of an
international organization E. D sues F, which is a state militarily contributing to the
protection force. F resists on the ground that the attribution requirements have not
been met and that, even if these requirements have been met, a wrongful conduct
may not have been attributed to it without its joint attribution to the international
organization. The courts of F have accepted the immunity of E. Later, D also brings an
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action against E before the internal mechanism of E for alleged acts of misconduct and
core human rights violations attributable to the officials of E which may not have been
attributed to F as a separate legal entity. Advance claims, raise legal arguments and
decide. D is also a citizen of F and F is party to all relevant international instruments.

5. A is an instructor in a Research and Teaching Institute (RTI) established by countries B,

C, D and E by a treaty which has the force of law in B by an Act of B’s legislature. All RTI
instructors enjoy immunity from legal process in B. G, a graduate student, moves a court
in B against A for allegedly not taking online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and
for allegedly deputizing F, his research student, for taking those classes. A cites his
undefined heavy research work and pleads immunity. Later, H, an RTI employee
complains to the RTI Director that A has engaged graduate students outside of the
classes but within the premises of RTI on an issue which has been considered by B to be
its internal affair. There is a Headquarters Agreement between B and RTI which, while
according privileges and immunities to RTI instructors, imposes a duty on them to
respect the laws and regulations of B. A pleads an undefined academic freedom as a
functional immunity. And, finally, J, a researcher at RTI, resists persistent attempts by A
to disclose his future research plan before notification of the result of his current work
as per the Research Ordinance of RTI. A pleads an undefined streamlining of research
plans as a professional privilege. Advance claims, raise legal arguments and decide. RTI
immunities and privileges in B are governed by an extention of the Privileges and
Immunities Act of B to RTI and acknowledged by the said Act of B’s legislature. A is a
citizen of B and B, C, D and E are parties to all relevant international instruments which,
as per a rule of RTI, will prevail over national legislations in case of a conflict between
them.

Please reproduce in Bold each of your selections and before typing each of your
responses.

You are requested to use:

12-font size

Calibri, Arial, Times New Roman, Georgia, Cambria, Century or Verdana

font

Single spacing

References need not be full and may well be indicative, such as:

ICJ in Expenses held that… or “such expenditures must be tested by their

relationship to the Purposes…” (ICJ, Expenses)
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The Word file of your responses to be attached may be named as “LIO Exam
2022_your name exactly as on SAU record”.

The subject column of your email forwarding the attached Word file of your responses
may also be named as “LIO Exam 2022_your name exactly as on SAU record”.

Please timely email your answers at fafls@sau.int