CHAPTER 3

Good Governance
Administrative Structure and

SLO NO. 3.1 Discuss the distribution of Power

with reference to 1973 Constitution (Defense,
foreign policy, finance, health, sanitation,
education and tourism)
• The Constitution 1973 before the
introduction of 18th amendment (2010) had
two lists of powers/subjects/areas where
federal and provinces could use their
authority and make laws
(legislation)----The Federal List and the
Concurrent/shared/common List
• The federal government could make laws in
67 areas or departments which could not be
shared with provinces---it had exclusive
 authority to make legislation(laws) related
to those subjects/departments.
• Provincial governments were given 47 areas
to make laws, but federal government could
also share those areas or powers by making
laws (legislation) if needed.
• After the 18th amendment the concurrent
list has been removed giving the exclusive
authority to the provinces to make
legislation in those areas—However if the
Federal Government finds that the
Province/s is/ are not using or misusing
these powers it has right to intervene.
After 18th Amendment (2010)
Devolved/Transferred Ministries
The following ministries were devolved at
federal level and were given to the provinces:
• Ministry of Education became Ministry of
Federal Education and Professional Training
• Ministry of Archaeology and Culture
became Ministry of Culture
• Ministry of environment became Ministry of
Climate Change
• Ministry of health became Ministry of
National HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_
National_Health_Services,_Regulation_and
_Coordination"of_National_Health_Services
,_Regula
• Ministry of special initiatives abolished at
federal level.
• Ministry of labour and manpower
became Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis
• Ministry of local government and rural
development abolished at federal level.
• Ministry of minorities’ affairs merged with
the Ministry of Religious Affairs
• Ministry of population welfare abolished at
federal level.
• Ministry of social welfare and special
education abolished at federal level.
• Ministry of sports became Pakistan Sports
Board at federal level and given to
provinces.
• Ministry of tourism's powers given
to Pakistan Tourism Development
Corporation
• Ministry of women development abolished
at federal level.
• Ministry of youth affairs abolished at federal
level.
• Ministry of Zakat and Ushr abolished at
federal level given to provinces.
SLO NO.3.2 Explain the concept of local
self-government.
• The empowerment of locally elected
representatives for the small scale welfare
management and effective and quick
administration of local affairs ---sanitation,
collection and removal of solid waste,
maintenance of health units, parks, roads,
bridges, water supply, street lights,
registration of births, deaths and
marriages--- is called Local Self
Government.
• Local self-Government can also be defined
as administration of local areas run by its
elective representatives.
Objectives Of Local Self-Government
• To mobilize the local community for small
scale welfare management.
 • To create sense of ownership among the
masses about the administrative affairs.
• To decentralize the authority and
devolution/transfer of powers to the grass
root level.

Functions Of Local Self-Government

• To manage solid waste/garbage—collection,

removal and disposal
• To maintain sanitation, public parks,
libraries, basic health units, family welfare
clinics, roads and bridges.
• To register births, deaths and marriages
• To manage water supply and drainage
system
• To manage and look after the
slaughterhouse-activities
 • To manage firefighting and civil defense
service
Sources of Income of Local Self-Government
• Fee for registration and certificates of birth,
death, marriage and divorce
• Advertisements through Hoarding and
billboard
• Fee for Parking vehicles and slaughtering
animals
• Tolls on roads and bridges and carriages
• Fee for issuance of licenses
• Tax on annual value of building and land
• Tax on transfer of immovable property

Advantages of Local Self – Government

• It serves as nurseries for political training
• It brings efficiency in the administration as
the local representatives are aware of the
local issues and are capable enough to solve
them quickly.
• It reduces the administrative burden and
responsibilities of national and provincial
governments.
• It offers a door-step solution to local issues.
• It activates people particularly the rural
community to take part in small scale
welfare management.
• It develops and polishes the administrative
and political skills of the locals which help
them to be a helping hand in provincial and
national affairs.
• It gives people an active participation in
local affairs.
Disadvantages/Demerits of Local
Self-Government
• Local Government may lead to regional
politics as local representatives get so much
involved in dealing with their local issues
that they do not think about or care for the
national politics and issues.
• Insufficient funds- this problem hinders the
actual purpose of self-government due to
limited financial powers.
• Large landowners and landlords tend to use
money and muscle power to win and rule
corruptly.
• It may use to legitimize the military
governments particularly in the third world
countries
SLO NO.3.3 Critique the local government
system introduced by the military rulers Ayub
Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharraf.
Ayubian Local Body System
• Ayub Khan introduced the local
self-government under Local Bodies
Ordinance 1959 which was renamed as
Basic Democracies.
• His system was divided into 4 Councils
• The Councils were technically called
Administrative Tiers/levels
• The Lowest/smallest council was called
Union Council
• The Tehsil Council was next to Union
Council.
• District /Zila Council was next to Tehsil
Council.
• Divisional Council was next to District/Zila
Council and it was the highest
tier/administrative level of the system.
 Functions Of Councils
• Union council had to manage local
administrative affairs----Sanitation, health,
garbage collection, maintenance of public
parks, roads and bridges.
• The UCs also had to manage judicial,
economic and agricultural and industrial
issues related to the locality.
• UC was to make sure communication and
food production development in their areas.
• The Tehsil Council had to act as a
coordinating body between UCs
(non-official members and Tehsil councils
(official members).
• The District council had to perform vast
financial and executive functions.
• It (District Council) could impose taxes, had
to maintain and look after schools, libraries,
hospitals, public playgrounds.
• Divisional Council would serve as an
Institution to establish coordination among
district council
• All the councils (particularly the UCs were
called the basic democracies and had to
serve as an electoral college to elect the
members of provincial and national
assemblies and the President himself.
• Under Basic Democracy, the country was
divided into 80,000 wards (single member
constituencies of 1,000 to 1,200 people
each) to elect a "Basic Democrat" on a
non-party basis.
Criticism:

To Control Over Federal Units

• In creating these local bodies, Ayub's intent
was not to decentralize or democratize
authority but to extend centralized control
over the federal units through a new grass
roots political base.

To manipulate Local Power Structure

• The scheme was remarkably well

orchestrated/designed for extending direct
patronage to, and manipulation of local
power structures.
To Isolate the National Political Parties
 • Controlling access to the state's resources,
the district bureaucracy was able to
penetrate and manipulate local politics by
dealing directly with the new elite,
bypassing politicians and political parties
and thus isolating them from the general
electorate.
• In this System, governance was
depoliticized and localized under the control
of centrally appointed bureaucrats.

Zia’s Local Body System

• Zia introduced his local body system under
local body Ordinance based on provincial
Local body ordinances in 1979.
• Zia established three tiers of local
government in rural areas: Union Councils
(consisting of villages), Tehsil (sub-district)
committees and Zila (district) Councils. ---in
some rural areas tehsils were not
functioning.

• In urban areas, Town Committees were

established for towns with populations
between 5,000 and 30,000
• Municipal Committees for towns with a
population up to 250,000-300000(Sindh),
10000-10000(Baluchistan)
20000—50000(Punjab)
• Municipal Corporations
Population up to 5lac---- 11 cities of Pakistan
were declared as Municipal corporation

• Metropolitan Corporations
Population ranging from 5(half million)
lac---25(2.5 million) lac were declared as
metropolitan Corporation

Functions of Councils
• Like the BD scheme, Zia's local councils
were not entrusted with general
administration, law and order or policing,
which were retained by civil bureaucrats
(commissioners and deputy commissioners)
who also served as ex officio, nonvoting,
members of these councils.
• Unlike the BD system, Zia's local
government officials did not form an
electoral college for provincial or national
assemblies or the presidency

• Elections to union councils/town

committees were held in 1979, 1983, and
1987 on a non-party basis.

• 80 per cent of members elected by

universal adult suffrage and 20 per cent
 reserved for peasants, workers, tenants,
and women.

• Councillors served as the electoral college

for choosing the heads (chairmen and vice
chairmen) of zila and tehsil councils

Functions of Councils
• The main responsibility of the local councils
was to manage small-scale public welfare
and development activities (water supply,
sanitation, maintenance and management
of hospitals and schools) in their
jurisdictions.
• The list of council functions was extensive,
but the revenue base was limited despite
the delegation of some taxation powers by
provincial governments.
Criticism:
• The primary motivations for Zia to:
• create local bodies was to legitimize the
military government
• broaden its(military) support base beyond
the military
• use the newly created and pliable (easily be
influenced) local elite to undermine
its(military) political opponents.
• The new local elites formed the core of Zia's
rubber stamp parliament, elected in
non-party national elections in 1985.

Musharraf ’s Local Body System

• Out of a-Seven Point Democratic Reform
Agenda of Musharraf one of them was
devolving/transferring power to the grass
 roots level which was implemented as
Devolution of Power Plan in 2001.
• The task to design local self-government
(Devolution of Power) was given to an
institution known as National
Reconstruction Bureau (NRB).

• Musharraf himself explained the prime

objective of his local self-government
system as to place in the hands of the
people the power to shape their own
destiny.

• His system was divided into THREE

administrative Tiers and there was no rural
and urban divide which was presented in
Zia’s system of local bodies in 1979.
• The smallest Tier was called Union Council,
the middle Tier was Tehsil/Town Council,
the highest Tier was called District/Zila
Council.

• Members of the Union Council (comprising

26 members) were to be elected directly by
adult franchise and would also act as the
electoral college for reserved seats.

• The seats on the Union Council were

allocated as follows: sixteen general seats,
eight seats for peasants/workers, and two
for minority communities. Half the seats in
each of the three categories were reserved
for women.
 • local elections would be non-partisan
(non-party base) to discourage petty
political rivalries at district level

• The tehsil (sub-district) government was to

have overall responsibility for basic
municipal services.
Unique Features:
• The District Police Officer (DPO) was
answerable to the City Myer/nazim
• The post of Deputy commissioners and
assistant commissioners were replaced with
District Nazim and Naib nazim.
• In District Council Executive District Officer
was to head each Government department
and answerable to District Nazim .
• The Town Police Officer (TMO) was
answerable to Town Nazim
 • Voting age criteria was 18 and Candidates
had to be 25 of age.
• Citizens Community Boards—to actively
involve and energize the community for
development and improvement in service
delivery---helping the poor, handicapped,
widows etc.

• In general seats women had 50%

representation and in women Reserved
Seats their share was fixed as 33% in all
councils.

Functions
• The main function of the Union Councils
was to undertake local development
projects and monitor "citizens' rights,
security and services.it had to collect and
 maintain statistical information for
socio-economic surveys, register births and
deaths, marriages, establish and maintain
libraries, regulate grazing areas, sanitation,
parks.
• Tehsil Councils could approve taxes, by-laws
and short-term development plans,
maintain municipal record and archives,
• District governments/Councils provided
significant financial resources through
federal and provincial grants and tax
powers.

Criticism:
• Keen to end its isolation, the military
government's strategies included the
ostensible devolution of power to civilians
 at the local level even as it maintained
control of the real levers of state power,
those at provincial and national levels. Local
governments were intended to establish the
military's democratic credentials and
confirm its intent eventually to restore
civilian rule.
• Another key motivation was to create new
elites to undermine an marginalize/sideline
political adversary.
• His (Musharraf’s) political opponents
regarded his Devolution plan as a shelter to
extend military control over the provinces.

SLO NO. Analyze the merits and demerits

of the system of local bodies in different
political eras of Pakistan.
 Conclusion:

Demerits
All Pakistan’s military rulers wanted to
legitimize their Rule through local self-
government.
• In all forms of Local self -government the
distrust of military rulers towards the
party-politics/involvement of national
political parties was visible and they tried to
sideline or marginalize their role by holding
elections for their system on non-party
basis.

Merits
• Despite their weaknesses the local
self-governments in Pakistan did:
• activate locals in community service,
 • small-scale welfare management
• polish their administrative skills in local
management
• train them for provincial and national
political life and participation.
• offer a door-step solution to the locals by
their own representatives.

SLO NO. Discuss the characteristics of Islamic

state established by the Holy Prophet (Peace
Be Upon Him) and Hazrat Umar (May Allah Be
pleased with Him)

State of Medina Under Hazrat Muhammad

(Peace Be Upon Him)
• The Holy Prophet (Peace be Upon Him)
established the first Islamic state in Medina
after migration to Medina in 622 AD.
• The foundation of the Islamic State was
based on an agreement among Muslims,
Jews, and Pagans(polytheists) known as
Constitution/Charter of Medina or Umma
Document.
• The Charter of Medina had 47 points or
articles.
• The first 23 articles were related to the
Muslim Community and the second 24
articles were related to Jews and
Pagans---the non-Muslim community.
• There were two main objectives of
implementation of Charter of Medina----to
end the ongoing tribal conflict and hostility
 in which Jews and pagans were involved
and to determine the rights and
responsibilities of about 10000 citizens of a
multi-religious state—Medina

Features/Characteristics of
State of Medina
• Sovereignty would rest with Allah the
Almighty who is the master of entire
universe.

• Muhammad (peace be Upon Him) would

serve as the final authority in all
administrative and executive matters.
• Quran and the actions/practices of Hazrat
Muhammad (peace be Upon Him) would
serve as sources of law in the State.
•
• The rights of religious minorities (Jews
and Pagans) would be protected and
ensured.

• The State of Medina would enjoy the

status of Haram (sacred/place) where no
blood of peoples—including the parties
who signed the Charter would be spilled.

• The Citizens (Muslims and non-Muslims)

would have freedom of religious beliefs
and practices.

• Social, political and economic securities

would be ensured.
• Securing the borders of the city/State
would a common responsibility shared by
all citizens of the city.

• Such environment would be established

and encouraged in which the values of
equality, mutual care and peaceful
coexistence would exist and flourish.

• Collection of Zakat and Usher (land Tax)

would be ensured form Muslim citizens.

• Good governance which could ensure the

maximum level of welfare and security of
the citizens and state.
• The Non-Muslim citizens would be
declared as Zimmies—whose life,
property and honor would be ensured by
the State and in turn an annual tax known
as JIZYA would be collected from them.

• Rights of women and slaves would be

protected.

• Highest level of rule of law would be

maintained and body equality before the
law would be ensured.

• Ban on use of alcohol and interest-taking

practice would strictly be prohibited.

• Justice without discrimination would be

ensured.
 • Representatives of all parties, Muslim or
non-Muslim, should be present when
consultation occurs or in cases of
negotiation with foreign states.

Features/Characteristics of
State of Medina Under Hazrat
Umar (May Allah Be pleased with
Him)
• Most of the features of Sate of Medina were
similar than those of Hazrat Muhammad
(Peace Be Upon Him).
• There were some Administrative and
economic reforms which were introduced
by Hazrat Umer(May Allah Be Pleased with
Him)

Administrative and Economic Reforms

• Division of State of Medina into Provinces
(first into 8 then to 12 provinces)
• Appointment of Governor as an
administrative head of each province.
• Provinces would further be divided into 100
districts and head of each District would be
called Wali
• Katib(Chief Secretary) were appointed for
effective administration in each province
• Strict check and balance on Government
officials through their Accountibility
• Establishment of Bayt al-mâl or public
treasury and the head of this institution was
 called Sahib-bait-ul Mal (Treasury Officer)

• Sahi-bul Kharaj(Revenue collectors) were

appointed to collect the taxes
• Organization of the Police Department and
the head/chief would be called Sahib-ul
Ahdath
• He established number of government
offices/departments would be called
DEWAN
• He established Census System--- made sure
the number of people living in Islamic state.
• He established Shura(Council of
Advisors)—divided into Higher
Advisory(part of all important decision
making process) and General Advisory
Council (part of general decision making
process)
• Establishment of Bayt al-mâl or public
treasury
•
Establishment of courts of justice and
appointment of judges
• The determination of the Hijra calendar
which continues to this day

• Assumption of the title of Amîr al-Mu’minîn

• Organization of the War Department
• Putting army reserves on the payroll
• introduction of organized Postal System
• Establishment of the Land Revenue
Department
• Building of Canals
• Founding of the cities of Kufa, Basra,
al-Jazira, Fustat, and Musal
• Survey and assessment of lands

Sources of Income of the STATE

The Major sources of Income were the
TAXES
• Zakat—taken from the rich and wealthy
Muslims
• Ushr---Special annual land tax collected
from the Muslims on their annual
agricultural produce (10%)
• Sadaqat—money given voluntarily in the
way of Allah to seek HIS pleasure.
• Ghanima—War booty--- Income from the
conquered places in the war
• Jizya—(Defense Tax ) tax on non-Muslims
living in the limits of Islamic State
• Ushoor—a land tax/property tax on
Muslims (5 %) and Non-Muslims (10 %)
•
•
SLO NO. Analyze the last sermon of the Holy
Prophet as the most comprehensive charter
of Human Rights.

ANS.
• Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) gave his last

sermon, (Khutbatul Wada)’, on the 10th year of the Hijra on the

ninth day of Dhul Hijjah at Mount Arafat.

“O People, lend me an attentive

ear, for I know not whether after
this year, I shall ever be amongst
you again. Therefore, listen to
what I am saying to you very
carefully and take these words to
those who could not be present
here today.
O People, just as you regard this
month, this day, this city as
Sacred, so regard the life and
property of every Muslim as a
sacred trust. Return the goods
entrusted to you to their rightful
owners. Hurt no one so that no
one may hurt you. Remember that
you will indeed meet your Lord,
and that He will indeed reckon
your deeds. ALLAH has forbidden
you to take usury (interest),
therefore all interest obligation
shall henceforth be waived. Your
capital, however, is yours to keep.
You will neither inflict nor suffer
any inequity. Allah has judged that
there shall be no interest and that
all the interest due to Abbas ibn
Abdul Muttalib (Prophet’s uncle)
shall henceforth be waived…
Beware of Satan, for the safety of
your religion. He has lost all hope
that he will ever be able to lead
you astray in big things, so
beware of following him in small
things.
O People, it is true that you have
certain rights with regard to your
women, but they also have rights
over you. Remember that you have
taken them as your wives only
under Allah’s trust and with His
permission. If they abide by your
right then to them belongs the
right to be fed and clothed in
kindness. Do treat your women
well and be kind to them for they
are your partners and committed
helpers. And it is your right that
they do not make friends with any
one of whom you do not approve,
as well as never to be unchaste.
O People, listen to me in earnest,
worship Allah, say your five daily
prayers (Salah), fast during the
month of Ramadan, and give your
wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you
can afford to.
All mankind is from Adam and
Eve, an Arab has no superiority
over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab
has any superiority over an Arab;
also a white has no superiority
over black nor a black has any
superiority over white except by
piety and good action. Learn that
every Muslim is a brother to every
Muslim and that the Muslims
constitute one brotherhood.
Nothing shall be legitimate to a
Muslim which belongs to a fellow
Muslim unless it was given freely
and willingly. Do not, therefore, do
injustice to yourselves.
Remember, one day you will
appear before Allah and answer
your deeds. So beware, do not
stray from the path of
righteousness after I am gone.
O People, no prophet or apostle
will come after me and no new
faith will be born. Reason well,
therefore, O People, and
understand words which I convey
to you. I leave behind me two
things, the QURAN and my
example, the SUNNAH and if you
follow these you will never go
astray.
All those who listen to me shall
 pass on my words to others and
those to others again; and may the
last ones understand my words
better than those who listen to me
directly. Be my witness, O Allah,
that I have conveyed your
message to your people.”
—
 Main Features of Last Sermon

Sanctity of Muslim
O People, just as you regard this
month, this day, this city as
Sacred, so regard the life and
property of every Muslim as a
sacred trust.
Right to Property

Return the goods entrusted to you

to their rightful owners.

Right To Life
Hurt no one so that no one may
hurt you. Remember that you will
indeed meet your Lord, and that
He will indeed reckon your deeds.

Prohibition On Interest
ALLAH has forbidden you to take
usury (interest), therefore all
interest obligation shall
henceforth be waived. Your
capital, however, is yours to keep.
You will neither inflict nor suffer
any inequity. Allah has judged that
there shall be no interest and that
all the interest due to Abbas ibn
Abdul Muttalib (Prophet’s uncle)
shall henceforth be waived…

Beware of Satan, for the safety of

your religion. He has lost all hope
that he will ever be able to lead
you astray in big things, so
beware of following him in small
things.

Protection of Women
Rights
O People, it is true that you have
certain rights with regard to your
women, but they also have rights
over you. Remember that you have
taken them as your wives only
under Allah’s trust and with His
permission. If they abide by your
right then to them belongs the
right to be fed and clothed in
kindness. Do treat your women
well and be kind to them for they
are your partners and committed
helpers. And it is your right that
they do not make friends with any
one of whom you do not approve,
as well as never to be unchaste.

O People, listen to me in earnest,

worship Allah, say your five daily
prayers (Salah), fast during the
month of Ramadan, and give your
wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you
can afford to.

No Racial Superiority
All mankind is from Adam and
Eve, an Arab has no superiority
over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab
has any superiority over an Arab;
also a white has no superiority
over black nor a black has any
superiority over white except by
piety and good action.
Muslim Brotherhood
Learn that every Muslim is a
brother to every Muslim and that
the Muslims constitute one
brotherhood. Nothing shall be
legitimate to a Muslim which
belongs to a fellow Muslim unless
it was given freely and willingly.
Do not, therefore, do injustice to
yourselves.
Accountability Infront Of
God
Remember, one day you will
appear before Allah and answer
your deeds. So beware, do not
stray from the path of
righteousness after I am gone.

Quran and Sunnah as

Guides

I leave behind me two things, the

QURAN and my example, the
SUNNAH and if you follow these
you will never go astray.
All those who listen to me shall
pass on my words to others and
those to
6 POINTS TO REMEMBER FROM
PROPHET MUHAMMAD’S LAST
SERMON
With Hajj season and Eid-ul-Adha around the corner, it is only befitting
to reflect on the beautiful words of our beloved Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH). Words spoken to be heard by the heart and implemented in
our daily lives.
The words of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are direct. They are
powerful, beautiful and easy to understand by anyone on any level.
The whole Khutbah (sermon) is a gem and a reminder of our
responsibility and accountability to Allah the Almighty

1. HURT NO ONE, SO THAT NO ONE HURTS YOU.

That moment when the Prophet’s last sermon begins with declaring
the sanctity of life and property and the importance of treating your
fellow Muslim as a sacred trust. #HumanityGoals.
That brings me to the next point.
2. BE KIND TO WOMEN.
That sacred trust and sanctity of life applies to women as well. And if
that woman happens to be your wife, understand that she is your
partner and companion not your subservient.
Yes, it’s a beautiful balancing act. The relationship is a give and take
of love, kindness and responsibility to Allah and each other.
3. FOLLOW QUR’AN AND SUNNAH.
Too often our own flawed opinions and ideologies cloud our minds.
We form opinions based off of our limited perspective or what
everyone else is doing or what our culture tells us to do and we forget
to search for the truth.
Of what Allah tells us to do, of what the Prophet has shown us. Follow
Qur’an and Sunnah.
4. BEWARE OF SATAN AND THE SMALL SINS.
The Prophet (PBUH) warns us of the small sins that will lead us
astray. The ones that appear to be minimal.
You know, when you shouldn’t do something, but you do it anyway
because it’s just that “one time?”
Those are the ones that turn into habits. The ones
that Shaitan (Satan) has planted, watered (with like acid or something)
and watched grow. May Allah protect us from the evil
of Shaitan. Ameen.
5. FOLLOW THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM.
Well, they aren’t called pillars for nothing. Literally, the foundation of
Muslim life. Not much to say here but erect some pillars for ya.
• The belief in the Oneness of Allah and that the Prophet is the
last Messenger.
• Establishing the five daily prayers. Make Salah!
 • Giving Charity (Zakat).
• Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
• For those who are able, performing Hajj.
I’ll also just leave this here to sit on your heart and soul.
6. STAY AWAY FROM RACISM FOLLOW TAQWAH.

“All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority

over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an
Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has
any superiority over white except by piety and good action.”
Such a statement is so relevant and needed hundreds of years from
when it was made. we currently have bigotry and superiority
complexes inciting violence, demanding walls be built, murdering
human beings in the streets and so much more.
I know, how can there be more? Yet another reason why the Prophet’s
words (PBUH) are so poignant and so on time in shedding light on
what truly makes one person different from the next — and guess
what? It isn’t directed towards the color of their skin or the social class
they belong in.
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gave his last sermon, Khutbatul Wada’,
on the 10th year of the Hijra on the ninth day of Dhul Hijjah at Mount
Arafat.
Because my words will never be good enough, here is our beloved
Prophet’s (PBUH) last sermon. After giving praise and thanks to Allah
the Prophet (PBUH) continued with:

Significance Of Last
Sermon of Our Holy
Prophet ‫)صلی ہللا علیہ و آلہ وسلم‬
Khutabah Hajjatul-Wida` is in fact the First
Human Charter which was given by the
Messenger of Allah (‫ )صلی ہللا علیہ و آلہ وسلم‬to
the whole mankind on 9th of Zul-Hajj 10th
AH. / February, 632 AD. While standing on
the Jabal al-Rahmat in the Valley of `Arafat.
It was a sermon so sincere and serene, yet so
melodious and thought provoking and giving
to mankind fundamental and guiding
principles concerning the rights of humanity
whereby life at all levels could be reformed
and set right at individual, collective,
national, international and universal level for
all time s to come. This Farewell Address of
the Messenger of Allah (‫)صلی ہللا علیہ و آلہ وسلم‬
has got the status of Universal Manifesto for
whole mankind. As he is the Messenger of
Allah and Last of all the Prophets (‫صلی ہللا علیہ‬
‫ )و آلہ وسلم‬so this address is the Last Word on
the subject of Human Rights.