1.

Positive Emotions:
● Joy
● Gratitude
● Excitement
● Contentment

Negative Emotions:
● Anger
● Sadness
● Fear
● Frustration

2. Emotional Theories:
a. James-Lange Theory: This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of
physiological reactions to events. In other words, you feel an emotion because of the
physical changes happening in your body.
● Positive Event (Winning a Competition): According to the James-Lange theory,
winning a competition might lead to physiological changes such as increased
heart rate, elevated adrenaline levels, and smiling. These physical sensations then
trigger the emotional response of joy or excitement.
● Negative Event (Getting Rejected): When experiencing rejection, physiological
responses like increased heart rate, sweating, and tensed muscles might occur.
These bodily changes then contribute to feelings of sadness or anger.

b. Cannon-Bard Theory: This theory posits that emotions and physiological reactions
occur simultaneously, rather than one causing the other. It suggests that emotions and
bodily responses are independent but happen at the same time.
● Positive Event (Receiving Unexpected Good News): In response to unexpected
good news, both emotional joy and physiological responses like smiling and
elevated heart rate occur simultaneously, according to the Cannon-Bard theory.
● Negative Event (Being in a Dangerous Situation): In a dangerous situation,
feelings of fear and physiological reactions like increased heart rate and sweating
happen simultaneously, according to the Cannon-Bard theory.

c. Schachter-Singer Theory (Two-Factor Theory): This theory suggests that emotions are
determined by both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal of the situation. In
other words, we interpret our bodily responses and the context of the situation to label
our emotions.
● Positive Event (Graduating from College): After graduating from college,
physiological arousal such as increased heart rate may occur.
● Negative Event (Losing a Job): Losing a job can lead to physiological arousal such
as increased heart rate and sweating.