iy iid v) vy vii) iii) files MAKERERE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGIN FRING MEC 2204: MATEKIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1 TEST MARCH 12, 2019 Time allowed: Thour + 45 minutes Attempt all Questions Question One: Choose the correct answer(s) (IS marks) Which of the following bond types are classified as primary bonds (3 correct options)? (3 marks) {ayCovalent bonding. (hy hydrogen bonding, (c) ionic bondin; van der Waals forces (d) metallic bonding. and (e Which one of the following crystal structures has the fewest slip directions and therefore the metals with this structure are generally more difficult to deform at room temperature? (1 mark) (a) BCC. (b) FOC, or (c) HCP. Grain boundaries are considered as defects in a crystal structure. Under which of the following categories do grain boundaries lie? ({ mark) (a) Dislocation. (b) Frenkel defect. (c) line detects. (d) point defects. or (e) surface defects, Which of the following statements are true about twinning (3 correct answers)? (3 marks) (a) [is an elastic deformation, (b) it is a mechanism of plastic deformation. (c) it is more likely at high deformation rates. (d) it is more likely in metals with HCP structure. (e) it is a slip mechanism. and (1) it is a type of dislocation. The predominant phase in the iron-carbon alloy system for a composition with 99% Fe at room temperature is which of the following? (1 mark), (a) Austenite, (b) Cementite, (c) delta. (d) ferrite. or (e) gamma Polymers are characterized by which of the following bonding types (2 correct options)? ( 2 mark) (ayAdhesive. (b) covalent, (c) hydrogen. (d) ionic, (e) metallic, and (F) van der Waals. Which of the following properties or characteristics are inconsistent with the metals (2 correct answers)? (2 marks) (a) Good thermal conductivity. (b) high strength, (c) high electrical resistivity. (d) high stiffness. or (e) ionic bonding, Which of the following are point defects in a crystal lattice structure (2 correct answers)? (2 marks) 2e dislocation, (b) interstitialcy, (¢) Schottky defect. or (d) grain boundary.Question Two (20 Marks) a What is the difference between crystalline and noncrystalline structures in moterials? (2 marks) b Define the difference between elastic and plastic deformation in terms of the effect on the crystal lattice structure. (2 marks) ©) How do grain boundaries contribute to the strain hardening phenomenon in metals? (2 marks) 4) Distinguish between a substitutional solid solution and an interstitial solid solution. (2 marks) -°) Temperature °C Use the attached lead-tin phase diagram to answer the following questions ') For the lead-tin phase diagram in the attached figure, is it possible to design a solder (lead-tin alloy) with a melting point of 260°C (500°F). If so, what would be its nominal composition? (4 marks) Using the lead-tin phase diagram, determine the liquid and solid phase compositions for a nominal composition of 40% Sn and 60% Pb at 204°C (400°F). (2 marks) For the preceding problem, use the inverse lever rule to determine the proportions of liquid and solid phases present in the alloy.(4 marks) iv) Using the lead-tin phase diagram, determine the liquid and solid phase compositions for a nominal composition of 90% Sn and 10% Pb at 204°C (400°F). (2 marks) ii) iii) 600 300 500 & 400 © 200 z H.9%Sn | 5 | (362F) tere combosticy) 300 € I | 100 | | | a+l 200 | 100 | 0 O Pb AL tvs fe tovd SaQuestion Three (20 Marks) a) Under what conditions might you expect @ dendritic microstructure to form? Describe the reasons for dendrite growth. (4 marks) b) The Au-Ni binary alloy system shows complete solid solubility above 812°C and a solvus at Jower temperatures. At 300°C the maximum solubility of Ni in Au is 5.6%, and that of Au in Ni is 1%. The melting points of the pure components are: gold, 1064°C and nickel, 1455°C. Use these data to sketch the phase diagram for this system. (6 marks) c) Differentiate between tensile strength and yield strength of a material (2 marks) -- 4) Explain why the properties of polycrystalline materials are most often isotropic. (2 marks) ©) Define the difference between elastic and plastic deformation in terms of the effect on the crystal lattice structure. (2 marks) ) Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.124nm, and an atomic weight of 55.85g/mol. Compute its density. Avogadro's number = 6.023x1023 atoms/mol (4 marks) 3]