SAMPLE PAPER - 4 Class 11 - Physics Time Allowed: 3 hours General Instructions: 1. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections are compulsory. }. Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two marks each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each, ‘There is no overall choice. However, an intemal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt onily one of the choices in such questions. . Use of calculators is not allowed. Section A If energy (E), velocity (u), and force (F) be taken as fundamental quantities, then what are the dimensions of mass? EV] ») (Evy O [Ev] Dov A force acts on a 2 kg object, so that its position is given as a function of time as x = 3t2 + 5. What is the work. done by this force in first 5 seconds? a) 8755 b) 850) ©) 9503 4) 900 A particle is moving along a straight line parallel to x-axis with constant velocity. Its angular momentum about the origin: ) decreases with time >) remains constant ois zero 4) increases with time ‘When a weight of 10 kg is suspended from a copper wire of length 3 m and diameter 0.4 mm, its length increases by 2.4 cm. If the diameter of the wire is doubled, then the extension in its length will be a) 1.2em b) 48cm )7.6em 4) 0.6 cm ‘The given figure shows the motion of a planet around the sun $ in an elliptical orbit with the sun at the focus.‘The shaded areas A and B are also shown in the figure which can be assumed to be equal. Ift; and t, represent the time taken for the planet to move from a to b and c to d respectively, then: a b aurk busy c) from the given information the relation dumb between t; and ty cannot be determined Pressure versus temperature graphs of an ideal gas are as shown in figure. Choose the wrong statement. a) None of these b) Density of gas is decreasing in graph (i). ©) Density of gas is constant in graph (iii). 4) Density of gas is increasing in graph (i). ‘A gas under constant pressure of 4.5 x 10° Pa when subjected to 800 kJ of heat, changes the volume from0.5 ‘(1 m? to 2.0 m®, The change in internal energy of the gas is: ) 5,25 x 1057 ») 1.25 x 1053 ©) 6.75 x 105) 93,25 x 105) If in an experiment for determination of velocity of sound by resonance tube method using a tuning fork of 512 [1] Hz, first resonance was observed at 30.7 em and second was obtained at 63.2 cm, then a maximum possible error in velocity of sound is: a) 51.2 cm/sec b) 1024 cm/sec ©) 161.3 emvsec 4) 204.8 cmvsec ‘A U-tube of uniform cross-section (see Fig) is partially filled with a liquid 1. Another liquid II which does not [1] ‘mix with the liquid 1 is poured into one side. It is found that the liquid levels of the two sides of the tube are the same, while the level of liquid I have risen by 2 cm. If the specific gravity of liquid I is 1.1, the specific gravity of liquid 11 must be aia by 1.05 10 ga ‘The gravitational potential at the centre of a square of side a and four equal masses (m each) placed at the comers of a square is: a0 by) -4y2Seo)-4y2 ) 4y2 11. A cylinder uniform rod of mass M and length Lis pivoted at one end so that it can rotate in a vertical plane (see [1] the figure). There is negligible friction at the pivot. The free end is held vertically above the pivot and then released. The angular acceleration of the rod when it makes an angle @ with the vertical, is w ® Fsind ‘The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of Helium at NTP, from TK to TK is a) $Ngkp(T2-T)) b) ENgkp(T2-T1) ©) 2Ngkp(T2-T) 4) 2N.kw (#) fin an experimental determination of the velocity of sound using a Kundt’s tube, standing waves are set up in the metallic rod as well as in rigid tube containing air, then the sound waves have the same: a) wavelengths b) amplitudes ©) frequencies 4) particle velocities ‘The work done W during an isothermal process in which the gas expands from an initial volume Vj to a final volume V2 is given by: (R is gas constant, Tis temperature) ® ant ios (#4) 9) RWV2-Vadloge (#) ©) R(T - Tose (2) 4 Rroge (#2) ‘The escape velocity of a projectile on the earth’s surface is 11.2 km s“!. A body is projected out with thrice this, speed. The speed of the body far away form the earth will be: a) None of these >) 33.6 kms 931.7 kmst ®) 22.4kms* Assertion (A): During a turn, the value of centripetal force should be less than the limiting frictional force. Reason (R): The centripetal force is provided by the frictional force between the tyres and the road. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct. —_b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A. correct explanation of A. ©) Ais true but R is false. 4d) Ais false but Ris tue, Assertion: Water is more elastic than air. Reason: Air is more compressible than water. 4) Assertion and reason both are correct, }) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct for assertion. explanation for assertion,©) Assertion is correct statement but reason isd) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is, ‘wrong statement correct statement. Assertion (A): Avogadro number isthe number of atoms in one gram mole. Reason (R): Avogadro number is a dimensionless constant. a) Both A and Rare true and Ris the comect. _b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A. correct explanation of A. ©) Aistrue but R is false. 4d) Ais false but R is tue, Section B State the number of significant figures inthe following: i. 6.032 N mv? |. 0,0006032 m= A cricket ball of mass 0.15 kg moving with a speed of 20 ms" is brought to rest by a player in 0.1 s. What is the average force applied by the player? Define the period of revolution. Derive an expression of a period of revolution or time period of the satellite. oR Calculate the escape speed of a body from the solar system from the following data: 4, Mass of the sun = 2 10° kg. |. Separation of the earth from the sun = 1.5 x 10! m, Calculate the value of stress in a wire of steel having a radius of 2 mm of 10 kN of force is applied on it. Calculate the total number of degrees of freedom possessed by the molecules in 1 cm? of Hp gas at temperature 273 K and 1 atm pressure? oR (On the basis of kinetic theory, obtain a definition of absolute zero temperature. A bullet travelling with a velocity of 16 ms“ penetrates a tree trunk and comes to rest in 0.4 m. Find the time taken during the retardation. An aeroplane requires for take off a speed of 80 kmh’, the run on the ground being 100 m. The mass of the aeroplane is 10* kg and the coefficient of friction between the plane and the ground is 0.2. Assume thatthe plane accelerates uniformly during the take off. What is the maximum force required by the engine ofthe plane for take off? Section C ‘The volume of steam produced by 1 g of water at 100°C is 1650 cm?. Calculate the change in internal energy. uring the change of state given J = 4.2 x 107 erg cal"? g = 981 cnv/s2? latent heat of steam = 540 Calig. A pebble of mass 0.05 kg is thrown vertically upwards, Give the direction and magnitude of the net force on the pebble, a. during its upward motion, b. during its downward motion, cat the highest point where it is momentarily at rest. Do your answers change if the pebble was thrown at an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction? Ignore air resistance. ‘The flow rate of water is 0.58 L/mm from a tap of diameter of 1.30 em. After some time, the flow rate isIncreased to 4 L/min, Determine the nature ofthe flow for both the flow rates. The coefficient of viscosity of water is 10Pa - s and the density of water is 10° kg/m?, OR ‘What is equation of continuity? Water plows through a horizontal pipe of radius, Lem at a speed of 2m/s. What should be the diameter of nozzle if water is to come out ata speed of 10m/s? Explain the terms wavelength, frequency and amplitude for a harmonic wave. BI OR ‘The equation of a wave is given by y = 6 sin 10nt + 8 cos 10m, where y is in centimetre and t in second. Determine the constants involved in the standard equation of the wave. ‘Two rods of the same area of cross-section, but of lengths ly and Ip and conductivities Ky and K2 are joined in [3] series, Show that the combination is equivalent of a material of conductivity K. Section D Consider a block of mass 700 g is fastened to a spring having spring constant of 70 N/m. Pind out the following [5] parameters if block is pulled a distance of 14 cm from its mean position on a frictionless surface and released from rest at t =0. Xm x=0 . The angular frequency, the frequency and the period of the resulting motion, ii, The amplitude ofthe oscillation fii, The maximum speed of the oscillating block. iv. The maximum acceleration ofthe block. -y. The phase constant and hence the displacement function x (0) oR A simple pendulum of time period 1s and length 1 is hung from fixed support at 0, such thatthe bob is at a distance H vertically above A on the ground (Figure). The amplitude is @,. The string snaps at @&. Find the time taken by the bob to hit the ground. Also, find the distance from A where bob hits the ground. Assume @, to be small so that sin 4 and co0sO, 1. 32. A particle is projected in air at an angle (to a surface which itself is inclined at an angle ato the horizontal as in [5] figure i, Find an expression of range on the plane surface [distance on the plane from the point of projection at which particle will hit the surface.]ii, Time of flight. iii, @ at Which range will be maximum. [Hint This problem can be solved in two different ways: LX 3/ a. Point P at which particle hits the plane can be seen as the intersection of its trajectory (parabola) and straight line, Remember particle is projected at an angle (a+ 9) wats horizontal, . We can take x-direction along the plane and y-direction perpendicular to the plane. In that case resolve g (acceleration due to gravity) in two different components, gy along the plane and gy perpendicular to the plane. Now the problem can be solved as two independent motions in x and y directions respectively with time as a common parameter:] OR ‘A-man wants to reach from A to the opposite comer of the square C (as in figure). The sides of the square are 100 m. ‘A central square of Sm x 50m is filled with sand. Outside this square, he can walk at a speed 1 m/s“, In the central square, he can walk only at a speed of v/s (v<1) What is smallest value of v for which he can reach faster via a straight path through the sand than any path in the square outside the sand? > © 4) som 8 From a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius 4 is cut out. The centre of the hole is at % fromthe [5] centre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body. oR Find the components along the x,y,z axes of the angular momentum | ofa particle, whose position vector is r with components x, y,z-and momentum is p with components Pxy Py and pz. Show that if the particle moves only in the x- y plane the angular momentum has only a z-component. Section E Read the text carefully and answer the questions: 2 friends started for a picnic spot, in two different cars, A drove his ear ata constant velocity 60 km/h. B drove his carat a constant velocity 50 knv/h. The velocity of B relative to A is vp Va Similarly, the velocity of object A relative to object B is Va-V ‘Their fiend C was supposed to wait ata point on the road fora lift. Both of them forgot to pick up C. A and B reached the picnic spot within 2 hours and 2 hours 24 minutes respectively. (What was the velocity of B relative to A? (i) What the velocity of A relative to B?(li) What are the velocities of A and B relative to C? OR Draw the Velocity vs. time plot for A? Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure. 2) TOOTH —§ (v) Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the clastic potential energy of the spring, Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the state of compression or expansion of an elastic spring. (When the potential energy of a spring may be considered as zero? Gi)__‘The ratio of spring constants of two springs is 2 : 3. What is the rato of their potential energy, if they are stretched by the same force? (ii) The potential energy of a spring increases by 15 J when stretched by 3 cm. If its stretched by 4 em, What will be the increase in potential energy? OR ‘The potential energy of a spring when stretched through a distance x is 10 J. What is the amount of work done on the same spring to stretch it through an additional distance x?Solution SAMPLE PAPER - 4 Class 11 - Physics Section A, olev’l Explanation: According to Einstein mass-energy relation, energy (E) = (mass) = (velocity of light) [ aye 2 apy or [mass] = | "8 __| _ £ = (py t eoctyatigany | ~ of ~ LEW" (a) 9005 Explanation: Here, the displacement of an object is given by x = (32 + 5)m aoe) so) Therefore, velocity (v) = 4 orv=6ems (0) ‘The work done in moving the object from t= 0 tot =5s W=f Pedr ci) * “The force acting on this object is given by = ma = m x =m x 08 [using ()) F=m x 6=6m=12N Also, xp =32 +5=3 x (0)? +5=Smandatt=55, xg23 x GP +5=80m Put the values in Eq. (i), we i2x fdx=12[00-5] W= 12x 75=900J (b) remains constant Explanation: Suppose the particle of mass m is moving with speed v parallel to x-axis as shown in figure, then at any time t coordinates of P x=wy=bandz=0 ‘While components of velocity will be vx = (As itis moving parallel to x-axls) $0, E =F xp i 7H =mlot bo jv 00 = kemfut x 0 — vb] = sivbk (a)o5em Explanation: For constant F 1, Y, Alo@urv Explanation: Second law of Kepler states that the radius vector from sun tothe planet swaps equal area in equal time. {€) Density of gas is constant in graph (ii). : Pa. Explanation: p= 26 Density remains constant when P/T or volume remains constant. In graph () volume is decreasing, hence density is inreasing; while in graphs (jt) and (i) volume is increasing, hence, density is decreasing. {Note: That volume would have been constant in case the straight line in graph (ii) had passed through origin.) (6) 125 x 10% Explanation: P= 4.5 x 10° Pa; dQ= 800 kr Vy =0.5 m3 V) = 2m3 dW = P(V2- V1) = 45 x 105(2-0.5)=6.75 x10 ‘Change in internal energy, au=aq-aw = 800 x 102-678 x 108 = 1.25 x 105 (51.2 emisec Subractng eqn.) from i), s32-307-4 or A (65.04 0.)em {Because maximum enor in measurement of lngih using metre scale would be 1 man) v= Av = (65.0-4 0) x 512 cmsec = 33280 4 51.2 anise ‘Hence, maximum error in velocity will be 51.2 cm/sec Pressure in ib Tat B = Pressure in imb Tat A hpi = hpog smn Hence specific gravity of ligula = sp gravity of liguid I= 1 (be) 42S Explanation: According tothe question, A(M) a B(M) al 0 pm™ = cM) From the above figure,Gn Ox =i¢in Hwy, Toot = o0ee pescado Sua of GAC GE oe Hoare ee = mgsind x + Again, Torues = Ta Whete,7= moment of nena = [Force and Torque frequency along axis of rotation passing through in end] = angular accelertlon (b) 8Njkp(T-T) Explanation: Q = LnRAT : x 4x keN, (Th- Ti) $Naka (Ta -T) (© frequencies Explanation: Speed, wavelength and amplitude change as is travelling through different material onthe ather side frequency must remain constant to conserve energy (hich is dependent solely on frequency). (a) RT loge (4) Explanation: Work done W, is given by Explanation: Escape velocity ofa projectile from the Earth, Vexe= 11.2 knvs Projection velocity of the projectile, vp = 3¥ese Mass of the projectile = m Let velocity of the projectile far away from the Bart ‘Total enengy of the projectile on the EarthGravitational potential energy ofthe projectile faraway fromthe Earth is 20 ‘Total energy of the projectile faraway from the Earth = $v From the la f conservation of energy, we have Lv ~ Lima? — dima? vem Vth tee = V8.0 =V8x112 = 31.68 kav = 31.7 kms (2) Both A and are rue and R isthe correct explanation of A. Explanation: Te body is able o move ona ctular path duet centripetal fore. The cena ore n cas of veces proved ay ool Soe, Thai alo esol once, gg len han couse fare, then iikrpeie ica ‘hielo teat aod the beyee wood vera, Thus, condone no overturning of vehicles, img > 2 (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion. Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion. (©) Alstrue but R is false. Explanation: Avogadro number (N) represents the number of atoms in 1 gram mole of an element, ie. it has the dimensions of mole Section B ia Explanation: Significant figure- 6, 0, 3,2. 0's between 2 non-zero digits are significant. ia Explanation: Significant figure- 6,0, 3,2. Since, the number is less than 1, the zeros on the Fight tothe decimal hefore the first non-zero integer is insignificant. 20. Here m= 0.15 kg, u= 20 ms"!, v= Oandt=0.1s Bis) _ 30-29 59 ‘The negative sign suggests thatthe force Isa retarding force. Average force applied by the player, F = m: 21, Period of revolution of a satellite, Tis the time taken by the satellite to complete one revolution around the earth. 7 = Sissenerome of deed ot or =2n(R +h) (SE (eine ort = 2m SY a1 Gat ene oe OM. (an Taam) Se oR ‘Suppose IM be the mass of the sun and R be the distance of the earth from the sun, then escape velocity, = (Eat x 194 1 (SBE * t0tma t= 4.217 « 10'ms ve = 42.17 kms! The escape speed forthe solar system is 42.17 kms! 22. Force, F = 10kN = 1 x 104 Radius, r= 2mm =2 x 10m. area, A= m= mx (2 103?12.56 x 10-%m® Pore. _La.otw N/m? suress = Base. = baw _ 7.95 x 10°.N/m' 23, AC27S K temperature and 1 atm pressure means STP condition, Number of H molecules in volume of 22400 em? at STP = 6.02 x 1073(Avogadro's number) Hence, number of H molecules in 1 cm of volume at STP 02 108 9 Baw — 9.6875 x 10) Now, number of degrees of freedom associated with each H, (diatomic) molecule = 5 ‘Total number of degrees of freedom associated with 1cm? of gas = total number of molecules * total degrees of freedom = 2.6875 x 10" x 5 = 1.84875 x 10% oR According tothe kinetic interpretation of temperature, mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule Is directly proportional tots, absolute temperature Le., $m o« T orb x VF. I gas temperature'T = 0 K, the rms speed of gas molecules and hence kinetic energy of each molecule wll be zero, Thus, the absolute zero temperature isthe temperature at which all molecular motions stop altogether. 24. Here u= 16 ms, v=0,5=0.4m, 25. Here u = 0,5 = 100m, y= 80 kmh Force required to produce acceleration a, y= ma= 108 x 28 = 247 x 104N Force required to overcome friction, Fy= R= mg =02 « 10' x 9.8= 1.96 x 10'N ‘Maximum force required by the engine for take off, BaF, +F)=247 x 104+ 1.96 x 104= 449 x 104, 26, Here 3= 42 X 107 eng cat” Latent heat of steam, L, = 540 cal gt Mass of water= 1g ‘Temperature of water = 100°C Initial volume, Vj = 1 em? Final volume, V2 = 1650 cm? +. Change in volume, dV=V2- V1 = 1650-1 = 1649 em? ‘When 1 g of water at 100°C is changed to steam at 100°C, temperature remains constant, so the heat supplied is dQ= mL = 1 x 540 = 540 cal = 540 x 4,2 x 107 erg Pressure, P= 1 atm = 76 x 13.6 x 981 dyne cm” From first law of thermodynamics, du=dq-Pav SAD x 4.2 x 107-76 x 13.6 x 981 x 1649= 22.68 109-1.67 102 = 2101 x 109= 21 x 10! erg 27. When an object is thrown vertically upward or it falls vertically downward under gravity then an acceleration g = 10m/a"? acts downward due to the earths gravitational pall. ‘Mass of pebble (im) = 0.05 kg J. During upward motion [Net force acting on pebble (F) = ma = 0.05 x 10'N 0.50N (vertically downward) |. During downward motion Net force acting on pebble (F) = ma= 0.05 « 10 N = 0.5ON (vertically downward) ‘Atthe highest point [Net force acting on pebble (B= ma=0.05 «10N 0.50 N (vertically downward) If pebble was thrown at an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction then acceleration acting Cm it and therefore force acting on it will remain unchanged, i, 0.50 N (vertically downward). In case, atthe highest point the vertical component of velocity will be zero but horizontal component of velocity will not be ze. Given, diameter, D = 1.30em = 1.3 x 10-%m Coefficient of viscosity of water, » = 10-*Pa — s Density of water, p = L0kg/m* ‘The volume ofthe water flowing out per second is Vavd=0 x rea vee Reynolds umber y= 82 = wD Case I When V = 0.58L/min = 2581020! ae 67 x 10° mis"! Ren fences 8 “Re < 1000, so the flow Is steady or streamline Case When V = AL/min = 202 dg) = 6.67 x10-OmPo? Rez Pia roctaeie 0596 > 3000, so the flow wil be turbulent or ‘The Navier-Stokes equations form a vector continuity equation describing the conservation of liner momentum. If the fla is an incompressible flow (pis constant, the mass continuity equation simplifies toa volume continuity equation: which means that the divergence of velocity fil is zero everywhere. Consider a non-viscous liquid in streamline flow through a tube A B of varying cross-section Leta, a) = area of eross-section at A and B Vi, Vo Velocity of flow of liquid at A and $1, Sp Density of liquid at A and B ‘Volume of liquid entering per second at A = ay v ‘Mass of liquid entering per second at A =a, vy ‘Moss of liquid entering per second at B = a, v5 If tere is no loss of Liquid in tube and flow is steady, then ‘Mass of liquid entering per second at A = Mass of liquid leaving per second at B a V1 51 = a2 V2 52 If the liquid is incompressible,s=9=5 a, vy S=ayyos | means the larger the area of cross-section, the smaller will be the flow of liquid. Here 1 Dy = 2r, = 21 = 2em Ry = Radius V4 = velocity From equation of continuity ay v1 = a2 V2 Hence, diameter ofthe outer opening Is 0.894 cm as flow rate through this area is high as compared to initial one. |. The wavelength ofa harmonic wave is the distance covered by the wave motion during the time in which a medium particle completes one vibration to and fro about its mean position Alternately, itis the distance (parallel tothe direction of wave propagation) between the consecutive repetitions of the shape of a wave. It isthe minimum distance between two consecutive points in the same phase. 41, Frequency of a harmonic wave is the number of vibrations per unit time by a medium element as the wave passes through It ‘The frequency of a wave is defined as reciprocal of its ume period and is related to angular frequency w by the relation, Frequency v= 4 = SL unit of frequency iss or Hz {IL The amplitude of a harmonic wave isthe magnitude of maximum displacement of a medium particle (or element from its equilibrium position as the wave passes through it. The amplitude of a wave isa positive quantity and its St unit is 1 metre. oR Given, y =6 sin 10xt +8 cosm cm...) [Now the general equation of this type of wave is y=Asin(wt +4) Asinwteos$ + Acoswtsin (Acos@)sinwt + (Asind)cosut (il) Comparing Eqs.(i) and (i), we get Ac059 = 6 and A sing = 8 Time period T Squaring and adding Eqs.(iil) and (iv), we get AP (cos? @ + sin? g) = 6? + 8? =36+64= 100or A= 100 +, A= 10 em, the amplitude ofthe given wave. Dividing Eq.(iv) by (iti), we get tang = $= 1.3333 +. = tan”1(1.8883) = 53°8" , the value of phase angle ofthe given wave Inthe question 30, Itis given conductivities Ky and K are in series, Therefore rate of flow of heat energy is same. — buh) “Kea SL. |. The angular frequency is given by TON Frequency, f ‘The time period, |. The maximum amplitude of the oscillation = maximum displacement 2.) =14 em =0.14 m |The maximum speed of the oscillation vq is given by Vp = WX gy 10 X .14 =1.4 mis ‘The magnitude of maximum acceleration of the black is given by ayy = why =100 x 0.14 =14 ms? Attime ¢=, the block Is located at position, x = xq ‘Then, from general equation of oscillation, x() = Xec0s (wt + 9) tm = tm c08(0 X w+ 4) 008 = 1b ‘The required displacement function ofthe given oscillation with all the above values becomes, a(t) =n cos(wt +) = x(t) = 0.14 « cos(10F + 0) x(t) = 0.14 c0s 108 Assume that t= 0 when = 0. Then, 6= Gy coswt Given a seconds pendulum w = 2 a Attime t, let @= © cos2at; = 1/2-> 4 = 2 6=—G2nsin2at [= % ay = 6 = —6,2nsin 3 = — 3x0, ‘Ths the linear velocity is u= ~y/3rGo! perpendicular to the sting. ‘The vetical component is uy = — VIB sin and the horizontal component is Uy = —V3r0gl cos By[At the time it snaps the vertical height is H' = H+1(1-c0s($)) Let the time require for fll be, then Hi aught + (1/2)g¢? (tice gis also inthe negative direction) on Lgl? + VBn0plsin Oyt — 1’ =0 — Viet faa Ta vin HP aa [Neglecting terms of order 6 and heigher. [ae 7 Now HH+I0-)=H -.t/% ‘The distance travelled in the x-direction is ust to the left of where it snapped. X= V3nbol cosh (7 Toorder of X= VSnbot HE = Font Atthe time of snapping, the bob was Usin® 189 distance from A. “Thus, the distance from A is 1, ~ 210, = 10.(1 - y6HYa) 32. Consider new Cartesian coordinates in which X-axis is along inclined plane OP and OY-axis perpendicular tit as shown in the figure. Consider the motion of the projectile from OAP. WA ATO and P,y=0 ty = vosin(8), C=T where T is time of flight ‘We calculate the time Of flight part (b) before part (a): ‘The motion of projectile along new OY axis. Using the equation: s = wt + Sat? 3=0, w=wy=wsin8, 9=g,——geosa, t=T 0= sin A(T) + }(—geosa)T? 0 = m9 sin §(T) — Feosa(T)?* T [vw sin ~ Tcosa] =0 Either T= 0 or vpsing ~ Scosa=0 a 7 +, Time of flight from O to P is, T= “8 dosed AUT =, projeclle is at © and at T= 22522, ts ac cosa = vp sin 8 a. Consider motion along OX axis x = L, te = vp ¢os(9), az = —gsin( tein ae 08 8(7) + H(—gsina)T? = 7 [up cos ~ Lgsina.T] ase] geese Dowsing 1 maiit8|y,cos8— Lgsina= SS cos 8 - cover sin Asin a] aun », Time of flight done above. cc. L will be maximum or maximum range along new OX axis. From above relation of L,, it will be maximum when sin()cos(a + 8) is maximum as ‘a is a constant angle of inclination ofthe plane. 0, cos? (cr) Is constant Z = sin(B) cos(a + 8) sin B\cosa cos 8 ~ sinesin 8] F[cosce2 sin Bcosf ~ sina? sin’ 5] 4fcosa sin 26 — sina(1 —cos28)] = B= 28 cosfa +8) Range On the Plane Surface] [cosa sin 28 ~ sina + sin acos2é] [cosa sin 28 + sin acos2é — sina] [sin(2 + a) — sina] For 7.10 be maximum OR Lotus first calculate the lengths of PQ and AC, PQ = v/50" + 50 AC = 100" + 100? = 100/2 ‘Time(T;) taken through path A+ P+ QC 7 = 4200. , #0 72 = 1003 s0v2-+ 82 7, =50y2 + 3 =soyaa +4) Time taken along the path A> R—+ C= ‘Using Pythagoras theorem, we get ARE = AO? + OF? = (2)? 4 (4 AR= /6250 = 25VT0 s x 25/108 = 5010s For Tsand < Toutsides We have sov21 + 4] < 50VT0 (anne) 33, The centre of mass ofan object isthe polnt at which the object can be balanced. Mathematically, it isthe point at which the torques from the mass elements of an object sum to ero, The centre of mass is useful because problems can often be simplified by treating a collection of masses as one mass at their common centre of mass. The weight ofthe object then acs through this point. ‘To solve this problem, first we assume thatthe whole disc was present whose centre of mass lies atthe origin from which a small disc was cutout. So CM of remaining portion and cut out disc will Ile exactly atthe origin Ie Centre of Mass ofthe orignal disc ax=o ‘Mass per unit area ofthe original dise= Radius of the original disc Mass ofthe orignal disc, M‘The disc withthe cut portion is shown in the following figure: Radius of the smaller dise = Massof the smaller ise, M! = n(£)'o= ato = aL Let © and 0’ be the respective centers ofthe orignal disc andthe dis cut off from the orginal As per the definition of he centre of mas, the cenre of mas ofthe original dis is supposed to be concentrated tO, wile tat ofthe smaller discs supposed tobe conceniated at. eis given ti: oo=8 {ter the smaller dsc hasbeen cut rom the orignal, he remaining portion is considered o be a system of two masses. The two masses are: M (concentrated at 0), and (-at! = 4£) concentrated at 0 (The negative sign indicates that this portion has been removed from the original disc.) Let x be the distance through which the centre of mass of the remaining portion shifts from point ©. ‘The relation between the centers of masses of two masses is given [Note that shift in Centre of Mass is very lss(only 0.16 R or #2) as removed portion has very less mass as compared tothe remaining portion, (The negative sign indicates that the centre of mass gets shifted toward the left of point © and lies at left towards origin.) oR 1,= YBa 2Py Wy= 2p, xP, 1,= XPy - YPx ‘The linear momentum of the particle in cartesian coordinate, = pei + py} + pek Position vector of the particle in cartesian coordiantes ,# = xi + j + 2k ‘As we know the angular momentum of a moving particle about a point is given as, f = x p where pand r are linear momentum ‘and position vector respectively, = (214i +a) x (pi +n) +p) ijk =|e y 2 Pe Py Pr bei + lyf + Lek =i (yp. — spy) —j (ems — =P.) + (apy — ype) == (yp. = py) +3 (ap. + pe) + hep, — ype) Comparing the coefficients of 7,, and & we get the components of angular momentum as I= ¥.- 2Py = ae Dy lD) 1,=%Py-¥Px ) Ifthe particle moves in the x-y plane only. Hence, the z-component ofthe position vector and z component of linear momentum vector become zero, Le,z=p,=0 Thus, equation (i) reduces to: 1=0 =o 1, = xPy - YPx ‘Therefore, when the particle is confined to move in the x-y plane, the x and y components of linear momentum are zero and hence the direction of angular momentum Is along the z-direction, Section E 34, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: 2 friends started for a pienic spot, in two different cars. A drove his car ata constant velocity 60 kimvh. B drove his car at a constant velocity 50 knvh, ‘The velocity of B relative 0 A Is Vp- Va ‘Similarly, the velocity of object A relative to object B Is va-v, ‘Thelr friend C was supposed to wait ata point on the road for a lift. Both of them forgot to pick up C. A and B reached the piente spot within 2 hours and 2 hours 24 minutes respectively () The velocity of B relative to A is v-Va=50-60 = 10 kaw (i) The velocity of A relative to B is, va+¥p=60-50= 10 km/h (GiSince C is in stationary position, his velocity was 0. Hence the velocity of A relative to Gis 60 - 0 = 60 kirvh and the velocity of B relative to C 1s 50-0 = 50 knvh, oR ‘Velocity time graph is as shown below Velocity (km/h) time 2 (h) 35, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘There are many types of spring, Important among these are helical and spirl springs as shown inthe figure. @) —WHOOCTTTSIE-—— (v) Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the elastic potential ‘energy of the spring. Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the state of compression or expansion of an elastic spring. (1) Iemay be considered as zero, when the spring Is in normal position. hy here x) = X2 5 BR uy _ kat Eka here xy = 3 em and xp = 4m B15 =26.71te tke Her if'distance= x, By= 4 kx?= 10 on increasing the distance x more Ey= $h(22)? = 2h? so increase in potential energy = Ep - E1 = (2-4) KX? 2 Ke? =8 x Liu? =3 x 10=30 Joule so work required = 30 - 10 = 20 Joule