UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC
RESONANCE (NMR)
JOHN ERIC TANDOG MARIANO, RPh
Faculty
Department of Pharmacy
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
THEORY
▪ 2 Physical Properties Nuclear Process
1. Spin
2. Nuclear Magnetic Moment
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
THEORY
▪ 2 Physical Properties Nuclear Process
1. Spin
Nuclear spin may be related to the nucleon composition of
a nucleus in the following manner:
a. Odd Mass Nuclei have functional spins
b. Even Mass Nuclei composed of Odd number of protons
and neutrons have integral spin
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
THEORY
▪ 2 Physical Properties Nuclear Process
1. Spin
▪ Spin Quantum, I
I > 0, have spin
I = 0, do not spin
▪ Protons, neutrons, and electrons all behave as
spinning particles.
▪ Nuclei containing an EVEN number of protons and
neutrons, the spin pair up -→ No Spin
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
THEORY
▪ 2 Physical Properties Nuclear Process
1. Spin
▪ Nuclei containing ODD number of ether proton or
neutrons the net spin is a ½(h/2π)
▪ H, C, F, and P, I=1/2 → possess SPIN
▪ C12 and )12 → Lack SPIN, I=0
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
THEORY
▪ Two Orientation:
Parallel Antiparallel
North Pole of the nuclear Aligns to the field, N → N.
magnet points to the south
of the applied magnetic
pole
All protons of the given population of protons in a magnetic field
prefer to move into the lower energy level. However, this
movement is opposed by the thermal motion of the nuclei.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
INSTRUMENTATION
1. A magnet with a strong, stable, homogenous field,
2. A stable radiofrequency transmitter
3. A radio receiver and detector,
4. A Coil of wire surrounding the sample, which as a sens0r,
5. A cell containing a sample,
6. A method of sweeping through the spectrum, and
7. A recorder to display absorption peaks.
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
INSTRUMENTATION
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
CHEMICAL SHIFT

• The magnetic field is not equal to the field applied to the

magnet → One peak observed for the proton.

• Nucleus exists within a shell of electrons → alter the

magnetic field slightly by SHIELDING the nucleus to a
small significantly important extent.
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
CHEMICAL SHIFT
• Shielding

Example: CH3CH2Br
• The electron Density of CH3 is greater than around
the CH2 protons → Chemical Shift
• Reference: TMS
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
SPIN-SPIN COUPLING
▪ NMR spectra of the
organic molecules
containing nonequivalent
nuclei provide other
useful data.
▪ Spin-spin coupling
Constant, J (Hz)
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
SPIN-SPIN COUPLING
▪ Peak Splitting is a
manifestation of coupling
and may be thought as
the influence the spin
states of one or more
equivalent nuclei have on
other nearby nuclei.
▪ n+1
 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
SPIN-SPIN COUPLING
▪ ETHANOL
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)