MPCJ MAINS MOCK TEST

MODEL ANSWERS CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973

DIFFERENCE
1. Distinguish between cognizable and non-cognizable offences. (04 marks)

m
Answer: SYNOPSIS

S.NO.
1
2
TOPICS
Introduction
Difference

.c o
rs
1. INTRODUCTION:
Offence refers to an illegal act or crime that is punishable in nature and against which a complaint can be registered

k e
with police or magistrate etc. An offence can be classified as a cognizable offence and non-cognizable offence.
Following are the points how cognizable offence differs from non-cognizable offence: -

n
2. DIFFERENCE:

S.NO.

1
BASIS

Definition

p r a COGNIZABLE OFFENCE

It is defined in the Section 2(c) of

NON-COGNIZABLE
OFFENCE
It is defined in Section 2(I) of

o
the Criminal Procedure Code, Criminal Procedure Code
1973 1973.

T
2 Investigation
3 Registration Of
FIR
4 FIR by Victim5O2L8T5P3R
tr-
5 Type of offence
6 Examples
“Cognizable offence means an
offence for which, and “cognizable
case” means a case in which, a
police officer may,4Gin accordance
5G2K8K5H3I1B
withtr-the First Schedule or under
any other law for the time being in
force, arrest without warrant.”
The police can start a preliminary
investigation without the
permission of the court or without
registering the FIR.
The police officer is bound to
register the FIR even without the
permission of Magistrate.
The victim can file an FIR or make
1P4N
a complaint to the magistrate.
It is a non-bailable offence.
These are heinous crimes like
murder, rape, dowry death etc.
“Non-cognizable offence
means an offence for which,
and “non-cognizable case”
means a case in which, a
police officer has no authority
to arrest without warrant.”
The police officer cannot start
the investigation without the
permission of the court.
The police officer is not
bound to register the FIR or
cannot register the FIR
without prior permission of
the magistrate.
The victim can only make a
complaint to the magistrate.
It is a bailable offence.
These crimes are not so
serious like forgery, cheating,
defamation etc.

Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 1 of 8

 COMPLAINT (S.2(d), 200- 203)

2. Define Complaint. What are the provisions related to complaint to Magistrates’?

(04 marks)
Answer: SYNOPSIS

S. NO. TOPICS
1 Introduction
2 Definition
3 Examination
4 Procedure
5 Postponement
6 Dismissal

1. INTRODUCTION:

o m
Term ‘Complaint’ is defined under Section. 2(d) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and the other provisions
related to it has been laid down from Section. 200- 203 of the Code. Accordingly,

c
2. DEFINITION: (SECTION. 2(d))

rs .
“Complaint” means any allegation made orally or in writing to a Magistrate, with a view to his taking action under
this Code that some person, whether known or unknown, has committed an offence, but does not include a police
report.

k e
Explanation: -A report made by a police officer in a case which discloses, after investigation, the commission of a
non-cognizable offence shall be deemed to be a complaint; and the police officer by whom such report is made
shall be deemed to be the complainant.

3. EXAMINATION OF COMPLAINANT: (SECTION. 200)

r an
A Magistrate taking cognizance of an offence on complaint shall examine upon oath the complainant and the

o p
witnesses present, if any, and the substance of such examination shall be reduced to writing and shall be signed
by the complainant and the witnesses, and also by the Magistrate:
Provided that, when the complaint is made in writing, the Magistrate need not examine the complainant and the
witnesses-

complaint; or
T
(a) If a public servant acting or purporting to act in the discharge of his official duties or a Court has made the

(b) If the Magistrate makes over the case tr-

for5Ginquiry
2K8K5H3I 4G to another Magistrate under Section 192:
or1Btrial
Provided further that if the Magistrate makes over the case to another Magistrate under Section 192 after
examining the complainant and the witnesses, the latter Magistrate need not re-examine them.

4. PROCEDURE BY MAGISTRATE NOT COMPETENT TO TAKE COGNIZANCE OF THE CASE: (SECTION. 201)
If the complaint is made to a Magistrate who is not competent to take cognizance of the offence, he shall,
(a) If the complaint is in writing, return it for presentation to the proper Court with an endorsement to that effect;
(b) If the complaint is not in writing, direct the complainant to the proper Court.

5. POSTPONEMENT OF ISSUE OF PROCESS: (SECTION. 202)

(1) Any Magistrate, on receipt of a complaint of an offence of which he is authorized to take cognizance or which
has been made over to him under Section 192, may, if he thinks fit, [and shall, in a case where the accused is
residing at a place beyond the area in which he exercises his jurisdiction,] postpone the issue of process against
the accused, and either inquire 1P4N himself or direct an investigation to be made by a police officer or by
tr-5Ointo
2L8Tthe
5P3Rcase
such other person as he thinks fit, for the purpose of deciding whether or not there is sufficient ground for
proceeding:
Provided that no such direction for investigation shall be made,—
(a) Where it appears to the Magistrate that the offence complained of is triable exclusively by the Court of Session;
or
(b) Where the complaint has not been made by a Court, unless the complainant and the witnesses present (if any)
have been examined on oath under Section 200.

(2) In an inquiry under sub-section (1), the Magistrate may, if he thinks fit, take evidence of witnesses on oath:
Provided that if it appears to the Magistrate that the offence complained of is triable exclusively by the Court of
Session, he shall call upon the complainant to produce all his witnesses and examine them on oath.
Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 2 of 8
 (3) If an investigation under sub-section (1) is made by a person not being a police officer, he shall have for that
investigation all the powers conferred by this Code on an officer in charge of a police station except the power
to arrest without warrant.

6. DISMISSAL OF COMPLAINT: (SECTION. 203)

If, after considering the statements on oath (if any) of the complainant and of the witnesses and the result of the
inquiry or investigation (if any) under Section 202, the Magistrate is of opinion that there is no sufficient ground for
proceeding, he shall dismiss the complaint, and in every such case he shall briefly record his reasons for so doing.

TRIAL OF WARRANT CASE (S.238- 250)

3. Explain the procedure for trial of a warrant-case (by a Magistrate) instituted on a police report and otherwise
than on police report. (08 marks)
Answer: SYNOPSIS

S. NO.
1
TOPICS
Introduction

c o m
.
2 Cases instituted on a police

rs
report
3 Cases instituted otherwise
than on police report

1. INTRODUCTION:

k e
Procedure for trial of a warrant case by Magistrate on a police report is given from Section. 238- 243 and otherwise

n
than on a police report is given from Section. 244- 247 and conclusion of a trial is given from Section. 248- 250 of

a
the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. For which one should know what is ‘warrant case’ which has been defined
under Section. 2(x)

r
“Warrant-case means a case relating to an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment
for a term exceeding two years.”

o p
2. CASES INSTITUTED ON A POLICE REPORT: (SECTION. 238- 243)

T
I. 238. Compliance with section 207-
When, in any warrant-case instituted on a police report, the accused appears or is brought before a Magistrate
at the commencement of the trial, the Magistrate shall satisfy himself that he has complied with the provisions
of section 207. tr-5G2K8K5H
3I1B4G
(207. Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents- In any case where the proceeding
has been instituted on a police report, the Magistrate shall without delay furnish to the accused, free of cost, a
copy of each of the following:—
(i) the police report;
(ii) The first information report recorded under section 154;
(iii) The statements recorded under sub-section (3) of section 161 of all persons whom the prosecution
proposes to examine as its witnesses, excluding there from any part in regard to which a request for such
exclusion has been made by the police officer under sub-section (6) of section 173;
(iv) The confessions and statements, if any, recorded under section 164;
(v) Any other document or relevant extract thereof forwarded to the Magistrate with the police report under sub-
section (5) of section 173.)

II. 239. When accused shall be discharged-

tr-5O2L8T5P3R
1P4N
If, upon considering the police report and the documents sent with it under section 173 and making such
examination, if any, of the accused as the Magistrate thinks necessary and after giving the prosecution and
the accused an opportunity of being heard, the Magistrate considers the charge against the accused to be
groundless, he shall discharge the accused, and record his reasons for so doing.

III. 240. Framing of charge

(1) If, upon such consideration, examination, if any, and hearing, the Magistrate is of opinion that there is
ground for presuming that the accused has committed an offence triable under this Chapter, which such
Magistrate is competent to try and which, in his opinion, could be adequately punished by him, he shall
frame in writing a charge against the accused.

Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 3 of 8

 (2) The charge shall then be read and explained to the accused, and he shall be asked whether he pleads
guilty of the offence charged or claims to be tried.

IV. 241. Conviction on plea of guilty-

If the accused pleads guilty, the Magistrate shall record the plea and may, in his discretion, convict him
thereon.

V. 242. Evidence for prosecution-

If the accused refuses to plead or does not plead, or claims to be tried or the Magistrate does not convict the
accused under Section 241, the Magistrate shall fix a date for the examination of witnesses.
[Provided that the Magistrate shall supply in advance to the accused, the statement of witnesses recorded
during investigation by the police.]
(2) The Magistrate may, on the application of the prosecution, issue a summons to any of its witnesses
directing him to attend or to produce any document or other thing.

of the prosecution:

m
(3) On the date so fixed, the Magistrate shall proceed to take all such evidence as may be produced in support

o
Provided that the Magistrate may permit the cross-examination of any witness to be deferred until any other

c
.
witness or witnesses have been examined or recall any witness for further cross-examination.

rs
VI. 243. Evidence for defence-
(1) The accused shall then be called upon to enter upon his defence and produce his evidence; and if the

k e
accused puts in any written statement, the Magistrate shall file it with the record.
(2) If the accused, after he has entered upon his defence, applies to the Magistrate to issue any process for
compelling the attendance of any witness for the purpose of examination or cross-examination, or the

n
production of any document or other thing, the Magistrate shall issue such process unless he considers

a
that such application should be refused on the ground that it is made for the purpose of vexation or delay

r
or for defeating the ends of justice and such ground shall be recorded by him in writing.
Provided that, when the accused has cross-examined or had the opportunity of cross-examining any

o p
witness before entering on his defence, the attendance of such witness shall not be compelled under this
section, unless the Magistrate is satisfied that it is necessary for the ends of justice.
(3) The Magistrate may, before summoning any witness on an application under sub-section (2), require that

T
the reasonable expenses incurred by the witness in attending for the purposes of the trial be deposited in
Court.

3. CASES INSTITUTED OTHERWISE THAN ON POLICE

3I1B4G REPORT: (SECTION. 244- 247)
tr-5G2K8K5H
I. 244. Evidence for prosecution-
(1) When, in any warrant-case instituted otherwise than on a police report, the accused appears or is brought
before a Magistrate, the Magistrate shall proceed to hear the prosecution and take all such evidence as
may be produced in support of the prosecution.
(2) The Magistrate may, on the application of the prosecution, issue a summons to any of its witnesses directing
him to attend or to produce any document or other thing.
II. 245. When accused shall be discharged-
(1) If, upon taking all the evidence referred to in Section 244, the Magistrate considers, for reasons to be
recorded, that no case against the accused has been made out which, if unrebutted, would warrant his
conviction, the Magistrate shall discharge him.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prevent a Magistrate from discharging the accused at any
previous stage of the case if, for reasons to be recorded by such Magistrate, he considers the charge to be
groundless. 1P4N
tr-5O2L8T5P3R
III. 246. Procedure where accused is not discharged-
(1) If, when such evidence has been taken, or at any previous stage of the case, the Magistrate is of opinion
that there is ground for presuming that the accused has committed an offence triable under this Chapter,
which such Magistrate is competent to try and which, in his opinion, could be adequately punished by him,
he shall frame in writing a charge against the accused.
(2) The charge shall then be read and explained to the accused, and he shall be asked whether he pleads
guilty or has any defence to make.
(3) If the accused pleads guilty, the Magistrate shall record the plea, and may, in his discretion, convict him
thereon.
(4) If the accused refuses to plead, or does not plead or claims to be tried or if the accused is not convicted
under sub-section (3), he shall be required to state, at the commencement of the next hearing of the case,
Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 4 of 8
 or, if the Magistrate for reasons to be recorded in writing so thinks fit, forthwith, whether he wishes to cross-
examine any, and, if so, which, of the witnesses for the prosecution whose evidence has been taken.
(5) If he says he does so wish, the witnesses named by him shall be recalled and, after cross-examination and
reexamination (if any), they shall be discharged.
(6) The evidence of any remaining witnesses for the prosecution shall next be taken, and after cross-
examination and re-examination (if any), they shall also be discharged.

IV. 247. Evidence for defence-

The accused shall then be called upon to enter upon his defence and produce his evidence; and the provisions
of Section 243 shall apply to the case.

DEFAULT OF FINE (S. 30)

4. What are the provisions relating to sentence of imprisonment in default of payment of fine and what is the

Answer: SYNOPSIS

c m
maximum period of imprisonment in default of fine when the offence is punishable with fine only?

o
(08 marks)

S. NO.
1
2
TOPICS
Introduction
Provision under CrPC

rs .
1.
3

INTRODUCTION:
Provision under IPC

k e
n
Provision related to sentence of imprisonment in default of payment of fine has been laid down under Section.

a
30 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. And others are given from Section. 63- 69 of the Indian Penal Code,
1860. Accordingly,

r
2. PROVISION UNDER CrPC: (SECTION. 30)

o p
Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine-

T
(1) The Court of a Magistrate may award such term of imprisonment in default of payment of fine as is authorized
by law:
Provided that the term—
(a) is not in excess of the powers of the tr-
Magistrate
5G2K8K5H3Iunder
1B4G Section 29;
(b) Shall not, where imprisonment has been awarded as part of the substantive sentence, exceed one-fourth
of the term of imprisonment which the Magistrate is competent to inflict as punishment for the offence
otherwise than as imprisonment in default of payment of the fine.
(2) The imprisonment awarded under this section may be in addition to a substantive sentence of
imprisonment for the maximum term awardable by the Magistrate under Section 29.

3. PROVISION UNDER IPC:

I. 63. Amount of fine- Where no sum is expressed to which a fine may extend, the amount of fine to which the
offender is liable is unlimited, but shall not be excessive.

II. 64. Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine- In every case of an offence punishable with
imprisonment as well tr- as5O2L
fine,
8T5Pin which
3R1P 4N the offender is sentenced to a fine, whether with or without
imprisonment,
and in every case of an offence punishable with imprisonment or fine, or with fine only, in which the offender
is sentenced to a fine,
it shall be competent to the Court which sentences such offender to direct by the sentence that, in default of
payment of the fine, the offender shall suffer imprisonment for a certain term, which imprisonment shall be in
excess of any other imprisonment to which he may have been sentenced or to which he may be liable under
a commutation of a sentence.

Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 5 of 8

 III. 66. Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine- The imprisonment which the Court imposes in
default of payment of a fine may be of any description to which the offender might have been sentenced for
the offence.

IV. 67. Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only- If the offence be
punishable with fine only, the imprisonment which the Court imposes in default of payment of the fine shall
be simple, and] the term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned, in default of payment of
fine, shall not exceed the following scale, that is to say, for any term not exceeding two months when the
amount of the fine shall not exceed fifty rupees, and for any term not exceeding four months when the amount
shall not exceed one hundred rupees, and for any term not exceeding six months in any other case.

V. 68. Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine- The imprisonment which is imposed in default of payment
of a fine shall terminate whenever that fine is either paid or levied by process of law.

o m
VI. 69. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine- If, before the expiration of the term

c
of imprisonment fixed in default of payment, such a proportion of the fine be paid or levied that the term of

.
imprisonment suffered in default of payment is not less than proportional to the part of the fine still unpaid,

rs
the imprisonment shall terminate.

e
ORDER FOR MAINTENANCE OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PARENTS (S.125)

5.
on which maintenance can be claimed and on which it can be rejected?

Answer: SYNOPSIS

a k
Who are entitled to claim maintenance under Section.125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure? State grounds

n (08 marks)

S. NO.
1
TOPICS
Introduction

p r
2
3

1. INTRODUCTION:
To
Order for Maintenance
Case Law

The provisions relating to Maintenance has been laid down

1973. Accordingly. tr-5G2K8K5H
3I1B4G
under Section. 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,

2. ORDER FOR MAINTENANCE: (SECTION.125)

(1) If any person having sufficient means neglects or refuses to maintain-
(a) his wife, unable to maintain herself, or
(b) his legitimate or illegitimate minor child, whether married or not, unable to maintain itself, or
(c) his legitimate or illegitimate child (not being a married daughter) who has attained majority, where such child is,
by reason of any physical or mental abnormality or injury unable to maintain itself, or
(d) his father or mother, unable to maintain himself or herself,
a Magistrate of the first class may, upon proof of such neglect or refusal, order such person to make a monthly
allowance for the maintenance of his wife or such child, father or mother, at such monthly rate as such Magistrate
thinks fit and to pay the same to such person as the Magistrate may from time to time direct:
Provided that the Magistrate may order 3R the1P4N
father of a minor female child referred to in clause (b) to make such
allowance, until she attains her tr-5O2L8T5Pif the
majority, Magistrate is satisfied that the husband of such minor female child, if
married, is not possessed of sufficient means:
Provided further that the Magistrate may, during the pendency of the proceeding regarding monthly allowance for the
maintenance under this sub-section, order such person to make a monthly allowance for the interim maintenance of
his wife or such child, father or mother, and the expenses of such proceeding which the Magistrate considers
reasonable, and to pay the same to such person as the Magistrate may from time to time direct:
Provided also that an application for the monthly allowance for the interim maintenance and expenses of proceeding
under the second proviso shall, as far as possible, be disposed of within sixty days from the date of the service of
notice of the application to such person.

Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 6 of 8

 (2) Any such allowance for the maintenance or interim maintenance and expenses of proceeding shall be payable
from the date of the order, or, if so ordered, from the date of the application for maintenance or interim maintenance
and expenses of proceeding, as the case may be.
(3) If any person so ordered fails without sufficient cause to comply with the order, any such Magistrate may, for every
breach of the order, issue a warrant for levying the amount due in the manner provided for levying fines, and may
sentence such person, for the whole or any part of each month’s allowance for the maintenance or the interim
maintenance and expenses of proceeding, as the case may be, remaining unpaid after the execution of the
warrant, to imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month or until payment if sooner made:
Provided that no warrant shall be issued for the recovery of any amount due under this section unless application
be made to the Court to levy such amount within a period of one year from the date on which it became due:
Provided further that if such person offers to maintain his wife on condition of her living with him, and she refuses
to live with him, such Magistrate may consider any grounds of refusal stated by her, and may make an order under
this section notwithstanding such offer, if he is satisfied that there is just ground for so doing.
(4) No wife shall be entitled to receive an allowance for the maintenance or the interim maintenance and expenses

m
of proceeding, as the case may be, from her husband under this section if she is living in adultery, or if, without

o
any sufficient reason, she refuses to live with her husband, or if they are living separately by mutual consent.
(5) On proof that any wife in whose favor an order has been made under this section in living in adultery, or that

c
.
without sufficient reason she refuses to live with her husband, or that they are living separately by mutual consent

rs
3. CASE LAW:
M. A. REHMEN versus VENKAT RAMAPPA, 1981, NIPRA

k e
- Hon’ble Court has held that even if Husband has changed his religion then also he is bound to pay Maintenance.

PROCLAMATION & ATTACHMENT (S.82- 86)

6.
1973.
A.6

r an
Discuss the provision relating to “Proclamation and Attachment” laid down under Criminal Procedure Code,
(08 marks)

Answer: SYNOPSIS

S. NO. TOPICS

o p
T
1 Introduction
2 Proclamation
3 Attachment
3I1B4G
tr-5G2K8K5H
1. INTRODUCTION:
The terms ‘Proclamation and Attachment’ are not literally defined in the Code but few provision related to it are
given under Section. 82 & 83 respectively of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Accordingly,

2. PROCLAMATION: (SECTION. 82)

(1) If any Court has reason to believe (whether after taking evidence or not) that any person against whom a
warrant has been issued by it has absconded or is concealing himself so that such warrant cannot be
executed, such Court may publish a written proclamation requiring him to appear at a specified place and at
a specified time not less than thirty days from the date of publishing such proclamation.
(2) The proclamation shall be published as follows:—
(i) (a) it shall be publicly read in some conspicuous place of the town or village in which such person ordinarily
resides;
(b) it shall be affixed to some conspicuous
tr-5O2L8T5P3R
part of the house or homestead in which such person ordinarily resides
1P4N
or to some conspicuous place of such town or village;
(c) a copy thereof shall be affixed to some conspicuous part of the Court-house;
(ii) the Court may also, if it thinks fit, direct a copy of the proclamation to be published in a daily newspaper
circulating in the place in which such person ordinarily resides.
(3) A statement in writing by the Court issuing the proclamation to the effect that the proclamation was duly
published on a specified day, in the manner specified in clause (i) of sub-section (2), shall be conclusive
evidence that the requirements of this section have been complied with, and that the proclamation was
published on such day.
(4) Where a proclamation published under sub-section (1) is in respect of a person accused of an offence
punishable under section 302, 304, 364, 367, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 402, 436,
449, 459 or 460 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), and such person fails to appear at the specified place
Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 7 of 8
 and time required by the proclamation, the Court may, after making such inquiry as it thinks fit, pronounce
him a proclaimed offender and make a declaration to that effect.
(5) The provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3) shall apply to a declaration made by the Court under sub-section
(4) as they apply to the proclamation published under sub-section (1).

3. ATTACHMENT: (SECTION.83)
(1) The Court issuing a proclamation under Section 82 may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, at any time
after the issue of the proclamation, order the attachment of any property, movable or immovable, or both,
belonging to the proclaimed person: Provided that where at the time of the issue of the proclamation the
Court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise, that the person in relation to whom the proclamation is to be
issued,
(a) is about to dispose of the whole or any part of his property, or
(b) is about to remove the whole or any part of his property from the local jurisdiction of the Court,
it may order the attachment simultaneously with the issue of the proclamation.

m
(2) Such order shall authorize the attachment of any property belonging to such person within the district in which

o
it is made; and it shall authorize the attachment of any property belonging to such person without such district
when endorsed by the District Magistrate within whose district such property is situate.

c
.
(3) If the property ordered to be attached is a debt or other movable property, the attachment under this section
shall be made-

rs
(a) by seizure; or
(b) by the appointment of a receiver; or

his behalf; or
(d) by all or any two of such methods, as the Court thinks fit.

k e
(c) by an order in writing prohibiting the delivery of such property to the proclaimed person or to any one on

n
(4) If the property ordered to be attached is immovable, the attachment under this section shall, in the case of

a
land paying revenue to the State Government, be made through the Collector of the district in which the land
is situate, and in all other cases-
(a) by taking possession; or

r
o p
(b) by the appointment of a receiver; or
(c) by an order in writing prohibiting the payment of rent on delivery of property to the proclaimed person or
to any one on his behalf; or

T
(d) by all or any two of such methods, as the Court thinks fit.
(5) f the property ordered to be attached consists of live-stock or is of a perishable nature, the Court may, if it
thinks it expedient, order immediate sale thereof, and in such case the proceeds of the sale shall abide the
order of the Court. 3I1B4G
tr-5G2K8K5H
(6) The powers, duties and liabilities of a receiver appointed under this section shall be the same as those of
a receiver appointed under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908).

1P 4N
tr-5O2L8T5P3R

Head Office: 127, Zone II, MP Nagar, Bhopal |+91-7676564400|www.toprankers.com Page 8 of 8