U Example 1.1 A satellite “downlink at 12'GHz operates with a transmit power of g W anda paraboloidal antenna of a 3-m diameter. Caiculate the EIRP ang the antenna gain. Assume an aperture efficiency of 0.55%. - Sclution 1.1 Given f= 12 GHz, Pr= 6W, d =3-m, 7 = 0.55. From Equation (1.7), the antenna gain is given by L G = 0.55{10.472x12x3} = 78168 =! \ G (dBi) = 10 log 78168 = 48.9 dBi _. EIRP (dB) = 10 log PT + G ( Va2263000 eT = 3072.6 m/sec=1106] km/h , c trom Equation (2.26), the orbital | period is given by — ; 39.107 86423.9 sec/3600 = 24 h. x ititude Bis given by \ here, = 42263 - 6370 = 35893 km.C Example 2.2 ~~ & LEO satellite system operates with 2 minimum elevation angle of 8.2? and an earth central angle of 20°, Let the earth radius be 6370 km. Determine the following: a- The satellite altitude to fulfill the above condition. b+ The number of planes for global coverage. c- The number of satellites per plane d- The orbital speed of the satellite e- The average orbital period f+ The spotbeam speed. Solution 2.2 i Given: 0 = 8.2%,’ ¥= 20°? Re= 6370km a- The satellite altitude Is given by (Eq. 2.30) - cos@ h=|——— lr Fear, J . 2: 7 cos8.2 -11R, cos(8.2 + 20) (ae 0.9897 - 16370 =783_ke 0.881 fs a3 enChapter 2: Satellite Orbits and Launching 2/ 35 b- The number of planes is given by (Eq. 2.31) i “af \_ 2(180 (E}- (2 = 6 orbits ee x) c- The number of satellites per planes is given by (Eq. 2.32) sez #{2 =) ata) ens sat/orbit The total number of satellites for, od Gxt 266 sss) d- The orbital speed is given by (Eq. 2.33) Reeo = 36000+6370 = 42370 km Rizo = 76346370 = 7153 km x3.14 | 2370? =97327 krj> a is ee e- The orbital period is is given by Eq. (2.34) _ 7; _ = 98.4 mi Ee aa 23) 1.64 b= 98.4 mint7 ite Orbits and Launching chapter: sae : 2/ 35 Example 2.3 t is required to design a LEO satellite system with 2 minim, elevation angle of 52) and an earth central angle of 40%. Let Re = km. Determine: a The orbital altitude. Comment on your results! b- The required number of orbital planes. c The required number of satellites per orbit. 637% Solution 2.2 Given: 6 = 5°, 1=.40', Re = 6370 km a The satellite altitude is ces given by (Eq. 2.30) |_c086 | ih iC ‘cos(O+7) + y) = [_coss_ cosS 3 Re ~ [e0s(45) 0.996 — 8] eee GQ laa ifs70 2602.5 km Comment: This altitude i ‘sGot)prectical a as it fies inside the first Van “Allen belt b- The Number of planes is given by (Eq. 2. 3h) \p-af =312 Gee) }= 3. orbits The ‘ Number of satellites Per planes is given by (Eq. 2.32) S:2(m).2 ¥)= “WBNF)* Be AABS) = 5.19- 6 Sp Jorbit