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Heart Murmurs: Types and Significance

The document discusses the differences between physiological and pathological heart murmurs. It provides details on the origin, causes, clinical significance, treatment, and auscultation location of each type. It also compares characteristics of systolic and diastolic murmurs such as timing, sound, causes, and associated symptoms.

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khantasleema196
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55 views2 pages

Heart Murmurs: Types and Significance

The document discusses the differences between physiological and pathological heart murmurs. It provides details on the origin, causes, clinical significance, treatment, and auscultation location of each type. It also compares characteristics of systolic and diastolic murmurs such as timing, sound, causes, and associated symptoms.

Uploaded by

khantasleema196
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Homework 1

Characteristic Physiological Murmurs Pathological Murmurs

Typically innocent or benign, arising from Caused by structural heart abnormalities, such as
Origin
normal blood flow valve defects or septal defects

Related to factors like exercise, fever, Result from problems like stenotic (narrowed) valves,
Causes
pregnancy, or small heart size in children regurgitant (leaky) valves, or septal defects

Harmless, not indicative of underlying heart Indicate underlying heart disease or dysfunction; may
Clinical Significance
disease be associated with symptoms

No specific treatment required; may resolve Requires treatment for the underlying heart condition;
Treatment
on its own treatment varies based on the specific diagnosis

Usually heard as soft, vibratory, or musical


Stethoscope Often produce harsh, loud, or blowing sounds. The
sounds. May be louder during certain
Differences intensity may not change significantly with activity.
activities, like exercise.

Best heard at specific locations but can vary. Location varies based on the underlying structural
Auscultation
E.g., pulmonic area in the chest for Still's issue. E.g., aortic area for aortic stenosis, mitral area
Location
murmur. for mitral regurgitation.
Homework 2

Characteristic Systolic Murmurs Diastolic Murmurs

Occur during the systolic phase of the cardiac Occur during the diastolic phase, when the heart
Timing
cycle, when the heart is actively pumping blood is filling with blood

Often described as a whooshing or blowing Typically described as a rumbling, low-pitched,


Sound
sound or high-pitched sound

Common causes include aortic or pulmonic Common causes include aortic or pulmonic
Causes
stenosis, mitral or tricuspid regurgitation regurgitation, mitral stenosis

Depending on the underlying condition, they can Often indicative of heart disease or valvular
Clinical Significance
be innocent or indicative of heart disease dysfunction, require further evaluation

Diastolic murmurs are usually best heard at the


Most systolic murmurs are heard best at the base
Stethoscope Differences apex of the heart or at the left lower sternal
of the heart, in the aortic or pulmonic areas
border

May be associated with chest pain, palpitations, Often associated with symptoms like fatigue,
Associated Symptoms
or shortness of breath, depending on the cause fluid retention, or signs of heart failure

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