DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH

FEBRUARY SESSION 2022

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
HYG 2642
OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE

NAME: Muhammad Hanafi Hanif Bin Rosdi

ID NO: SH20201011186
LECTURER NAME: Ms Arisha Syamimi
DUE: 6/6/2022
INTRODUCTION

Chemicals have become a part of our lives, sustaining many of our activities, preventing and
controlling many diseases. However, one cannot ignore that many of these chemicals can,
especially if not used properly, endanger our health and poison our environment.
It is estimated that about a thousand new chemicals enter the market each year, and about
100,000 chemicals are used on a global scale. These chemicals are usually found as mixtures
in commercial products. One to two million such products or trade names exist in most
industrialized countries. More materials and increased production means more storage,
transportation, handling, use and disposal of chemicals. The entire life cycle of a chemical
should be considered when evaluating its hazards and benefits.
Most chemical accidents have limited effects. Occasionally there are disasters like the one in
Bhopal, India, in 1984, with thousands of deaths and many people permanently disabled.
It’s not just workers who handle risky chemicals. We may be exposed in our homes through
abuse or accidents and contaminated by consumer products including food.
Not all chemicals have the same concerns. Chemical health risk assessment is an ongoing
process in which information about chemical hazards is provided through a variety of
sources.
 Type of Chemical Symptom Health Effect

Chlorine
● Blurred vision ● can cause lung disease
such as bronchitis,
● Coughing shortness of breath,
possible permanent
● Wheezing damage

● Tooth Corrosion.
● Burning sensation in the
nose, throat, and eyes

● Chest tightness

Mercury
● headaches ● impaired vision and
hearing
● difficulty sleeping
● paralysis
● muscle weakness and
twitching ● insomnia

● emotional changes such

as mood swings,
irritability, nervousness

● breathing difficulties.
Lead
● abdominal pain ● Anemia

● constipation ● Weakness

● headaches ● kidney and brain

damage
● irritability
● the unborn child can be
● memory problems exposed and result in
the baby’s nervous
● infertility system being damaged

● tingling in the hands and

feet.

Chromium
● skin irritation ● occupational asthma

● headaches ● eye irritation and

damage
● dizziness
● perforated eardrums
● nausea
● respiratory irritation
● mood changes
● kidney damage

● liver damage
Ammonia
● Cough ● Blindness

● Fever ● lung damage

● Shortness of breath ● death

● Rapid, shallow breathing

● Sharp or stabbing chest

pain

● Loss of appetite

Formaldehyde
● skin rashes ● increased risk of cancer
of the nose and
● shortness of breath accessory sinuses

● wheezing ● nasopharyngeal and

oropharyngeal cancer
● eye, nose and throat
● lung cancer
irritation.

Asbestos
● shortness of breath ● Lung cancer

● persistent cough ● Asbestosis

● wheezing ● Mesothelioma

● extreme tiredness ● Cancer of the

gastrointestinal tract,
● pain in chest or shoulder kidney and throat

● Scarring of the lung

lining

CONCLUSION
Improper use of chemicals can lead to illness or even worse death. Therefore, the use of
chemicals can be safe when we follow established procedures and rules such as exposure
limits.