UNIT 8:

TRADITIONS OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN VIETNAM

LESSON 1
LESSON SUMMARY

VOCABULARY CD2-26
Word/Phrase Meaning Example
embroidery (n) a decorative pattern, image or text This towel is a beautiful piece of
/ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/ on fabric embroidery.
basket(n) /ˈbæskɪt/ a container with a handle for The Ê-đê people often use a
carrying or keeping things in basket to carry things.
cloth (n) a piece of material people use to Chăm women can make beautiful
/klɒθ/ make clothes cloth with their hands.
pottery (n) objects that people make out of They make and sell pottery and
/ˈpɒtəri/ clay other handmade goods.
headscarf (n) a piece of fabric used to cover Chăm men usually wear a white
/ˈhedskɑːf/ one's head headscarf.
silver (n) a bright, white metal often used for Like gold, silver is a valuable
/ˈsɪlvər/ making jewelry or coins or a lot metal.
more
ethnic (adj) relating to a certain country's or There are different ethnic groups
/ˈeθnɪk/ tribe's customs and traditions across the country.
pattern (n) a set of repeated lines, shapes or Flowers are a common pattern on
/ˈpætərn/ colors their casual clothes.
product (n) something that people make for It takes time to make a pottery
/ˈprɒdʌkt/ sale product, such as a bowl or vase.
GRAMMAR
Articles
Definite • for specific things or people that both the speaker and listener/reader know
the The cloth that the Chăm in southern Vietnam make are colorful.
• for the only thing of that kind
The Kinh have the largest population in Vietnam.
Indefinite • for one thing or one member of a group of things
a/an The Tày has a traditional musical instrument called đàn tính.
Zero article • for names, villages, towns, countries or things in general
 () Sapa is a well-known tourist attraction in () Vietnam.

PRONUNCIATION
Stress in two-syllable adjectives - CD2-27
Stress on the first syllable
angry /ˈæŋɡrɪ/ crazy/'kreɪzɪ/ busy /'bɪzɪ/ tiny /'taɪnɪ/ little /ˈlɪtl/
Stress on the second syllable
alone /əˈləʊn/ alive /ə’laɪv/ alike /ə’laɪk/ alert /ə'lərt/ direct /dɪ’rekt/

PRACTICE
Pronunciation
Circle the word that has a stress pattern pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. pretty B. central C. simple D. alone
2. A. common B. special C. alike D. handsome
3. A. direct B. ethnic C. perfect D. famous
4. A. healthy B. unclear C. sticky D. scary
5. A. boring B. funny C. happy D. alive

Vocabulary
a. Match the descriptions to the words in the box.

A. cloth
B. pottery
C. basket
D. headscarf
E. embroidery
1. _____ items made of clay
2. _____ clothing material
3. _____ a piece of cloth used to cover one's head
4. _____ a carrying or storage container with a handle
5. _____ ornamental designs, pictures or texts on cloth
b. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
silver (x2) ethnic pattern product
6. A(n) ______________ group has their own language, culture and traditions.
7. Normally, a craft ______________ takes a lot of time and effort to make.
8. The ______________ of the flowers on the pottery vase really holds my attention.
9. Young people seem to prefer ______________ jewelry to gold jewelry.
10. This restaurant serves its food with forks, knives and spoons made of ______________.

Grammar
a. Complete the sentences with the, a/an or zero article ()
1. There is a number of Khmer people in _____ France and in the United States.
2. _____ Central Highlands is home to many different ethnic groups in Vietnam.
3. The Mường are _____ ethnic group that live mainly in northern Vietnam.
4. The Phù Lá in Lào Cai play _____ ma nhí, a musical instrument, for their big events.
5. _____ Chăm use'pottery objects, such as pots, vase and glasses in their everyday life.
b. Circle ONE mistake in each sentence.
6. She plans to study law at a university in United States.
A. plans B. law C. a D. United Stated
7. They traveled to the Sweden for their last summer break.
A. traveled B. the Sweden C. their D. break
8. The Lake Louise in Canada is a wonderful destination for visitors.
A. The B. Canada C. a D. visitors
9. The Republic of Ireland is the country in north-western Europe.
A. The B. Ireland C. the D. in
10. The film festival takes place in a August of every year in the country.
A. takes B. a C. year D. the

Reading
a. Read the text about the Muờng people. Circle the best options.
The Mường are 1) _________ ethnic group in Vietnam. Their population is about 1,452,095 people
(2019). They mainly live in northern provinces such as Hoà Bình, Thanh Hoá, Phú Thọ and Sơn La.
There 2) _________ different Mường groups, and they wear different clothing styles. Some wear
similar clothing to the Thái, and others wear 3) _________ same clothing as the Kinh.
Mường women wear clothes with 4) _________ robe, headscarf and skirt. Mường women wear neck
rings, and Mường men wear tunics and pants. 5) _________ the Kinh and other ethnic groups, the
Mường celebrate Tet. During Tet, the Mường people pray to their ancestors and eat their traditional
dishes.
1. A.  B. a C. an D. the
2. A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. A.  B. a C. an D. the
4. A.  B. a C. an D. the
5. A. Like B. Same C. Similar D. Different
b. Read the text about the Tày people. Answer each question with ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER.
With an estimated 1.7 million people, the Tày are among the largest minority groups in Vietnam. They
mainly live in northern Vietnam, in provinces such as Cao Bang, Lạng Sơn, Bắc Cạn, Thái Nguyên,
Quảng Ninh and some parts of Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang. The Tày are also well-known by another
name, Tho, which means land and local.
Like other ethnic groups, the Tày practice various beliefs and lifestyles. The Kinh's culture and
language also influence them. For example, they paint their teeth black, and thirty percent of their
language is derived from Vietnamese. The Tày are famous for their traditional arts and crafts. They
make beautiful brocade. The Tày often use this type of cloth to make blankets, pillows or costumes
for special occasions, while their clothing is not as colorful as that of other ethnic minorities, it is
made of cotton with indigo colors and has little embroidery or decoration. Tày men typically wear
pants and a shirt or T-shirt while women wear skirts or pants, a polo shirt and a black scarf.
6. What area of Vietnam do most of the Tày people live? ______________
7. By what name the Tày people are also commonly called? ______________
8. How much of the Toy’s language is from Vietnamese? ______________
9. What material do the Tày people use to make blankets and special costumes? ______________
10. What is the main color of the Tày people's clothing? ______________

Speaking
Complete the conversation using the sentences in the box.
A. Yes, I did. It was enjoyable.
B. They make beautiful pottery utensils.
C. Chăm men wear hats, and Chăm women wear long belts over their shoulders.
D. My family and I went to Ninh Thuận, a province of Vietnam.
E. Because we were interested in studying the culture of the Chăm.
Aaron: Did you enjoy your summer vacation?
Daniel: 1) ____________________________________________________________________
Aaron: Great! Where did you go?
Daniel: 2) ____________________________________________________________________
Aaron: Why did you travel there?
Daniel: 3) ____________________________________________________________________
Aaron: What could you discover?
Daniel: 4) ____________________________________________________________________
Aaron: What else did you find out?
Daniel: 5) ____________________________________________________________________
Aaron: That's great! Did you buy any?
Daniel: No, we didn't.

Writing
a. Put a tick (✓) next to the sentence that has the correct use of the, a/an or zero article ( ). If a
sentence is incorrect, underline the mistake and correct it.
 1. Canh thụt is a traditional dish of the M'Nong. ______________
 2. The Thái are a ethnic group in northern Vietnam. ______________
 3. The Mường people have population of about 1.5 million. ______________
 4. The Nùng people have a large collection of the folk songs. ______________
 5. The Hoa people in Ho Chi Minh City live mainly in the Chợ Lớn. ______________
b. Make questions for the underlined words
6. The Chăm mainly live in southern Vietnam.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. They make pottery products by hand.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The Chăm women usually wear long shirts and belts.
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. A special piece of cloth can take up to 15 days to make.
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. A skilled Cham woman can make enough cloth for a simple skirt each day.
__________________________________________________________________________________
 UNIT 8:
TRADITIONS OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN VIETNAM
LESSON 2
LESSON SUMMARY

VOCABULARY CD2-028
Word/Phrase Meaning Example
blouse (n) a shirt for a woman or girl A Tày Khao woman often wears a
/blaʊz/ blouse in white
apron (n) a piece of clothing worn to keep My mom always wears an apron
/ˈeɪprən/ clothes from getting dirty when when cooking.
cooking
sticky rice (n) a type of rice grown especially in I often have sticky rice for
/ˌstɪki ˈraɪs/ South- East Asia, which is sticky breakfast.
when cooked
steamed (adj) being cooked with hot gas from Steamed food is good for health
/sti:md/ boiling water because it contains little fat.
utensil (n) a tool that you use when you are A wok is a good utensil for stir-
/juːˈtensl/ cooking frying.
corn (n) a tall plant with yellow hard seeds On the way back to my
/kɔːrn/ that people can cook as a hometown, I can see huge fields
vegetable or make flour from of corn.

GRAMMAR
Reported speech for questions
We use reported speech to say or repeat questions someone asked before the time of speaking.
To change the questions to reported speech, we:
 use reporting verbs such as ask, wonder, etc.
 keep the question word (who, what, where, etc.) in a Wh- question.
Ben asked, "What do the H'Mcrng people do for a living?"
 Ben asked what the H'Mong people did for a living.
 use if/whether when reporting Yes-No questions.
Ben asked, "Does your family celebrate the New Year?"
 Ben asked if/whether my family celebrated the New Year.

PRONUNCIATION
Pronouncing /əʊ/ and /aʊ/ - CD2-29
/əʊ/ /aʊ/
• cold /kəʊld/ • blow/bləʊ/ • cow/kaʊ/ • town /taʊn/
• know/nəʊ/ • sold /səʊld/ • out /aʊt/ • blouse /blaʊs/
• hold /həʊld/ • shoulder /ˈʃəʊldər/ • owl /aʊl/ • ground /graʊnd/

PRACTICE
Pronunciation
Circle the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. how B. bow C. wow D. flow
2. A. down B. show C. low D. snow
3. A. house B. around C. sound D. shoulder
4. A. foul B. doubt C. though D. pound
5. A. found B. dough C. ground D. count

Vocabulary
a. Match the words or phrases in the box with their definitions/descriptions.

A. blouse B. apron C. sticky rice D. steamed E. corn

1. This is a type of clothing for women only. __________

2. You wear this to keep you clean when cooking. __________
3. You can cook and eat this type of plant as a vegetable. __________
4. This means being cooked with hot air from boiling water. __________
5. This type of food is very popular in some southeastern Asian countries. __________
b. Complete the sentences using the words in Exercise a.
6. My sister's favorite outfit for school is a(n) __________ and a pair of jeans.
7. She's on a diet, so she just has __________ vegetables.
8. In my hometown, people often have __________ for a quick and cheap breakfast.
9. __________ is a very important type of food for humans.
10. My mom likes wearing a(n) __________ when she does the cooking.

Grammar
a. Circle ONE mistake in each sentence.
1. I asked how the Khmer celebrate their New Year.
A. asked B. how C. celebrate D. their
2. She asked why did they held the ceremony every year.
A. asked B. did C. held D. year
3. The students asked what the Pu Péo are famous for.
A. students B. the C. are D. for
4. She asked did the Kinh usually wore áo dài.
A. asked B. did C. usually D. wore
5. He said that the embroidery on the cloth is beautiful.
A. said B. the C. the D. is
b. Circle the best options.
6. "Do you make any crafts?" Kim asked them.
A. She asked if they make any crafts.
B. She asked if they made any crafts.
C. She asked whether they make any crafts.
D. She asked whether did they make any crafts.
7. "When do you eat dinner at your house?" she asked Tom and Jane.
A. She asked when she eats dinner at her house.
B. She asked when he eats dinner at his house.
C. She asked when they ate dinner at their house.
D. She asked if they ate dinner at their house.
8. "What are your traditional clothes like, Mary?" asked Andy.
A. He asked what her traditional clothes were like.
B. He asked what his traditional clothes are like.
C. He asked what were her traditional clothes like.
D He asked what were his traditional clothes like.
9. "How do you celebrate the New Year?” asked Anna.
A. She asked how do they celebrate the New Year.
B. She asked how did they celebrate the New Year.
C. She asked how they celebrate the New Year.
D. She asked how they celebrated the New Year.
10. "Do you have any folk tales?" asked Ben.
A. He asked if they did have any folk tales.
B. He asked if did they have any folk tales.
C. He asked whether they had any folk tales.
D. He asked whether they have any folk tales.

Listening
a. Listen to Anna and Paul. Answer each question with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. - CD2-30
1. Who did Anna interview? _____________
2. Where is her hometown? _____________
3. What are her traditional clothes like? _____________
4. What crafts do the villagers make? _____________
5. What was her job in the past? _____________
b. Listen to Kate talking about her trip to Tả Phin village. Circle the best options. - CD2-31
6. When did she visit the village?
A. in 2009 B. in 2019 C. in July 2009 D. in July 2019
7. What was the teenage girl like?
A. cold B. friendly C. unfriendly D. active
8. What are the traditional clothing for the Red Dao men like?
A. all red B. mostly red C. mostly black D. very colorful
9. What craft do the Red Dao make?
A. hat B. headscarf C. blouse D. jewelry
10. What does a Red Dao family do to welcome a new year?
A. They meet each other. B. They play traditional music.
C. They cook traditional food. D. They play some folk games.

Speaking
Circle the correct options.
1. Do the Chu Ru people make crafts?
A. Yes, they are. B. No, they aren't. C. No, they didn't. D. Yes, they do.
2. Do they have traditional arts and crafts?
A. Yes, they did. B. Yes, they do. C. No, they are not. D Yes, they are expensive.
3. Where did you stay when you visited their village?
A. I visited a local market. B. I went to a farm.
C. I stayed in a stilt house. D. I went to the countryside.
4. Where did you travel last summer?
A. I went to Hà Giang. B. I went with my brothers.
C. I went by motorbike. D. The weather was lovely.
5. What are their traditional clothing like?
A Men wear shirts and pants. B. Women make beautiful clothes.
C They wear traditional clothes. D. They are almost black.

Writing
a. Put the words in the correct order to make complete sentences.
1. asked / what / clothes / were / for / Tết. / John / traditional / our
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Pu Péo I traditions / asked / boy / what / young / his / were. / They / a
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. friend / me / where / country. / the / Chăm / My / asked / lived / in / my
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. The / rice / asked / if / visitor / the / grew / and / corn / for / a / living. / Nùng
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. cơm lam I groups. / Her / brother / was I a I traditional / dish / among / ethnic / wondered / if
___________________________________________________________________________________
b. Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.
6. "What do the Chăm do for a living?" my father asked.
 My father asked what
7. "Do the Tày wear headscarves?" my sister asked.
 My sister asked whether
8. "Where do ethnic people often live?" asked Steve.
 Steve asked where
9. "What do the Vietnamese eat during Tết holiday?" asked Jack.
 Jack wondered what
10. "Do ethnic groups in the mountains speak the same language?" Mia asked.
 Mia wondered if
 UNIT 8:
TRADITIONS OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN VIETNAM
LESSON 3
LESSON SUMMARY

VOCABULARY CD02-32
Word/Phrase Meaning Example
homestay (n) the accommodation for tourists in I prefer a homestay whenever
/ˈhəʊmsteɪ/ the home of a local family traveling to Đà Lạt.
stilt house (n) /stɪlt a house built on and supported by Stilt houses are quite popular in the
‘haʊs/ long pieces of wood Central Highlands.
gong (n) a round piece of metal which is During a festival, ethnic people play
/ɡɒŋ/ hung and hit to make a sound the gong and drink wine.
folk (n) in a traditional style of a My grandma used to sing folk songs
/fəʊk/ community to help me sleep.
local (n) /ˈləʊkl/ in or related to the area that you Ask the local people for directions
live in when you're lost.
traditional(adj) /trə relating to or based on very old Áo dài is the traditional dress of
ˈdɪʃənl/ customs, beliefs or stories Vietnam
celebrate (v) to do something special on a We want to go to a restaurant to
/ˈselɪbreɪt/ specific day or occasion celebrate his birthday.
decorate (v) to add something to an object or The Vietnamese often decorate
/ˈdekəreɪt/ place to make it beautiful their houses before Tết holiday.
lunar year (n) a year according to the calendar of The first day of a lunar year is the
/ˌluːnər ˈjɪr/ China, Vietnam and some other most important day to Vietnamese
East Asian countries people.

WRITING
A passage about a trip
1) Facts 1) Last summer, I had an exciting trip to Tả Phin Village
where you traveled, when you traveled, in Lào Cai Province. 2) I joined lots of fun activities
who you traveled with, etc. during the trip. I visited a Red Dao traditional stilt
2) Examples house. I learned how Red Dao women made colorful
I participated in many interesting costumes from dyeing to weaving and sewing. I think
activities during the trip. they are very skilled people. I also ate many traditional
I visited... foods like meat, sticky rice and soup. They were tasty! 3)
I learned... As for me, the trip was such an enjoyable experience. I
I also tried... think you should discover this village if you have a
3) Opinions chance.
I find the trip amazing.
I think you should visit …

PRACTICE
Vocabulary
a. Match the words to their definitions.

folk lunar year home stay traditional stilt house

1. The holiday is on the first day of the third month of the _______________.
2. I saw a _______________ Tày music and dance performance.
3. Tuồng (hát bội) is one of my favorite Vietnamese _______________ music types.
4. Many visitors find it exciting to live in a _______________ when visiting an ethnic village.
5. People can choose to stay at a hotel or a(n) _______________ when going on vacation.
b. Complete the text using the words or phrase in the box.

stilt house locals decorate folk gong

Last Tết, I had an enjoyable trip to Đắk Lak, a province in the Central Highlands, Vietnam. To learn
about the culture of the local people, I stayed at a homestay. That was my first time to stay in a 6)
_______________. It was beautiful. It took the owner a month to 7) _______________ it for the
celebration of Tết. The 8) _______________ were friendly and pleasant. It was like home! I got to eat
traditional food while watching 9) _______________ dancing. I learned to sing some famous 10)
_______________ songs, too. They were interesting.
I can’t wait to come back for more.

Listening
a. Listen to a podcast about the Thái people. Fill in each gap with ONE WORD. CD02-33
1. The Thái people have their own __________ and culture.
2. There are a lot of __________ tales in the Thái culture.
3. The Thái men are good at making wooden __________ and baskets.
4. Thái women often wash their hair in a __________ on the last day.
5. After they wash their hair, they have a __________ before going home.
b. Listen to Ava and Liam. Write T (true) or F (false). CD02-34
6. Ava's traveling to Vietnam on her next vacation. __________
7. There are ethnic people across the country. __________
8. All the ethnic people make their own clothing. __________
9. All the ethnic groups still live in stilt houses. __________
10. The gong is a musical instrument of some ethnic groups. __________

Reading
a. Read the text about the food of some ethnic groups. Circle the correct answers.
When we talk about Vietnamese food, phở is well-known worldwide for its delicious flavor. Also,
other foods from many ethnic minorities across the country will amaze you with their delicious tastes.
Cơm lam is a must-try dish 1) __________ you visit the Central Highlands. The food comes with grilled
pork or some poultry such as chicken.
Pa pỉnh tộp is 2) __________ fish dish. It is very popular among the Thái people in the northwest
region of Vietnam. The local people use fish 3) __________ pa pỉnh tộp often come from lakes or
streams nearby. It is fresh!
In the Mekong Delta, cà ri đỏ is a Khmer rice noodle. It is a popular dish 4) __________ breakfast
among the Khmer people. The taste of the food can be different across the region. If you can 5)
__________ the area, try it at least once.
1. A. when B. and C. so D. so that
2. A.  B. a C. an D. the
3. A. makes B. make C. making D. to make
4. A. in B. at C. for D. in
5. A. visit B. visits C. visiting D. to visit
b. Read the text about some celebrations of ethnic minorities. Complete the summary using the
words from the text.
After a harvest season, some ethnic groups in the Central Highlands, such as the Ê-đê,Gia Rai, M'Nong
and several other ethnic people, celebrate the New Rice Festival. This event serves as a time to
express gratitude to the God of Rice for past year's healthy crops. It is also an occasion to pray for
favorable weather conditions in the upcoming year. During the festival, both men and women dress
up in traditional clothing and participate in a variety of exciting activities, such as folk games and
performing arts.
In northern Vietnam, ethnic groups such as the Pu Péo, Nùng and Red Dao celebrate the Forest
Opening Festival. This festival is a demonstration of their beliefs and a way to show thanks to the
Forest God, while also raising public awareness about the importance of protecting forests and
conserving water resources. During the festival, both men and women usually dress up in their
traditional clothes. They prepare and eat traditional foods. Men play folk songs with the gong while
women have traditional dances. Besides the food and dances, they also play folk games.

The Ê-đê, Gia Rai, M'Nong and several other 6) __________ people mark the New Rice Festival,
while the Pu Péo, Nùng and Red Dao 7) __________ the Forest New Year Festival. These
celebrations are how the people show their 8) __________ and thanks to the gods. There are 9)
__________ food, music and dance and 10) __________ performances at the festivals.

Speaking
Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.
A. It’s about the Chăm people in An Giang, Vietnam.
B. I am watching a documentary for my presentation.
C. Chăm women cover their hair with a scarf when they are outside.
D. Yes, they are. The Chăm people still make and sell special silk.
E. A lot. Tung Lò Mò is one of their excellent foods. It's like beef sausage.
Lucy: Hi, Layla. What are you doing?
Layla: (1) _________________________________________________________________________
Lucy: Oh, what is it about?
Layla: (2) _________________________________________________________________________
Lucy: Are they good at arts and crafts?
Layla: (3) _________________________________________________________________________
Lucy: Do they have any special dishes?
Layla: (4) _________________________________________________________________________
Lucy: Anything else interesting about the Cham's clothing?
Layla: (5) _________________________________________________________________________
Lucy: How interesting!

Writing
a. Match the descriptions to the parts of a passage about a trip to an ethnic village.
A. How you felt
B. What you did
C. When and where you went
D. What's your opinion
E. Who you met
1) _____ Last year, I had a fantastic vacation at K'răng Gọ Village in Lâm Đồng Province. 2) _____ I met
a Chu Ru family, and they were friendly. 3) _____ During my trip, I took part in different activities. I
learned how to make clay utensils when I was in their place. They also taught me to make cơm lam.
After hours of practice, I could make my first lunch ever. 4) _____ That was fascinating. 5) _____ The
trip was an enjoyable experience for me. I think you will have a great experience once you visit the
village.
b. Write a passage about a trip you took to an ethnic village. Write 80-100 words or more.
In my writing, I use correct ...
 vocabulary 
 grammar 
 spelling 
 punctuation 
 linking words 
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