I = Inner Hair Cells P = Pillar Cells

O = Outer Hair Cells D = Deiter’s Cells

The Stereocilia on IHCs and OHCs

OHCs (at top)

V or W shaped ranks

IHC (at bottom)

straight line ranks
Cochlear Functions
Transduction- Converting acoustical-
mechanical energy into electro-chemical
energy.

Frequency Analysis-Breaking sound up into

its component frequencies
Transduction-
□Inner Hair Cells are the true sensory
transducers, converting motion of
stereocilia into neurotransmitter release.
Mechanical Electro-chemical
□Outer Hair Cells have both forward and
reverse transduction--
Mechanical  Electro-chemical
Mechanical Electro-chemical
Frequency Analysis-the Traveling Wave
Bekesy studied cochleae from cadavers,
developed the Traveling Wave theory
1. Response always begins at the base
2. Amplitude grows as it travels apically
3. Reaches a peak at a point determined by
frequency of the sound
4. Vibration then dies out rapidly
Gustation and Olfaction
Sensori Pembau dan Pengecap)
Why do we study taste and smell
together?
SENSORY INTERACTION?the principle that one
sense may influence another.
The senses of taste and smell have a very
cooperative working relationship.
QMany of the subtle distinctions you may
think of as flavors really come from odors
■ Often, if you can’t smell the food, you can’t
taste the food.
Gustation - The Sense of Taste
< What is the central muscle involved in
taste?
 Five Distinct Tastes:
Five Distinct Tastes:
 .
 .
 .
 .
 Umami: the taste of glutamate (MSG) – savory taste
in meat and cheese
 Five Distinct Tastes:
Five Distinct Tastes:
 Each of these tastes developed as survival
functions, according to evolutionary
psychology.
Sw'eet - energy source
So ur - potential! y toxic acid
Bit ter - potential poisons
Salty – sodium essential to physiological
processes
Umami – proteins to grow and repair tissue