FAJARDO, RAZELLE

MEDSURG: OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE DISEASE TRENDS AND ISSUES

Automa'c detec'on of obstruc've and restric've lung disease from

features extracted from ECG and ECG derived respira'on signals
(Surita Sarkar, Parthasarathi BhaAacharyya, Madhuchhanda Mitra, Saurabh Pal)

The arJcle tackles about that in order to preserve healthy lung funcJon and lower
worldwide mortality rates, it addresses the significance of early idenJficaJon of obstrucJve and
restricJve lung illnesses. ConvenJonal diagnosJc techniques are criJcized for being expensive,
uncomfortable, reliant on paJent effort, and interfering with breathing naturally. As a result, non-
invasive, affordable, and trustworthy methods are required. The paper suggests an automaJc
strategy for idenJfying these disorders based on ECG and ECG-derived respiraJon (EDR) signals.
DisJncJve traits are obtained from the temporal informaJon derived from morphological
differences in these signals. In a research comprising ninety paJents, supervised classifiers
disJnguished between normal, obstrucJve, and restricJve categories with over 98% accuracy.
The findings point to the possible efficacy of the suggested approach in the first diagnosis of
restricJve and obstrucJve lung disorders.

Due to causes including air polluJon and changing lifestyles, respiratory disorders are
becoming more commonplace worldwide and placing a heavy strain on society and governments.
For prevenJon and management, early discovery and appropriate treatment are essenJal. By
harnessing untapped potenJal in EDR analysis, this study suggests a way for detecJng restricJve
and obstrucJve lung disorders using ECG data. Notwithstanding certain drawbacks, the technique
has some noteworthy benefits, such as increased paJent comfort, ease of use, and affordability.
The use of single-lead ECG enables discreet monitoring. High classificaJon accuracy is made
possible by features taken from EDR and ECG signals, which establish the suggested approach as
a trustworthy subsJtute for disease detecJon. A portable medical gadget with automaJc
respiratory disease diagnosis could result from further research.

Moving towards a Treatable Traits model of care for the management of

obstruc've airways diseases
(Alvar AgusJ, Neil Barnes, et. Al.)

The tradiJonal stepwise pharmaceuJcal techniques are being challenged by the growing
understanding of asthma and chronic obstrucJve pulmonary disease (COPD) as complicated and
heterogeneous illnesses. Rather, a specific treatment plan founded on Treatable Traits is
suggested, with the goal of providing more accurate care. Although preliminary data indicates
that this method improves results, pu^ng it into pracJce presents difficulJes. To improve and
direct its use, more study is required. All things considered, the move toward parJcular aAenJon
is a posiJve step toward improving the treatment of long-term respiratory condiJons like COPD
and asthma.

The increased understanding of the complexity and variability of COPD and asthma, with
a focus on how tradiJonal methods frequently fall short in addressing these variables. One
potenJal soluJon is the Treatable Traits (TTs) approach, which focuses on the various aspects of
these diseases that vary throughout paJents and over Jme, such as differences in the underlying
pathophysiology and clinical presentaJon. A rising amount of research supports the potenJal of
the TTs method for treaJng chronic respiratory illnesses, according to personalized medicine
strategies.

Burden of chronic obstruc've pulmonary disease and its a@ributable

risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Saeid Safiri, KrisJn Carson-Chahhoud, et. Al.)

The arJcle presents a thorough summary of the prevalence of chronic obstrucJve

pulmonary disease (COPD) and the risk factors that are linked to it worldwide from 1990 to 2019.
With a global frequency of 212.3 million cases, COPD was responsible for 3.3 million deaths and
74.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019, according to data gathered from the
Global Burden of Disease 2019 project for 204 countries and territories. While COPD death,
prevalence, and DALY rates have all declined since 1990, there have been significant rises over
the research period in Egypt, Georgia, and Nicaragua, and higher prevalence rates in Denmark,
Myanmar, and Belgium. Numerous factors, including smoking, polluJon, and occupaJonal
exposures, greatly increase the burden of COPD. Even with advancements, COPD is sJll a serious
public health concern, parJcularly in naJons with low sociodemographic indexes. In order to
lessen the effects of COPD, the statement emphasizes the value of prevenJve acJons like qui^ng
smoking, improving air quality, and lowering occupaJonal exposures.