Index

SR. PG.
CONTENT
NO. NO.
1 Abstract
Chapter1
Introduction 1-5
Background
Objective
2 Advantage
Purpose
Scope
Applicability

Chapter2
Survey of Technologies 6-10
3 Android Studio
XML
JAVA
Firebase
Chapter3
Requirements and Analysis 11-14
4 Problem Definition
Requirement Specification
Planning and Scheduling
Chapter 4 15
5 Software and Hardware
Requirement
Preliminary Product Description
Chapter5 16-27
6
Coding
Chapter 6 28-33

7 Circuit diagram/E-R Diagram/Class Diagram

Flow chart
Block diagram
Chapter7 34-36
8 Conclusion
Spiral Model
9 References 37
 ABSTRACT

The Hospital System Management project is a comprehensive initiative aimed at

modernizing healthcare operations. This solution focuses on digitizing patient records,
optimizing resource allocation, and facilitating seamless communication among hospital
staff. Key features include Electronic Health Records for secure data storage, appointment
scheduling, automated billing, and a collaborative communication platform. The project
expects to improve patient care, enhance operational efficiency, and foster better
communication among healthcare providers. With a significance in promoting digital
transformation in healthcare facilities, the project is poised to bring about increased
efficiency and improved overall healthcare management upon its completion

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Our Hospital Management System (HMS) is a cutting-edge solution designed to

revolutionize healthcare administration and enhance patient care. With the ever-increasing
complexities of hospital operations, our comprehensive system streamlines administrative
tasks, optimizes resource management, and empowers healthcare professionals with efficient
tools for patient record management and communication. From patient registration and
appointment scheduling to electronic health records (EHR) management and billing, our
HMS offers an integrated, user-friendly platform that improves the overall efficiency of
healthcare delivery. It's the ultimate solution for modern hospitals and healthcare facilities
looking to provide seamless, patient-centric care while efficiently managing their operations.

1.1 Background:
Healthcare Information Systems, have emerged as a response to the growing complexity of
healthcare institutions and the need for streamlined operations. Traditionally, hospitals relied
on cumbersome manual processes for patient management, record- keeping, billing, and
resource control.
With the rise of computer technology, HMS evolved to digitize and integrate various aspects
of hospital operations, including patient records, appointment scheduling, billing, inventory
management, and more.
Over the decades, HMS has adapted to technological advancements, paving the way for
electronic healthrecords (EHR), telemedicine, and cloud-based solutions.
Today, HMS serves as the backbone of modern healthcare management, enhancing patient
care, reducing administrative burdens.

1.2 Objectives:

➢ Enhance Patient Care

➢ Streamline Hospital Operations
➢ Improve Patient Experience
➢ Efficient Data Management
➢ Effective Financial Management
➢ Resource Optimization
➢ Data Analysis and Reporting
➢ Compliance and Security
➢ Interoperability
➢ Continuous Improvement

1.3 PURPOSE:
The purpose of a Hospital Management System (HMS) is to streamline healthcare operations,
improve patient care, and optimize resource
management within a healthcare facility, ultimately enhancing the overall efficiency and
quality of healthcare services.

1.4 SCOPE:
Thescope of Hospital Management Systems(HMS) encompasses digitizing
healthcareoperations, including patientrecords, appointments, billing,
andresourcemanagement, to improve efficiency and patient care while adhering to regulatory
standards. It alsoextends to integratingemergingtechnologiesliketelemedicine
anddataanalytics to enhancehealthcareservicesfurther.
1.5 APPLICABILITY:
It is applicable in hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities of all sizes, enabling efficient
patientdatamanagement, appointment scheduling, and streamlined operations, while also
facilitating compliance with healthcare
regulations. They enhance patient care and operational efficiency across the healthcare
industry.

CHAPTER 2

Survey of Technologies

FRONT END
VISUAL STUDIO CODE:

Visual Studio Code is a free source-code editor made by Microsoft for Windows, Linux and
macOS. Features include support for debugging, syntax highlighting, intelligent code
completion, snippets, code refactoring, and embedded Git. Users can change the theme,
keyboard shortcuts, preferences, and install extensions that add additional functionality.

Visual Studio Code's source code comes from Microsoft's free and open- source software
VSCode project released under the permissive Expat License, but the compiled binaries are
freeware for any use.

In the Stack Overflow 2019 Developer Survey, Visual Studio Code was ranked the most
popular developer environment tool, with 50.7% of 87,317 respondents reporting that they
use it.
LANGUAGES USED:-

HTML:

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents
designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render
the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images
and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML
provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text
such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are
delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and
<input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <p> surround and
provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements.
Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects
the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of
content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and
current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit
presentational HTML since 1997.

CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a cornerstone technology in web development, providing a
means to control the visual presentation of HTML elements. Its structure is rule-based, with
selectors targeting specific HTML elements and declarations defining the styles to be applied.
These declarations encompass a wide range of properties including color, typography,
spacing, alignment, and more. Selectors can be based on element type, class, ID, or other
attributes, granting developers granular control over styling.

CSS embraces inheritance, allowing styles to cascade down from parent elements to children,
ensuring consistency across a webpage. However, conflicts can arise, which are resolved
through specificity, importance, and source order. Media queries enable responsive design,
facilitating the adaptation of layouts to different screen sizes and devices.

To ensure cross-browser compatibility, developers employ vendor prefixes for experimental

or browser-specific features. Additionally, CSS can be modularized for better organization
and maintainability, with preprocessors like Sass and Less offering advanced features such as
variables and mixins.

Efficient CSS coding practices, including minimizing redundancy and optimizing

performance, are crucial for enhancing webpage loading speed and user experience.

JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that conforms to the

ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-
paradigm. It has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation,
and first-class functions.

Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the core technologies of the World
Wide Web. JavaScript enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web
applications. The vast majority of websites use it for client-side page behavior, and all major
web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute it.

As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven, functional, and

imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for
working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document
Object Model (DOM). However, the language itself does not include any input/output (I/O),
such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, as the host environment (usually a web
browser) provides those APIs.

JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but they are now
embedded in some servers, usually via Node.js. They are also embedded in a variety of
applications created with frameworks such as Electron and Cordova.
Although there are similarities between JavaScript and Java, including language
name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ
greatly in design.

BACKEND: -

JSON:
It is short for JavaScript Object Notation, serves as a popular data interchange format known
for its simplicity and ease of use. It provides a lightweight and readable way to represent
structured data, making it ideal for transmitting information between servers and web
applications. JSON syntax closely resembles JavaScript object literal notation, featuring key-
value pairs and supporting various data types like strings, numbers, arrays, and objects. Its
widespread adoption across different programming languages and platforms underscores its
versatility in facilitating seamless data exchange in modern web development.

Python:
A high-level programming language renowned for its readability and versatility, seamlessly
integrates with JSON through its built-in `json` module. This module offers functions for
parsing JSON strings into native Python data structures and vice versa, enabling developers
to work with JSON data effortlessly within Python applications.
Python's simplicity and robustness make it a preferred choice for handling JSON data,
whether it's fetching data from APIs, processing configuration files, or exchanging
information between different components of a software system. This seamless
interoperability between Python and JSON contributes to the language's prominence in web
development, data analysis, and beyond.

Bootstrap :
Bootstrap is a popular open-source front-end framework used for designing and developing
responsive and mobile-first websites and web applications. It provides a collection of pre-
built HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components, along with a grid system and other utilities, to
facilitate the process of creating visually appealing and functional user interfaces.

One of the key features of Bootstrap is its grid system, which allows developers to create
responsive layouts that adapt to different screen sizes and devices, ensuring a consistent user
experience across desktops, tablets, and smartphones. This grid system simplifies the process
of organizing content and designing layouts by providing a flexible and customizable
framework for arranging elements on a web page. Overall, Bootstrap streamlines the process
of web development by providing a comprehensive set of tools and resources for building
modern, responsive, and visually appealing websites and web applications. Whether you're a
beginner or an experienced developer, Bootstrap can help you save time and effort in creating
professional-looking user interfaces for your projects.

FRONT END / GUI Tools

Python

DBMS/ BACK END MY SQL

Python, HTML, CSS,

LANGUAGES
JavaScript

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES PHP, JavaScript, Python

Patient Management, Clinical

Management, Billing and
Accounting, Inventory
APPLICATION AREAS Management, Appointment
Reminders, Telemedicine
Integration, Healthcare Analytics,
Reporting and Dashboards,
Security and Access Control
 CHAPTER 3

Requirements and Analysis

3.1 Problem Definition

The problem definition for a Hospital Management System (HMS) involves identifying and
articulating the specific challenges or inefficiencies within the hospital's operations that the
system aims to address. Here's a concise problem definition for an HMS:
These challenges highlight the need for an integrated Hospital Management System that
automates routine tasks, centralizes data management, and enhances communication and
collaboration across departments. The HMS aims to streamline hospital operations, improve
patient care quality, and optimize resource utilization, ultimately enhancing overall efficiency
and effectiveness of healthcare delivery."

3.2 Requirement Specification

Functional Requirements:
The website incorporates robust user management functionalities, allowing patients, medical
staff, and administrators to securely register and log in.
Patients have the capability to update personal information, access medical history, and
manage appointments. Medical staff can efficiently access and update patient records, while
administrators have control over user
account management.

Appointment handling is streamlined with online scheduling, rescheduling, and cancellation

options for patients, alongside efficient appointment
schedule management for medical staff. Automated reminders are sent to both patients and
staff to minimize no-shows and optimize scheduling.
Security and compliance are paramount, with data security measures such as encryption and
access controls implemented to comply with healthcare regulations. Regular security audits
and vulnerability assessments are conducted to ensure ongoing compliance and to safeguard
against
potential threats or breaches.

Non-functional Requirements:
The website prioritizes performance and scalability by offering a responsive user experience
with fast page loading times. It's designed to handle growth in users, patients, and data
volumes, ensuring scalability without compromising performance.

Reliability and availability are ensured with high system availability and minimal downtime
for maintenance. Backup and disaster recovery plans are in place to mitigate the risk of data
loss
Usability and documentation are key aspects, with an intuitive, user-friendly interface
designed for both patients and medical staff. Comprehensive documentation is provided for
users, administrators, and developers to facilitate ease of use and development.

The website maintains compliance with healthcare regulations such as HIPAA and GDPR,
ensuring the security and privacy of patient data. Ongoing maintenance and technical support
are available to address any issues and provide updates in accordance with regulatory
requirements.

3.3 Planning and Scheduling:

Planning and scheduling are a complicated part of software development.

Planning, for our purposes, can be thought of as determining all the small tasks that must be
carried out in order to accomplish the goal. Planning also takes into account, rules, known as
constraints, which, control when certain tasks can or cannot happen. Scheduling can be
thought of as determining whether adequate resources are available to carry out the plan.
Purpose of planning and scheduling is that to finish work properly in the given time period.

For our project, planning was started from the month of June. In the planning
process, we have discussed about the project purpose, reason of the existence, comparison
with the existing work and the new thing to be developed in the beginning part. In the later
section, after having the clear vision of the project, we started working on documentation.
During the planning part, we have also discussed about the software and hardware
requirement and the languages required for coding.

After all the planning part is done, according to it scheduling of work was started.
In this part, time and resources are distributed according to our requirement. Purpose of
scheduling is that, the work should be done without any obstacles for example, overlapping
two works at the same time or same resource shouldn’t be used at two different places at the
same time. To avoid this circumstance, planning and scheduling is done.

Planning and scheduling can be shown with the help of using Gantt Chart. It
properly shows when the work starts, how much time is required and who is doing which
work. It gives us the overview knowledge of time duration and working structure of the
project. It even helps usto know if the work is going in the estimated time duration or not.

3.4 GANTT Chart

 CHAPTER 4
Software and Hardware

4.1 Software and Hardware Requirements

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

PROCESSOR RAM DISK SPACE

CLIENT 1.6 GHz or faster 1GB 200MB disk
SIDE processor RAM space
SERVER Server 2GB As per the size
SIDE Environment RAM of
Capable the database
Hardware
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

FRONT END Visual Studio

Code
BACKEND MySQL
OPERATING SYSTEM Windows 10

USER INTERFACE DESIGN:

In the industrial design field of human-computer interaction, a user

interface (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and
machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation
and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine
simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-
making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include
the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy
machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design
considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to, or
involve such disciplines as, ergonomics and psychology.

Home Screen:
Patient Page:

Doctor Page:

Appointment:
Appointment Entry:

Patient Entry

Doctor Entry:
Search:
 CHAPTER 6

System Design

User Management:
Handles user registration, login, and profile management for patients, medicalstaff,
andadministrators.

Patient Management:
Stores and manages patient records, including personal information, medicalhistory,
andinsurancedetails.

Appointment Management:
Facilitates appointment scheduling,
rescheduling, and cancellationforpatientsandefficientappointment
managementformedicalstaff.

Doctor Management:
Hospital Management System (HMS) is a software solution designed to streamline and
automate various
administrative, clinical, and operational tasks within a healthcare facility, specifically
focusing on managing doctor-related activities. Here's an overview of the key features and
functionalities typically found in such a system: Doctor Scheduling Enables the efficient
scheduling and management of doctor appointments, including appointment booking,
rescheduling, and cancellation.

ER DIAGRAM

What is ER Diagram?
ER Model is used to model the logical view of the system from data perspective which
consists of these components:
Entity, Entity Type, Entity Set –
An Entity may be an object with a physical existence – a particular person, car,
house, or employee – or it may be an object with a conceptual existence – a Ngo , a job, or a
university course.
An Entity is an object of Entity Type and set of all entities is called as entity set.
e.g.; E1 is an entity having Entity Type Student and set of all students is called Entity Set. In
ER diagram, Entity Type is represented as:

ER DIAGRAM NOTATIONS
Attribute(s):
Attributes are the properties which define the entity type. For example, Roll No,
Name, DOB, Age, Address, Mobile No are the attributes which defines entity type Student.
In ER diagram, attribute is represented by an oval.
 Key Attribute –
The attribute which uniquely identifies each entity in the entity set is called key
attribute. For example, Roll No will be unique for each student. In ER diagram, key attribute
is represented by an oval with underlying lines.

Composite Attribute –
An attribute composed of many other attributes is called as composite attribute.
For example, Address attribute of student Entity type consists of Street, City, State, and
Country. In ER diagram, composite attribute is represented by an oval comprising of
ovals.

Multivalued Attribute –
An attribute consisting more than one value for a given entity. For example, Phone
No (can be more than one for a given student). In ER diagram, multivalued attribute is
represented by double oval.
 Derived Attribute –
An attribute which can be derived from other attributes of the entity type is known
as derived attribute. e.g.; Age (can be derived from DOB). In ER diagram, derived attribute is
represented by dashed oval.

ER DIAGRAM
Use Case Diagram:

SEQUENCE

DIAGRAM

NOTATIONS

Lifelines – A lifeline is a named element which depicts an individual participant in a

sequence diagram. So basically, each instance in a sequence diagram is represented by a
lifeline. Lifeline elements are located at the top in a sequence diagram. The standard in UML
for naming a lifeline follows the following format – Instance Name: Class Name
Messages – Communication between objects is depicted using messages. The messages
appear in a sequential Application on the lifeline. We represent messages using arrows.
Lifelines and messages form the core of a sequence diagram.

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
DEPLOYMENT

DIAGRAM:
COMPONENT DIAGRAM:

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a visual representation that illustrates how data is processed in
a system. It’s a powerful tool used in software engineering, business analysis, and various
other fields to analyze, design, and document systems.
Here are the key components of a data flow diagram:
Processes: Represented by rectangles, processes are activities or transformations that occur in
the system. They can be computations, data manipulations, or other operations.
Data Stores: Represented by two parallel lines, data stores are used to represent where data is
stored within the system. They can be databases, files, or any other form of data repository.
Data Flows: Represented by arrows, data flows depict the movement of data between
processes, data stores, and external entities. They show how data is input, processed, and
output in the system.
External Entities: Represented by squares, external entities are sources or destinations of data
that interact with the system but are not part of it. They can be users, other systems, or
entities outside the scope of the syste
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

The implementation of a Hospital Management System (HMS) is paramount for modern

healthcare facilities seeking to streamline administrative processes, enhance patient care, and
optimize operational efficiency. Throughout this project, the HMS has demonstrated several
significant benefits. Such as Efficient Workflow, Enhanced Patient Care, Data Accuracy and
Security, Resource Optimization.

Future Enhancement:

Looking ahead, there are several avenues for enhancing the HMS to
further elevate its capabilities and address emerging needs in
healthcare management:

❖ Integration with IoT and Wearable Devices: Incorporating IoT

devices and wearable technologies into the HMS can enable real-time
monitoring of patient vital signs and health metrics, providing
healthcare professionals with valuable insights for proactive care
management.

❖ Predictive Analytics: Implementing predictive analytics algorithms

within the HMS can facilitate early detection of diseases, predict
patient outcomes, and optimize treatment plans, thereby improving
overall healthcare delivery.

❖ Telemedicine Integration: Integrating telehealth capabilities within

the HMS can enable remote consultations, virtual appointments, and
telemonitoring services, extending healthcare access to remote or
underserved populations.

❖ Enhanced Mobile Application: Developing a comprehensive mobile

application for the HMS can empower patients to schedule
appointments, access medical records.

By embracing these future enhancements and continuously innovating, the HMS can evolve
into a sophisticated healthcare management platform that not only meets the current needs of
healthcare organizations but also anticipates and adapts to future challenges and opportunities
in the dynamic healthcare landscape.

Spiral Model:
 REFERENCE

Conference and Journals

Conferences:
1. INFORMS Healthcare Conference
2. International Conference on Health Care Systems Engineering (HCSE)
3. International Conference on Healthcare Systems Ergonomics and
Patient Safety (HEPS)
4. International Conference on Health Informatics (HEALTHINF)

Journals:
1. Health Care Management Science
2. Journal of Healthcare Management
3. Health Systems
4. Interfaces

Web Reference
• www.youtube.com
• https://hcmsus.com/
• www.tutorialspoint.com
Here we have named the useful books and websites which I have used in my project
for reference purpose.