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    15 views332 pages

    Steel Papers

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    ahmed.zaky.9289

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 332
    Portal Frame Design Of Portal Frame Yy , + LL. =60~-66.67 tana = 200-300 tana "for Wy=LL. x8 Portal Frame 3) Wind Joad » Wend = (Cox Kxq) x K= Oforh< 10m t ji | for h<20m 0 kgim? in Cairo Pressure side © Vertical surface " surface 1" a Section C.= 408 H owe W,=08x 10x 70x8 a © Inclined Surface " surface 2" depends on inclination of surface Fortana <0.4 -C.=06 For tan a > 08 = C= 408 For0.8 Ltinax 80 Fee = Fis Fox = Mp / Sx Litmax SO use knee bracing to decreas. ifnon compact and So Fh = (14 1.536 if compact see } L 80X80X8 Purlin L 60X60X6, PL 10MM. Sec 3-3: Max -ve Te= tw X (2H) / 12 +2 (Dex ty CH= tp / 2 Se=l ys hsh Fiox = (1-4 if non compact 1.536 if compact see ) a x Sx < Ftex Portal Frame Design of column Choose the critical section |" without wind" or 4 * with wind” 1-Choice of Section: > Me Assume fi, = 1.2 Vern” and get the S. required = i al cm* and from the tables we choose the appropriate IPE 2-Cheek. finaly get faa Fe, fix . Foo, and Ay and check A, $1.00 as previously described in design of rolled columns. gr Portal Frame Side and End grits Both side and end girts are used to mount the side or end cladding, the difference between the two is that the side girts are supported on the main column and men | the end girts are supported on the end gables column. ; q | ~ The acting loads: © Dead Load. ‘Own weight (15 Weight of the st 5-8) kg/m? for single layer. © Wind load ~ In this case the wind load will be a main load so it will be a case A Waint= (Cex K xq) xa C.=08 K=L0 for AS 10 m Ll for h< 20m q= 70 kg/m in Cairo x Side Or End Girt The straining actions. © = W,= due to wind load only ears Vind Load => + 4, Y uals 8 © Wy= due to dead loads only Wy= wexa tow W,xS Dead Load M,=— 8 Such that S is: ‘The span of side girtd = spacing between main frames columns The span of end girts. = spacing between end gables columns. wn Portal Frame And a is: The spacing between side or end girts. 3- Choice of Section: As the channels are non compact sections so F,., = 1.4 ven? Assume S,=7 S, for hot rolled sec. or $.=6 $, for cold formed see i . M,+(60r7)M, By solving the first equation we get the S, required = “17 O74, om 14 And from the tables we choose the appropriate channel. 4- Check \, M eee NB. In case of not satisfied we increase the channel section or use tie rod to reduce My 14 Portal Frame End Gable Column The end gable column is the supporting element of the end girts, its statical system is hinged base and roller connection with the rafter as shown in figure, so there 8 no normal force transmitted from the rafter to the end gable 1+, Design Procedure: 3 The acting loads a, Dead Load. i, Own weight (40 - 60) ke/m™ ii, Weight of the steel sheets w -8) ka/m* for single layer. ui, Weight of the end girts w= (10 - 20) kg/m* b. Wind load: i. In this ease the wind load will be a main load so it will be a case A fi, Woont= (Cex K x q) x S) He arecing 08 0 for #<10 m = Ll for h<20m q= 70 kg/m in Cairo Vind toed 7 4- ‘The staining actions: v a, Wx= due to wind load only Wy= Wong Portal Frame due to dead loads only We (Si XA) + ow. xh + We x (number of girts ) x S; Such that Si = The span of end girts = spacing between end gables columns h= The end gable height 5- Choice of Seetion ind get the S, required = is em? and from the tables we choose the appropriate IPE 6- Check 3+ than= Toy hus = the bigger of ( distance between end girts or height of eres S- Check for compact Section 6- Lina = distance between end girts 20xb, vf 1380 4, Foxd T~ Calculate Lumas = + tex, <1.00 8 And finaly get f,Fe, fix, Feex and Ay and check as previously described in design of rolled columns Purtin Rafter sted connection End guble col bra Portal Frame Example Itis required for the shown industrial building to - 42m _ 24m a. Draw witha suitable scale a complete layout for the main system "2 hinged steel frame” of clear height 8m b. Calculate the loads on the frame for the diff. cases of loading © Design the Col , Rafter , Side girts & end gable column. 104 A ) The general layout. 2.0m 60m f 420m — Ko tom 40m Vertical Bracing 6.0m | Plan tt 4.0m ———_ 14/24 & 6.0m 4 t 1Sm Lom 25m Elevation 10:1 SS 1 = HE { | sm [ht I Oral i r H 8.0m -¢— i? 23m) l | a NL | i | 6.0m 24.0m 15/24 End Gable Section Portal Frame B — loads on frame tana=0.1 a=5.71 y . Wa= ((We / cos a) + Ws )x $= ((5 008 5.71) +25) x6 = 180 kg/m 2) Live load ° LL. = 60 ~ 66.67 tan a = 60 - 66.67 x 0.1 = 53.33 kg/m? W, = LL. x $= 53.33 x6 = 320 kom 3) Wind load Wena (Cox K xq) S 0 forhs 10m . = 11 forh< 20m q= 70 kg/m? in Cairo © Vertical surface " surface 1" y C= 108 Wi =0.8x 1070 x6 = 340 kgm © Inclined Surface * surface 2" tana=0.1<04 C.=-06 Wo= 0.6.x 10x 70 x6 =-250 kg/m Suction side © Vertical surface ” surface 3" Co=05 Ws =-0.5x 1.0% 70x6=-200kgim © Inclined Surface " surface 4” C= 05 Wa = -0.5 x 10x 70 x 6 = -200 kg/m = Wy + W, =0.324+0.18=0.5 vm 16pa Onginal system w, Pressure Suction side | side I 4 Case (A) D.L. + LL. Case (B) W.L. Modified system 6 ton 6ton 3.53 ton Case (A) D.L. + LL. 36 mt Mo Total load | Portal Frame From case A ( Dead + Live Only ) Sto = 2 (36x 12/2 x {8+ 2/3 x12) +( 2/3. x 9x 12) x 8/2 +9.22)) -5040 Si =2(8X8/2 x23 XB+8X 12x (8249.22) +12 12/2 x (8 +28 x12) =2119.25 810+ Xx by =O X= 2.378 From case B ( Wind Load) S10 = 28 x 2.72x8x4-23.2 x 8/2 x23 x8 + 23X45 x12 x 8.6 - 22.56 x 12/2 x84 -0.64 x 12N 2x86 +2/3X3.6x 12 8.6~5.75 x 12X84 FIBXBX16X4-6.4 x82 x23x8 +1540.4 81 = 2(8x8/2N 23 XB+BX 12K (8249.22) 412% 12K (B+W 12) 19.25 dio Xr x81 =0 Xi = 0.72 Final loment 6.06 mt 20mt : i f t 0.16 mt | Case (A) D.L. + LL. J 1 L i Case of wind neglected Design of rafter: o= 13 mt N = neglected Assume f= 1.536 Vem? Sx = 13 x 100 / 1.536 = 850 em? Choose LP.E 360 TRIM Portal Frame Check Dy/ ty = (36-4 x 1.27) /0,8 = 38.6 <82 C/te=8.5/127=6.7< 10.9 Lumax = 20 bf /¥ Fy = 20x 17/\2.4= 219 Sec 2-2: Mtve Luact = a = 200 om < Laiax = 219 See is compact Fhex = 1.536 t/ em? Foe = Mx/ Sx = 1300 / 904 = 1.438 t em? < Foe = 1.536 t/cm? Safe End of the haunch Xtana Xch+Xtana)+WyX YxX My=2.5(84+Xx0.1)+05X7/2-9xX = 0.25 X*-5.75 X+20 20/8 = 2.5 | to get Xs put My 13 =0.25 X, Xn ~ 5.75 Xy +20 29 take length of haunch = 1.5 m 2 to get the point of Zero Shear * beginning of the -ve moment zone * X. put My = zero 0=0.25 X, 5.75 Xo +20 27m Lia = 427m > Ling so use knee bracing and so Fhe = 1.536 vemn* See 3-3: Max -ve I x (2h)? / 12 +2 (be x te h=te/2 8x (729/12 +2. (17x 1.27 (36 - 1.27/29 = 78887 om! Sx = Ik /y = 78887 / 36 = 2191.6 em? Free = 1.536 Vem* x 127 Fix = Mg / Sx = 2000 / 2191.6 = 0.91 Vem? < Frox “yr 194 Portal Frame Design of column Choice of sec 1 Me 20 mt N=6ton 2 Vem? S,= 20x 100 / 1.2 = 1666.6 em? Assume f Choose I.P.E 500 Cheek, Fal Fe+At fin / Fhex $1 Loa =K¥8 Gy = 10 hinged base Gn =(le/ Le) / (Ig / Lg) = (48200 /89/(17270/24)=8.4 K=2.90 Lon = 2.90 x 8= 23.20 m Liou = 4.0m ft. = 2330/20.4 = 113.7 < 180 jana = Lty / ty = 400 /4.31 = 92.8 < 180 Yonax = 113.7 > 100 © = 7500 (113.7) = 0.58 vem" F F 2 vem’ Fal Fe=09<.15 Ay=1.0 Fox = Mx / Sx = 2000 / 1930 = 1.036 t/ 1 Luact = 400 em Lumax = 20 bf/V Fy = 20 x 20/V2.4 Section is non compact or slender Py =-N/A+Mg/S -.052 + 1.036 = .99 052 - 1.036 = -1.09 Dultw=(50~ 4x 16 )/ 102 = 42.7 <(190/ (Fy) x (2+ ¥))) = HLS “t= 10/1 6.25 < 14.8 See is non compact 20/04 Portal Frame Monat / Meg = - 10/20 = Co= 175+ 105 a4.3a7= 13 Frey = 800 AF Cp /( Lud ) = 800 x 20 x 1.6 x 1.3/( 400 x 50) = 1.66 > 14 Frex= 14 t/em? “ease A” safe, 20 10 104 Portal Frame Design Of end gable: 1 The acting loads: h=8+ 12x01 a, Dead Load: i Own weight 50 kg/m’ ii, Weight of the steel sheets iii, Weight of the end girts 2m b. Wind load: i. In this case the wind load will be a main load so it will be a case A ii, Wwina= (Cex K x Sy a C= 08 1.0 for h<10 m 70 kg/m? in Cairo 2. The straining actions Vind Lona he straining action co d a. W,= due to wind load only We= Wont = 0.8 x Lx 70 x6 = 0.336 Um ne E 5s My 22% = 0.3368 9.27/8= 3.55 mt due to dead loads only N= wex (Si Xh) + 0.W. xt Wy X (number of gitts ) x S) N=6x (6x 9.2) +50 9.2 +20 x(5)x6= 14 ton Choice of see: M, = 3.55 mt N= 14 ton 3x 100/ 1.2 7 Assume f= 1.2 vem? 96 erm Choose LP-E 240 Cheek Foal Fe + At fix Foo SU m “wall height " Looe = 9.2 m_ 22004 Portal Frame Lay ty = 250/269 Jove = Lag 2.9-< 180 2.3< 180 = 14-65 x 10° (93) Fae 14/39.1= 035 Vem’ 83 Vem? PalFe= 083 <.15 A, Far =My/S, 951324 = 109t/ om? Loaet = 250 em. Lumax = 20 bf/V Fy = 20x 12/V24= 1549 < 250 Section is non compact or slender Fr=-N/A+M/S,=.035 +1095 1.055 F N/A-My IS. ~035- 109 = -1.195 Perse -937 > 1 Dylt (24-4 80.98 )/0.62 = 2. 38 <(190 /(NFy) x (2 + Y= 1153 Clt=6/998 56.175 < 14.8 See isaen compact C= LB Fit = 800 AFC, /( Lud) = 800 x 12x 0.98 x1 13/(250x24)= 1.7514 Foes = Lot tem? : pplying interaction equation : 843+ 1.0% 1.09; O82<1 "ease A" safe, 14 Portal Frame Design of Side girts 1 The acting loads: © Dead Load, ~ Own weight 20.kg/m ~ Weight of the steel sheets w. = 6 kg/m? ° Wind load: > In this case the wind load will be a main Jad so it will be a case A ~ Woint= (Cox K xq) xa 08 10 for As 10 m x 70 kg/m? in Cairo | | Siée_Or End 2- The straining actions: hed toad > yl eae lesa + Wy = due to wind load nly Wid Lond > We Wi = Wend = 0.8 8 8 70.8 1.5 = 84 kg dn i . il My ©. = 0.084 x 67/8 = 0.378 mt . to dead loads only Dead Load Na tow. =6x 15 +205 29 kgin Wy x8? A My = SS = 0.029 67/8 = 0.1305 mt As the channels are non compact sections so Fi, = 14 vee” S.=7 Sy for hot rolled see M,+7M Ta 37847 13.05) 41.4 = 92.25em* Sy required = choose C 160 5 Check M Fi + en, = 278/116 + 13.05 183 = 104 Vem? < 1.4 vem? safe but waste so try C 10 and recheck ; 2404 Portal Frame Rafter Splices & Connections 1-Splices - What is the splice ? Itis a connection joining 2 parts of the rafter together. - Why and where we put the splice ? The splice is put to divide the rafter in parts so the max part length is Jess than 12 m to be able to transport it to site . Itis preferred to be as near as possible from the point of zero moment. - Design straining actions : ‘As the rafter section is subjected to M , N , Q so the splice will be subjected to the same straining actions Nis small and can be neglected Qis the actual shear force at the position of the splice. Qui = Y -Wr.. X of splice Mis the max moment capacity of the section. Mmax = Sxx Foex "at splice section" 1720 Portal Frame using Pretensioned bolts " Type I: 2 head plate splice. As the connection is designed on max moment , so it must be symmetric. By using pretensioned bolts the head plate is fully effective ,so ly =B H?/12, Y = H/2 f= Max Y / 1x = 6 Mmax / BH? fi = Manax X2 / Tx Xi =2+tftet+P/2 X:=H/2-X Check bending stress on bolis: "Always N is neglected for bolts as it decrese tension on bolts" Teasbi.M=1/2((f +f )/2x(BxX1)) <08T TexubaM=1/2((fi+0)/2x(BxX2)) <08T Check shear stress on bolts : Que /n ty /2+2e+p 3- Move the second row of bolts up the flange, to increase the plate height f= Maus ¥ / Ix = 6 Mmx / BH? f= Manx X2 Tx X)=2e+if /2 X.=H/2-X; Check bending stress on bolts : ToasbiM=1/2((fy+f )/2X(BxX1)) <08T Tor Check shear stress on bolts : Qur/n ty/2+2e+p 3- add 1 more row of bolts to decrease Xo, f= Max ¥ / Ix = 6 Myx BH? fi = Max (X2 +X W Te fa = Minax X3 / Tx Check bending stress on bolts : Texsbt.M=1/2(( fe +f )/2x(BxX))) <08T Texsb2M = 1/2 ((fi+f)/2x(BxX2)) <08T xubsM=1/2((f+0)2x(BxX3)) <$0.8T And continue checks as before. sp0 Portal Frame We divide the max moment acting on the section in2 parts, Mris acting on the flanges; My is acting on the web, My = (Iy/ Tx) Mmnax 5 Sch as Ty = ty hy? / 12 , Ie is the total Inertia of the section " from tables " Mr= Mnax ~ Mw A- Flange splice: " bolts subjected to shear " nb yal st oT 1 \ { tl \ \ \ | i \ } Mflange 1 ! i r 5 : — Cc é ae nl T=Me/hy ny =T/ jeg ; must be even number Rieast = Rus for non pretensioned bolts. 2 P, for pretensioned bolts Flange splices dim: A of flange plate = A of flange splices plates bexte = bx +2x04xbextr Assume t}=t;/2 to be even number , min 6 mm Get tz to be even number , min 6 mm 6/0 Portal Frame B- Web splice: " bolts subjected to shear and torsion moment " 7 ag \Mweb 2 + * S Qact( P/2 +e) act Assume = (1.5 to2) 9, p=(3 to4) ; arrange bolts in 4 columns 2 in each web, From the arrangement get the numbers of rows ‘nd 7 ) pegeee Check on critical bolt: R=(O+MY)/EP i, Ry = (Quer /mg + Me X1 )/E 7 R=V(RO+Ry?) S Rica Ricast = Ray for non pretensioned bolts. 2P, for pretensioned bolts. Web splices dim: A of web plate = A of web splices plates hyxtw= 2x08xhxts Get ts to be even number , min 6 mm. 10 Portal Frame Rafter connections Rafier to Column Connection using pretension bolts ‘Same design as type 1 of the splice , but subjected to ‘Mac not Max = M at hunch section N " which can be neglected ", and Qact PL.10MM © STEEL SHEET STEEL SHEET RAIN GUTTER .7MM axon SEC 1-1 e N e M, i t|P tT ¢ES==a-b é B ‘ot 8/20, Portal Frame Rafier to Rafter Connection using pretension bolts Same design as type 1 of the splice , but subjected to ‘Mbet not Mmax = M at mid span N" which can be neglected ", and Quct RIDGE CAP .7MM @ ae ona Portal Frame Rafter to Rafter Connection using pretension bolts Same design as type 1 of the splice , but subjected to ‘Mact not Mmax = M at mid span N" which can be neglected ", and Qeet RIDGE CAP .7MM. , Sc = 1 l M, lel In x2 f jojo el x1 me} 20 fy SEC 1-1 10/720 Portal Frame Rafter to Rafter Connection using pretension bolts Same design as type 1 of the splice , but subjected to ‘Mact not Mmax = M at mid span N" which can be neglected ", and Quet RIDGE CAP .7MM u IPE STIFF. PL.1OMM STIFF. PL 10MM SEC 1-1 1170 Portal Frame Example: For the last example it is required to:- ‘A—Design and draw the rafter splice “assume max length of truck is 8m" using both types of splices. B ~ Design and draw the connection between the rafter and the column. C —Design and draw the connection between the two rafters Use M24 grade ( 10.9 ) bolts for A typeI, B,C. T= 22.23 ton Ps=7.11 ton Use M20 grade (4.6) bolts for A type I Solut As rafter length is 12m and max truck length is 8 m , so use a splice to divide the rafter in 2 parts , at distance 4 m from col. At splice see = Qua = ¥ -Wr.. X of splice = 6-0.5 x4=4 ton Maax = Sx X Fox = 1.536 x 904 = 1388 emt A)Splice Type 1 H=36+2+2=40cm = BH?/12 = 17x40? / 12 = 90666.6 em* Y=H/2=20em Xp=2+tfte+P/2=2+1.2744+4= 11.27 em 12.-X=20-11.27=8.73 om f= Mam ¥ / le= 1388 x 20 / 9066.66 = 0.3 lon? fy =Maex X2 / Ix = 1388 x 8.73 / 9066.66 = 0.13 tiem? Check bending stress on bolts: Ted M = 1/2 ((0.3 $0.13) 2x(17 x 11.27))=20.6 >0.8T= 17.84 unsafe TexnbxM = 1/2 ((0.13 +0) 2x (17¥8.73))=4.82<0.8T safe Try to safeguard the first row by putting 4 bolts / row but B/2=17/2=85om 0.72 Vem* x 1.1. try to increase stiff length and recheck 1470 Portal Frame 1x = 16270 em* Iw = 0.8 x 36° / 12 = 3110.4 em* My = (Iw/ Ix) Max = 3110.4 /16270 x 1388 = 266 emt Mr= Mux = Myy = 1388 ~ 266 = 1122 cmt A- Flange splice: " bolts subjected to shear " === = Zé al” “nl T= Me/ hy = 1122/36 = 31.16 ton Ras = 23.14 x 27x 0.25 x 4 / ny = T/ Rican = 31.16 /6.28 = 28 ton 96 = 6 bolts Flange splices dim: Assume t = te/2 = 1.27/2=0.63 = 8 mm ‘A of flange plate = A of flange splices plates bp x tr = dext +2xO4xbext 17x 1.27 = 17x08+2x04x 17 Kt Get t. =0.58=6mm 15/90 Portal Frame B- Web splice: * bolts subjected to shear and torsion moment " ‘Assume e= 3.50m ,p=7 em ; arrange bolts in 4 columns 2 in each web. From the arrangement get the numbers of rows "ng= 8 bolts " x )\266-+4x7 = 294 cm L/ M, = 266 +4 (3.5 +3.5)= 294 emt Qact EP=8x357+4(10.5?+3,5°)=588 em" Hoods) Check on critical bolt: Ry=(0+M: Yi )/Dr? = (0 +294 x 10.5) / 588 = 5.25 ton Ry = (Qua /mg +Me Xi) /Er? = (4/8 +294 x 3.5) /588 = 2.25 ton R=V (Re +R?) HV (5.25" + 2.25") = 5.71 $6.28 ton Web splices dim: A of web plate = A of web splices plates hy xt 2x08xhxts 36x0, 2x28Xxty Gett; =0.51=6mm 16/20 Portal Frame B)connection column: 127 } 20 fh wltefe) | um H=2+36+36+2 =76cm 80 | ‘y LTefel |e 1 Iy=BH?/12 = 17x 76° / 12 =621882.667 om* ren} |/ Y=H/2=38om | X=24tfte+P/2=241274+444= 1127 em | Xo =H/ 2X; = 38 - 11.27 = 26.73 em fp = Mux Y / Tx = 2000 x 38 / 621882.6 = 0.12 vem? peo £1 = Moax X2 / T= 2000 x 26.73 / 621882.6 = 0.086 vomn* ele 20 SEC 1-1 Check bending stress on bolts : Texsb1.M= 1/2 (( 0.12 + 0.08) /2 x (17 x 11.27) ) =9.886 <0.8 T= 17.84 safe Terasba,.M = 1/2 (( 0.08 +0) /2x (17 x 26.73 ))=9.76 <0.8T safe Check shear stress on bolts : Que/n =6/6= 1 ton — ‘ BMD NED 30 ton M BMD M out plane wa of sec 3~3: 6 mt N=9ton My=0Omt Assume f= 1.0 Vem* Sx = 26 x 100 / 1.0 = 2600 em? Choose B.F.IB 400 as sec is subjected to M, and M, Cheek: Foal Fe+At fix / Foex $1 Loin = 2.x 8 = 16m Leou = 8.0m dan = Lox / t= 1600/ 17.1 = 93,5 < 180 F. = 7500 / (107.9)* = 0.643 ven? Fa = 9/198 =.045 ver Fa/Fe=07<.15 A =10 2600 / 2880 = 0.9 t fem? Fox = Mx/S, Luact = 800 cm Lumax = 20 bf / V Fy = 20 x 30/ V2.4 = 387 < 800 Section is non compact or slender F)=-N/A +My/S,=~045 +0.9 = 835 F, -N/A-My/ 8. = -045 - 0.9 =-0.945 Y=F\/Fp =-9>-1 Dy/ty = (40 4 x 2.4) / 1.35 = 22.5 <(190/ (Fy) x (2+ ¥))) = 11149 Cite=15/24=6.25< 10.9 Sec is non compact = Manait / Meg= ~ 9 / 26 = =346 Cy= 175 +1.05a+.3a7=142 Fi = 800 AFC, /( Lud) = 800 x 30 x 2.4 x 1.42 /( 800 x 40) =2.55 > 1.4 rex = 1.4 t/em? Applying interaction equation : 074 1050.9/14=0.71<12 "Case B" safe. any Check see 1 — M, = 20 mt N=30ton = 20 mt Lyin =2x8= 16m Leow = 8.0 m, 7 dan = Lox / f= 1600/ 17.1 = 93.5 < 180 You = Lyy / ty = 800 /7.41 = 107.9 < 180 My = 3.2 mt @® Dama = 107.9 > 100 F. = 7500/ (107.9)° = 643 vem? Fa = 30/198 =.151 vem? Sec 1-1 Fea Fe=.235>.15 Au= Cox /(1 = Fea/ Fex) Cr = 0.85 frame permited to sway Fa 151 Fex = 7500 / 93.5 * = 858 Ar= 1.031 Aa= Coy /(1 = Fea / Fey ) Cay = 1 frame prevented with lateral load and hinged base Fu= 151 Fay = 7500 / hy ? = 7500 / 107.9? = 643 AL=13 Fox = Mx/ Sx = 2000 / 2880 = 0.7 t/em? Foy = My / Sy = 320/721 = 0.44 t/cm? Fey = 14 t/om? "always Frey = 1.4 t/em?’ Luact = 800 em Lumax = 20 bf/ \ Fy = 20 x 30/ 2.4 = 387 < 800 Section is non compact or slender FL =-N/A+M,/8,= 0.15 +0.7=0.55 -N/A-My/ Sx = 0.15 -0.7 = 0.85 Y=F)/F; =-0.65>-1 Du/ tw = (40-4 x 2.4)/ 1.35 = 22.5 <(190/ (Fy) x (2+ ¥))) = 908 C/te= 15/2.4=6.25< 109 Sec is non compact = Marat / Mog = 0 sy Cy= 175+ 105 a+ 37 = 1.75 Fiy = 800 AF Cy / (Lud ) = 800 x 30 x 2.4 x 1.75 /( 800 x40) =3.15> 14 Fex= 14 t/om? Applying interaction equation : 235 + 1.031 x.7 (14+ 1.3 x 0.445 /1.4= 1.16 <1.2 safe. 6 2=End gable column. 1- ‘The acting loads h= 9.2m a, Dead Load i Own weight 50 kg/m’ ii. Weight of the steel sheets we = 6 kg/m? iii, Weight of the end girts w,= 20 kg/m’ Case of pressure b. Wind load: i. In this case the wind load will be a main load so it will be a ease A ii, Wena = (Ce x K x q) x Si He Bracire C.=08 K= 1.0 for As 10 m = 70 kg/m’ in Cairo 2+ The straining actions: vd Les aA End gable bose due to dead loads only Wex ($1 Xh) +0.W. xh + Wy x (number of girts ) x 1 X(6X6.7) + 50x 9.2 +20 x(5)x6=1.31 ton Choice of see: My = 3.35 mt N=131 ton Assume f= 1,2 Vem? S, = 3.55 x 100/ 1.2 = 296 em? Choose LP.E 240 Cheek: Fea! Fe+ Ay fx / Foex $1 Lyn = 2.5m "wall height " my 12.9 < 180 92.3 < 180 * = 0.83 vem Fe= 1.31/39.1 =.033 vom? Fea =.083<.15 Ar=1.0 Fox = My / Sx = 355 /324 = 1.09 t/om* Luact = 250 em Lumax = 20 bf/\ Fy = 20 x 12/v2.4 = 154.9 < 250 Section is non compact or slender Fy =-N/ A +Mg/ Sx = -.033 + 1.09 = 1.057 Fy =-N/A-Mg/ Sq = ~.033 - 1.09 = -1.123 Y =P)/F =-937>-1 Dy/ ty = (24-4 0.98 ) /0.62 = 32.38 <(190/(\Fy) x2 + ¥ ))) = 1153 C/te= 6 /0.98 =6.125 < 14.8 Sec is non compact Cee 13 Fig = 800 AF Cy / (Lud) = 800 x 12 x 0.98 x 1.13 /( 250 x 24)=1.7>14 Frex= 14 t/ om? Applying interaction equation : 043 + 1.0 x 1.09/14 =0.82<1 "case A" safe. ana Check on Case of Suction a, Wind load: tii, In this case the wind load will be a main load so it will be a case A iv. Wend = (Ce x K x q) x S, KE Brecre q= 70 kg/m’ in Cairo 3+ The straining actions a, W,= due to wind load only We = Wend = 0.6 x 1x 70 x 6 = 0.25 vim’ Wex isieha = 0.25 x 9.27/8 = 2.66 mt frei gable vase b. N= due to dead loads only —- N= wex (Si xh) +o.w. xh+ wy x (umber of girts ) x S; N=6x (6 X6.7) + 50x92 +20 x(5)x6=131 ton Choice of see: Check on same section LP.E 240 Cheek Poa! Fe + At fic / Fox € 1 Lim = 2.5 m "wall height " Leoue = 9.2 m. dan = Ly (ty = 250 / 2.69 = 92.9 < 180 dou = Lox / Te = 920 / 9.97 = 92,3 < 180 Yexax = 93 < 100 F.= 14-65 x 10° (93)? = 0.83 vem? 31/39.1 = 033 tem? Fea/Fe=.043<.15 Ar=1.0 For = Mg / Sx = 266 / 324 = 0.82 t/ om? ony Luaet = 920 em in this case as the compression flange is the inside flange Use knee bracing at every end girts to brace the compression flange Luact = 250 em “wall height" Lumax = 20 bf /y Fy = 20x 12/\2.4 = 154.9< 250 Section is non compact or slender Fi =-N/A+My/S,= -.033 + 0.82 = 0.79 F; -N/A-My/S= +033 - 0,82 = -0.85 W=F,/F) =-92>-1 Dy! tw = (24 ~4 x 0.98 ) / 0.62 = 32.38 <(190/ ((VF,) x (2+) = 1153 C/te=6 (0.98 =6.125 < 14.8 See is non compact Co= 113 Fup = 800 AFC, /( Lud) = 800 x 12 x 0.98 x 1.13 /( 25022) =1.7>14 Foex = 14 t/cm* Applying interaction equ: 1043 + 1.0 x 0.82/1.4=0.62<1 "case A" safe. 10a Welded splice the best way to make a welded splice is as the type II but using weld instead of bolts. As it was required to join parts of length 6m so use a splice at distance 6 m from col. At splice see := Que = ¥ -Wr. X of splice = 6 - 0.5 x6 =3 ton Moax = Sx X Fhox = 1.536 x 904 = 1388 cmt oe Lweld ose oh I | \Mmax | | Qaet I, = 16270 em* Iw =0.8 x 36°/ 12 = 3110.4 em? My = (Te/ Ix) Max = 3110.4 /16270 x 1388 = 266 cmt Mr= Max ~My = 1388 ~ 266 = 1122 emt A- Flange splice: ” weld subjected to shear " Lo SST | in Ss | | | \Melange | ems sc / T= Me/ by = 1122 /36 =31.16 ton Assume S = 6 mm. Lweid act = T/(6 x $x 0.2 Fu) +2 $= 31.16 /(6 x 0.6 x 0.72) +2x0.6 = 13.2= 15cm nat B- Web splice: " weld subjected to shear and torsion moment " 10cm ; | | osn | \Mweb | osm | ee | | / | | Qact Q act Assume $= 6 mm, Inz weid = 10 om. It weid = 0.8 by = 28 cm. Properties of weld: A wa = 28x 0.6 = 16.8 em? A we = 2 10x 0.6 = 12 cm A woe = 12 + 16.8 = 28.8 om? X=(10x0.6 X2x(10/2 +06) +28.x 0.6 x0.3)/288=2.5 om 6X 28°/12-+ 1006 x2 x (28/2+06/2)'= 3551.48 om! . 6x 10°/12 +2 x 100.6 x (56-25) +28 x06 x( 2.50.3 = 296,632 cm! '551.48 + 296.632 = 3848.11 cm* 10 Qact Cheek on critical points M,= 266 +3 (106-25) =290.3 emt Each side is subjected to M, /2 = 290.3 /2 = 145.1 cmt and Que/2=3/2=1.5 ton pay Point 1 : Re= OMY; /Ip= 0+ 145 x (14) / 3848.11 = 0.52 vem? Ry= Qua /AwitMeXi /Ip= 1.5/ 16.8 +145 x 2.5 /3848.11 = 0.18 vom? R=V(Re +Ry?) =v (0.18? + 0.527) =0.55 <0.72 vem? safe Point 2: Ry = O+M Ya /Tp= 0+ 145 x (14 +06) /3848.11 = 0.53 Vem? Ry= 0+MX2 /Ip= 0+ 145.x 8.1 /3848.11 = 0.30 vem? R=V(Re +R, )=V (0.30? + 0.567) =0.63 <0.72 Vom? safe In case of unsafe increase size of weld or Lz wa to 15 em and check Ww % tain how cram brads transndtid & the Ra x ti calle (ceclaesee ne (ee) ome cree Peet ere tt eeacraee Foden te th fungee 4B). Thergere, 2 the hanger 98) dy unjected ©( hn + he domper (86) Leumomittid the Ads be the port Fromuteoaer Rs thee the bare, & — a “pl \| f Wifey & - Grakiat Foro (B) af feet perpendicular (L) tthe plane ef Frame Caisning pmement (My) abent min ks of huge AB. The Fame (4B) Cane t Aeaiat that mmommbs beagitadind bracing shold be wed gb Range (AB) which Lronswitid BD From cram Doel & 1p, a ey a a end [LO Ceevny Loved Dé = E(2P) F.4By2 ° 2caAd from ti, Breaky & VE beeeny thee b- The bam. 4 ~ + Ro ooo HE bracing Per woud havs 2 eee acral oR Gut bem. | rene Lad) Came Oy A Maw wth a ones Rl Leal aeenoal 5 | | Lo ha I. dead oN Clann Gindan ; do Wal . Ann Sia / s ot Ade = way = Qat. 2.0L P b+ wats Z max phear TRULP P pas amar MyePs q Muh 1 date Mx Mar eA Get) Ms = Moe Yo. Q. Que, Ru (tex) haprann rawr Gr Cranr Dindin N.B, abe So rmmonal aed aK Se - cel ee ie -r ‘0 cept own Plane de Ay CL 2 Aow 3\5 Set, 8 oye Te Cory Comat. Nyce rapping Mometat bean. Reach One From Came indir. IDL a HN Roe P a Row wat xs t = BL ra P ae LiL, \ NR Te = Rua Use) Repo Retina’ Ruf ovkins a No heck Cs Re a ? By | Bene Dak te Av ta? YQ.2) Meo por Quan Quack = \ Conn mel car eee boas ON ~o pitews ° [ee (Mest ERD ede Bore ti byw Se eel? 4 | wert Pose IPN CODE Eel desert Magee) eA) by A 3 aS e203) Ee wmertia ae aves ra» the Bracing Di gd cash V3 criter| Ot 2,2) ee Z| | bo Aye hy Bracing Zn pe Fae! * ooPlh yr thas ee Qe Claye BF pus -< a2 )\ ae ewer chord Sl gb es - Bracking forea, Jey G5 d= crane girder JI vo—-= me2zz, Pleor pie = dm = douk Gioe Boiltyp Dos easy 1 “dA aygles ths-l One poe aa dy 4 AOR ES inerNa shel dodo Gb GAR We ut he wB V>b Guside plan and oot side plane) MxoMy = pole uw i : alle wo x bo r = ol 2 BY WA ih, BAS pen lacing bar i JF AI Cigebx, he. member JF Crsgoyl Al (side git, end girt or enc gable col) ese) ak grimaty lads SIU! e20ue g@vlel gR we Bl ye wl cae (eye V984 [03% 078 x?) Bowe (Xx) HAL} al (03 C (He) Jd ee comp, ge 9 epper Penge 31 aq, ( saat ) \ corveture, (lateral for siental oe yay ave! wa! 4 A ae Seal Ly wow G jo = BIL (XK) Gite} me poe 1.05 man Fy ol ss dowle \ ¢ a Comp. ale flange Jha sip de ( covveture) - (euaay >, ee GE} be pi VD, . (Ltb) Cre Wierd go F . S 4 & ¢ Loma BEE fe C, DL ae Bert! CX) na typical secondary beam if the total dead load is 400 kg/m’ (which ine lab weight and the floor cover) and the live loads is 300 kg/m’, Choose an IPE section for this secondary beam and consider it to be simply supported on the main beam. 2. If the sections chosen for the main beams are IPEs 500, design the bolted connection between a secondary beam and a main beam using ordinary bolts 16 mm in diameter and 80x8 connecting angles (connection A in Figure 2). 3. Draw to scale 1:10 the above connection in different views. Question No. 3 (20% of the maximum credit) t An area 12 x 40 m will be covered with the frames shown in Figure 3. The spacing between the frames is 5.0 m. End gables are provided with columns along the two ends of the area as shown in the figure. The main frames are composed of simple beams resting on pendulum columns. In this way, the system is unstable and can not carry any lateral loads. 1 Suggest a suitable bracing system that __ would provide stability for the frames against lateral loads and draw this system (scale 1:100) in different views. 6m If the wind pressure in this area is 100 kg/m’, calculate the forces in all the vertical bracing members due to wind load. Design suitable sections for the different vertical bracing members. 40m Figure 3 33 tet a pT wl EL és a) Compact section: Can achieve plash'e momest with out local duckling, Foe (cllewabl comp, = 0,64 Fy MOSES) 1536 tla (SKB b) Non- compact section: Can achieve yield moment without local bucklug Fi = O58 Fy Wa tle (Sk 34) c) Slencler ce Undergoes oe buc hlieg " ion Sections classification is accoroliing te width= thickness patios of : (flanges ancl webs) each element Rolled Section Welded Section Ao EEE c= 5 Lb-ty- 2s'] dw: h-2[ tear] lus h-2 Ete +5'] = h-4tp [assome stésize of weld) = 1" | oe | re S109) compact | r SS 98F compact & 14,8 non- compact & hes 13,5 non-compact ' i ote 7 > 14¢ slender | esse eee | I S82. Compact > <82 Compact d -. pe S122,68 ton-compact | dy | es ston compact » | tw 1. >122,65 slender — | L sizes ckencler a ab (st-34) oe 4,4 wi ast psy Fye 24 thaw Lateral Tersi = Max. unsupoortect fength of compressron Flange l Bocklin _ ae \ Laterally supportecl beam af Luge > Lia = Lertera lly unsepported beam fr (sy 2st T A. Aa bp ele t hate 23 = (be) Ube)”, ero) 12 a i2 How te determine the allowable compyess ive __ Bendis shess. Gi Foen) [Si cnped eatin, =] i380 Ae ¢ fos | Te section is | ine © “Té LA The Section is Non-compadt Fie 2.0.58 Fy and lateva| torsional bucklig ca agerst ety Q [ | | | 1 Fiye= =a oe ae les | Ore | oo ee 7 tT — i & > 188 ee sake coal ———. L_| Hot L —_— ~ 12000 F. 150 Kg/in 7 Gk. = (F00~ 500) Kylm acoraling Tx the porpose wo Design of secondar beans - Distribute Loads as one - Caleulate the tote! loaof Woe Es KAS eFC hbo en. tlm? - Caleulate yy. Je Wy * A + OW. Sao Alm Nes assvmeel Co/05 tim) a if sim, & beam : = Heel yp Q: ase ik. Deck slab) > laterally supported beam assum. the section is compact : F = £536 then? LLL BD My ‘4 i886 = lateralty suppor ted choose IPE no... From tables comp. Flange “checks , salonlate % nermay ess STVeSS Shear s tvess - lw . ‘ 6 Ete determine (compac oy non-compact, YS36 0 theme (compact) D) £ = al eoceee c 4 tame . ; ee 1 om (non compact) ee eo tlom® << 038 Fe = 0,84 then® pt pe a ~935h ty, Gish ni tletas) & .— span Deleting) 5» 3 — soe ons SER E= 2100 tem a) if continyous beam: Me = Be 05 He ogo M,. . 09H. 4-4 design = °7 Ze FE eB te Be =e 0/6 Wh owl, cles _thaice of sec assume fe 1536. Se 2 OMe as 1,536 choose. iPE no.-- checks fr -ne section Me o,35 M2 by, 2b SY Luma, fF 1382 Bee 0, y where Cys IS 5 Fy. for cont. beam ou: witty. alistiveuteo! lo ~ sheck Lee < Compact calculate, S , Tie letermine cee act i a tla? — compact UF SOF TST ch tle ® none compact 2) Gag 2 ewe chet 20,84 tlan® act. peste = om? < 0,35 Fy =o 5 5. . pan Ee t | 3: seem SSD for continuity (2) De Des esian oF ma of main beam beam (main 9 .) Gncentroted load = React'on (ect) (hee, from secondly beams (pocathaced aa assume 8.W.= O10 >t Im E a A K ae © Gateulate Me © Q, ¥ a Ly. i 130 Act. mcs where Cypi35\ mag= Fy. a. for simple beant wit eee concentrated lone! VFy Lag. = Aistance, ‘bd lateral supperts (sec Leos) J < 4536 if compact ) f Me ao.s cw a : * ' Sx ib on= compac Gx < 0,35 Fy =084 2) Veet oes hto 0/35 Fy 2% 3) 7 = mite a El, ~ B00 Example ~Desrqn the seconelary beam, te main bean -Desfan 3 estin the cantinuous connection betwen 5 See. Ie main beams spacing = 600m 7 bd - 2 top 2 HO Ele () Design of sec. beam 0 —esign of i oes PAZ 250m spe w= 25X04 0,05 = 2495 tl Sie ooe CO)ame ey ort e : ty = 99H. LODU445) = 10,33 m-t, Qy = 6 WL = Ses9)le) ~ 9,18 E. Choice of sec¥. assome compact section FL = 1586 lo: 2 S, = 1038400" | 642,5 3 * 1536 om choose. |PE 330 where Sy.= 13 cm bog = 16 cm 5 Fee IB om J tye ats mw 2 cz bby = Bem du: h- 4tp = 38-4x)1S = 28:4 om Cc. 8.2696 << 109! i 88 = Compact sechion, < dy , 284.339 <82 ta ots checks 10, yo © f= ee = 145 < 1536 tant 9,18 EP 09,44 the? fem? @ an fesraaerss 44 thom <084 them 54 é ~ ® %,- 052,56) a ‘]=268 as 7 2100 X NFF0 ‘ 00.5 astome Lt

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