Now, we will consider the different mechanisms which are responsible for the signal attenuation within the optical fibres. These are: 5.11.1 Material Absorption ‘This loss mechanism is basically related to the material composition and the fabrication process of the fibre. which results in the dissipation of some of the transmitted optical power as heat in the waveguide, ‘The absorption of the light signal may be due to inherent property (crystal structure) of the glass or due to impurities present within the glass material. 5.11.2 Linear Scattering This is due to the transfer of some or all of the optical power contained within one propagating mode to a different mode. In this type of loss, no change of frequency occurs on scattering. The linear scatter- ing caused by material property (i.e., density fluctuations), produces an attenuation proportional to 1/3! Known as Rayleigh scattering. On the other hand, linear scattering, caused by imperfections in the fibre geometry (e.g., irregularities in core-cladding interface, core-cladding refractive index difference along the length of the fibre, diameter fluctuations, bubbles, etc.), is known as Mie scattering. Scanned with CamScanner5.11.3 Fibre Bending Optica fibre: which is outside of the bend is required to travel faster than thaton the inside so that a wavefront perpendicular to the direc- tion of propagation is maintained. Hence, part of the mode in he cladding needs to travel faster than the velocity of light which is impossible. As a result, the energy associated with this part of the mode is lost through radiation. The large bend- Ss tend to occur in the multimode fibres at a critical of curvature R, which is given by 3np R, 4n (ni — 73) 372 * suffer radiation losses at bends on their paths. In this loss, the part of the propagating mode Bo You Know? It is necessary to refresh the signal after a loss of 5 dB, for the same we use amplifiers. wf) Scanned with CamScanner