WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY DALA AF BLACAE Compiled by Dawit Uta. (M. Tech.) Computer Science Department, WSU website address: www.davidtechnotips.comVv Vv Contents of the Chapter The overview of world Wide Web The Internet and World Wide Web Web Hosting and Domain Name Registration > Environment Setup for web programmingIntroduction “+ What is World Wide Web? ¥ World Wide Web (WWW):- is most often called the web. ¥ The Web is a networks of computers/devices all over the world. ¥ All the computers in the web can communicate with each other using the communication standards/protocol called HTTP. Y Web is leading information retrieval service of web (the worldwide computer network). ¥ Invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. ¥ It gives users access to a huge array of documents that are connected to every other by means of hypertext or hypermedia links i.e., hyperlinks, electronic connections that link related pieces of data.What is internet? » Internet is a globally connected network system facilitating world wide communication and access to data resources through a huge collection of personal, public, business, academic and government networks. > It’s governed by agencies just like Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (or IANA) that establish universal protocols. > It was originated sometimes in late 1960s.WORLD WIDE WEB VS he ail > Most of the time people use the terms web and internet to mean the same thing but they're actually quite different. > The world wide web, or web is the pages you see when you're at a device and you're online. > But the internet is the network of connected computers that the web works on, as well as what emails and files travel across.INTERNET World Wide Web (WWW) Internet is a global network of networks. WWW stands for World wide Web. Internet is a means of connecting a World Wide Web which is a collection of 2 |computer to any other computer information which is accessed via the anywhere in the world. Internet. 3 Internet is infrastructure. www is service on top of that infrastructure. 4 Internet can be viewed as a big book- Web can be viewed as collection of books store. on that store. 5 At some advanced level, to understand At some advanced level, to understand we we can think of the Internet as hardware. |can think of the WWW as software. wo WWW is more software-oriented as 6 Internet is primarily hardware-based. compared to the Internet.How does the www works? ¥ Web information is stored in documents called web pages. ¥ A Web page consists of an HTML file, with associated files for graphics and scripts, in a particular directory on a particular machine called web server. Y Computers reading the web pages are called web clients. ¥ Web clients view the page by using a program called web browser. v Some popular web browsers are Internet explorer, Netscape navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome..ete. How does the web browser fet Y Abrowser fetches a web page from the server by a standard HTTP request containing page address. There is unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which is exact address or location associated with each web page.Y The page address or URL is look like this: http://www.google.com/page.html How does the browsers display the pages? ¥ All web pages contain the instructions for display. ¥ The browser displays the page by reading these instructions. Y The most common display instructions are called HTML tags. ¥ It’s the job of the web browser to interpret tags and display the content accordingly. Y The HTML tags look like this:

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The World Wide Web Uses search engine una is a search engine? Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text SSC Eo) Cc ‘A9.com. a.com ‘lthewWeb althoweb com ‘AltaVista atavista.com AOL Search search.aol.com ‘Ask.com ask.com Dogpile dogpile com Excite oxcite.com Gigablast igablast. com Google ‘google.com Live Search live.com Looksmart looksmart.com Lycos: Iyeos.com MSN men.com Notscape Seaveti|scaret. netscape com Open Directory Project dmoz.org Overture ‘overture.com ‘Webtrawier| ‘weberawier com ‘Yahoo! yahoo.comClient-Server Architecture of world wide web 2.-Wihat isthe IP address of — DNS SERVER aan aoe IP adeiess of 2658-22310" ‘LUser requests for worm aoogiecom on a web browser 765822310 GoogleWebsite : a group of World Wide Web pages usually containing hyperlinks to each other and made available online by an individual, company, educational institution, government, or organization. It is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. > Websites come in varieties including educational sites, news sites, forums, social media sites, e-commerce sites, and so on. > The pages within a website are usually a mix of text and other media. > Notable examples are wikipedia.org, google.com, and amazon.com, www.wsu.edu.etTypes of Webpages 1. Static webpage > Unchanged constant > Contain the same prebuilt content each time the page is loaded > Standard HTML pages > Flexibility is the main advantage > Cost is generally lower > Problem of updating the content2. Dynamic webpage > Changing content or lively > Contents can be generated on-the-fly > Web pages, such as PHP, ASP, and JSP » Ability to connect to a database > Costs are higher initially and design of a dynamic site is more fixed than a static one.Generation of Web > Web 1.0 :- first stage of the World Wide Web evolution. Earlier, there were only a few content creators in Web 1.0 with a huge majority of users who are consumers of content. > Personal web pages were common, consi ing mainly of static pages hosted on ISP-run web servers, or on free web hosting services. > Web 2.0 + worldwide websites which highlight user-generated content, usability, and interoperability for end users. > Web 2.0 is also called the participative social web. It does not refer to a modification to any technical specification, but to modify the way Web pages are designed and used. Interaction and collaboration with each other are allowed by Web 2.0 in a social media dialogue as the creator of user-generated content in a virtual community.Generation of Web cont... 4 Some examples of Web 2.0 applications v blogs (Blogspot), RSS, microblogging (Twitter, Plurk) > Social Bookmarking (de.li.cious, Digg, Stumble) > Wikis (Wikispaces, Wetpaint) > web applications (GoogleDocs, SlideShare, etc) > social networks (Facebook, MySpace) > video sharing (Youtube, Teachertube) + Web 3.0 :-is a term that is used to describe many evolutions of web usage and interaction among several paths. ad sites similar to humans, and seek out * Semantic Web (3.0) is a web where machines information based on the users’ set criteria to produce optimal result.Generation of Web cont... Some examples of web 3.0 applications Bitcoin — The original cryptocurrency has been around for more than ten years, and the protocol itself is decentralized, although not all of its ecosystem is. Diaspora — Non-profit, decentralized social network Steemit - Blockchain-based blogging and social platform Augur — Decentralised exchange trading market OpenSea — A marketplace for buying and selling NFTs, itself built on the Ethereum blockchain Sapien — Another decentralized social network, built on the Ethereum blockchain U wap — Decentralised cryptocurrency exchange Everledger ~ Blockchain-based supply chain, provenance, and authenticity platformQ 6 0 WEB 3.0 & new marketing world Web1.0 Web2.0 Web3.0 asic Web Pages| ce Seman Web _foomnace Users Moet Me Dats Ns -VREAR Metves) lava least 2006" PRESENT OAY ireWeb Hosting and Domain Name Registration > Web hosting is a service of providing online space for storage of web pages. These web pages are made available via World Wide Web. > The companies which offer website hosting are known as Web hosts. > The servers on which web site is hosted remain switched on 24 x7. These servers are run by web hosting companies. > Each server has its own IP address. Since IP addresses are difficult to remember therefore, webmaster points their domain name to the IP address of the server their website is stored on.Web Hosting and Domain Name Registration cont... > It is not possible to host your website on your local computer, to do so you would have to leave your computer on 24 hours a day. > This is not practical and cheaper as well. This is where web hosting companies comes in. Web Hosting Companies > There are several companies offering web hosting service. Some of theme are:- Blue Host, Go Daddy, Host Gator, just Host, Laughing Squid, Hivelocity, liquid Web, Wired Tree, Wild West Domains, Wix, WIPL, Big Rock etc. ‘Types of Hosting > The following table describes different types of hosting that can be availed as per the need:pes of Hosting cont... S.N. Hosting Description Shared Hosting In shared hosting, the hosting company puts thousand of website on the same physical server. Each customer has their own allocation of physical web space and a set of bandwidth limit. As all websites share same physical memory, MYSQL server and Apache server, one website on the server experiencing high traffic load will affect performance of all websites on the server. Virtual Private Server VPS It is also known as Virtual Dedicated Server. It is a server which is partitioned into smaller servers, In this type customer is given their own partition, which is installed with 2. its own operating system. Unlike shared hosting, VPS doesn’t share memory or processor time rather it allocates certain amount of memory and CPU to use which means that any problem on a VPS partition on the same drive will not affect other VPS. customers.pes of Hosting cont Dedicated Server In this kind of hosting, single dedicated server is setup for just one customer. It is Se ere ster ec] ortiel nesneeeeettins named einenrertconiee leecieeentyniat dedicated server offers. 4, __ Reseller Hosting * Areseller acts as a middle man and sells hosting space of someone else’s server. Grid Hosting 5 Instead of utilizing one server, Grid Hosting spreads resources over a large number of servers. It is quite stable and flexible. The servers can be added or taken away from the grid without crashing the systemWhat is a Domain Name? What is a domain name? » Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address = Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet IP address > 216.239.39.99 Domain name —» www-google.com tape domainWhat is a Domain Name cont... ? > Domain names are (ideally) easy to remember words that are used to find and go to websites. In simple terms, a domain name is like an address for your website. > To get a little more technical, the computers on the internet, from that laptop your reader is using to the servers that host your website has an IP address, which is a series of 4-12 numbers separated by dots (.) that let’s computers identify and find each other. URL Uniform Resource Locator subdomain Tap Lewet BomaWhat happens when you enter a domain name into your browser? > When you enter a domain name into your browser to find a website, your computer sends a “lookup request” to a global network of servers called the Domain Name System (DNS). > The DNS is a massive database of millions of registered domain names, each associated with a particular website’s nameserver and IP address. > When the DNS gets your lookup request, it finds the nameserver associated with the domain name you’re using; this is usually managed by your hosting company.What happens when you enter a domain name into your cont... > For example, if you use HostGator to host your website, your nameservers will look like ns8375.hostgator.com ns8376.hostgator.com > When the nameservers get your lookup request, they look up the IP address for the website you’re looking for then forward you/your computer to it. > It seems complicated, sure, but thanks to the hard work of a lot of really smart people, all of this takes place in less than a millisecond after you hit enter.Domain Name Registration > Domain registration is the process of acquiring a domain name from a domain name registrar. > Some steps required to Register a Domain Name Y Find a domain name registrar. Y Search for your domain name. Y Finalize your domain name choice. Y Choose a domain name suffix, such as .com or . Net, .org, .info etc. Y Purchase the domain name. ¥ Add Domain ID protection.Environment Setup for web programming We can use an IDE or any text editor > Notpad++: is text editor and free application for web development. > Sublime ** Web server: like Apache HTTP Server: this is the most popular web server in the world developed by the Apache Software Foundation. Apache web server is an open source software and can be installed on almost all operating systems including Linux, UNIX, Windows etc. “» Internet Information Services (IIS): is a high performance Web Server from Microsoft. This web server runs on Windows. * Any web browser to fetch and interpret the page