- [See Article 1159] 1159.

Obligations arising from contracts have the force of law between the contracting
parties and should be complied with in good faith.

(3) QUASI-CONTRACTS (Obligation ex quasi-contractu) – arise from lawful, voluntary and unilateral
acts and which are enforceable to the end that no one shall be unjustly enriched or benefited at the expense
of another
- 2 kinds:
a. Negotiorum gestio - unauthorized management; This takes place when a person voluntarily takes charge
of another’s abandoned business or property without the owner’s authority.
b. Solutio indebiti - undue payment; This takes place when something is received when there is no right to
demand it, and it was unduly delivered thru mistake.
- [See Article 1160] 1160. Obligations derived from quasi-contracts shall be subject to the provisions of
chapter 1, title 17 of this book.

(4) DELICTS (Obligation ex maleficio or ex delicto) – arise from civil liability which is the consequence of
a criminal offense
- Governing rules:
1. Pertinent provisions of the RPC and other penal laws subject to Art 2177 Civil Code
[Art 100, RPC – Every person criminally liable for a felony is also civilly liable]
2. Chapter 2, Preliminary title, on Human Relations ( Civil Code )
3. Title 18 of Book IV of the Civil Code – on damages
- [See Article 1161] 1161. Civil obligations arising from criminal offenses shall be governed by the penal
laws, subject to the provisions of Article 2177, and of the pertinent provisions of Chapter 2, Preliminary in
Human Relations, and of Title 18 of this book, regulating damages.

(5) QUASI-DELICTS / TORTS (Obligation ex quasi-delicto or ex quasi-maleficio) – arise from damage

caused to another through an act or omission, there being no fault or negligence, but no contractual relation
exists between the parties
- [See Article 1162] 1162. Obligations derived from quasi-delicts shall be governed by the provisions of
chapter 2, title 17 of this book, and by special laws.

Art. 1307. Innominate contracts shall be regulated by the stipulations of the parties, by the provisions of
Titles I & II of this Book, by the rules governing the most analogous nominate contracts, and by the customs
of the place.
INNOMINATE CONTRACTS – those which lack individuality and are not regulated by special
provisions of law.