DRIVER’S DROWSINESS DETECTION

SYSTEM

Anushka Aman Kumar Arjun Kuamr

Comp Science & Engg. Comp Science & Engg. Comp Science & Engg
Chandigarh University Chandigarh University Chandigarh University
Mohali, Punjab Mohali, Punjab Mohali, Punjab

Pankaj Kumar
Comp Science & Engg
Chandigarh University
Mohali, Punjab

Abstract- In latest years, there has
been a huge growth in the economy, and
more people have begin to put money
into the stocks. Predicting stock prices is
a difficult and crucial work to perform
research in the economical field.
Estimating the changes precisely of
every price of stock can decrease the
possibility of losses of captalists.
Therefore, efficiently increasing the
return of the respective investments.
This paper aims to propose a model that
predicts the stock prices. This model is
based on Facebook prophet machine
learning model that uses additive
regression to estimate the stock prices.
The prophet model can effectively
estimate the prices of stocks over a long
time period with rational outcomes.
Keywords-Machine Learning , Stock Price
Prediction, Facebook Prophet, Additive
regression, Economical field.
1. INTRODUCTION
Stock Market is the space where assets can
be bought, selled and passed around. Proper
stock estimation and forecasting can govern
to huge returns for the investors as well as
for the traders. It has been proved that stock
forecasting is more complicated than
random, showcasing that the changes in
stock prices can be anticipated by careful
examination of the history. Machine
Learning is a tool to effectively perform
these operations over the relevant data. It
helps in predicting the current value of the
market that is nearly equal to carrying
value and thus providing more accuracy.
Introduction of Machine Learning to the
stock market has been necessitated more
scope for the research. The data that is used
for training the model in Machine Learning
is the most crucial part. Even minor
changes in the dataset can lead to more
significant change in the outcome. The data
that has been used in this project is taken
from yfinance which is a python api
available on Yahoo Finance site. This
database consists of five variations namely,
high, low, volume, open and close. Volume
is termed as the quantity of shares that is
passed from one owner to another over a
certain period of time. The other four
variants are different stock bid prices at different 2022 Mangesh V. This research uses
periods of times. Estimating stock prices is an volatile Dole, Vishal N. Facebook Prophet to
and non-linear task. It is very difficult to predict stock Sonawane, forecast future stock
Sharique S. market ratings and
values as they are influenced by a variety of factors,
Farooqui, examine how those prices
such as indivisual’s performance, economic and Ehtesham N. will compare to those of
political changes. This ML model can used to Ansari, Prof. earlier stock markets2
maximize profits and minimizes the loss. Algat Y.S2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
YEAR AUTHOR DESCRIPTION
2021 Nandigama This research also uses
mani ARIMA and Facebook
2022 Yash Saxena, This research uses
Srikara Prophet to inspect the
Ms. Indervati, Facebook Prophet and
Yaswanth, behavior of future stocks Ms. Garima ARIMA models to predict
Kavya and examines the pattern Rathi1 future stock market
Garlapati of stocks2. ratings. The study aims to
make predictions easier
and more realistic1.

2023 Sasmitoh Stocks are an investment

Rahmad instrument that is
Riady starting to be in great
demand by
2022 Manish This research uses the public today.
Mahajan Facebook Prophet to However, stock prices
Bharti Joshi forecast future stock are fluctuating, making
Aditya market ratings and people feel
Janghale examine how those
prices will compare to
those of earlier stock
markets2.
2023 Harmanjeet This research presents video feed from a camera placed inside the
Singh & an architecture based on vehicle, focused on the driver's face. The
Manisha a time series model, video frames are then fed into the trained
Malhotra such as Facebook model, which analyses the facial
Prophet, Light Gradient expressions and provides a prediction of the
Boost Machine (GBM), driver's drowsiness level.
and Autoregressive
Integrated Moving
To ensure real-time performance, the model is
Average with
typically optimized for speed and efficiency. This
Explanatory Variable
(ARIMAX) tocan involve techniques like model compression,
accurately predict stockquantization, or using specialized hardware
prices4. accelerators.

The output of the drowsiness detection

3. METHODOLOGY
The first step is to gather a large dataset of
driver's facial images. These images should
cover a wide range of individuals, facial
expressions, and lighting conditions to
ensure the model's robustness. The dataset
should also include labelled annotations
indicating whether the driver is drowsy or
alert.
Next, a deep learning model, such as a
convolutional neural network (CNN), is
trained on this dataset. The CNN learns to
extract relevant features from the facial
images that can help distinguish between
drowsy and alert states. The network is
trained using a combination of forward and
backward propagation, adjusting the
weights and biases to minimize the
predictionerror.
During training, the network learns to
recognize patterns and features that are
indicative of drowsiness, such as drooping
eyelids, eye closure, yawning, and changes
in facial expressions. By analysing these
patterns, the model can make accurate
predictions about the driver's drowsiness
level.
Once the model is trained, it can be
deployed for real-time drowsiness
detection. This involves capturing live
model can be used in various ways. For
example, it can trigger an alert system to
notify the driver when drowsiness is
detected, such as beeping an alarm or
vibrating the seat. This can help prevent
accidents usually caused by driver fatigue.
It's worth noting that the accuracy and
performance of the drowsiness detection
system depend on various factors, including
the quality of the dataset, the architecture of
the deep learning model, and the real-world
conditions in which it is deployed.
4. SPECIFICATION
Deep Learning- Deep Learning is sub-part
or we can say subset of Machine Learning,
it is very useful in solving complex
problems and it involves much use of
neural networks to model. Deep Learning
has gained a significant amount of success
in numerous fields, encompassing natural
language processing, image recognition,
speech recognition, and recommendation
system. Some of the voguish deep learning
architectonics encompass Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent
Neural Networks (RNNs), Deep Belief
Networks (DBNs).
Additive Regression- It is a type of
regression model with no parameters
which was proposed by Jerome H.
Friedman and Werner Stuetzle in 1981. In
this linear output variable depends linearly
on distributed functions of unknown values.
Stock Price Prediction- This system
involves estimating the buying and selling
prices of different assets and stocks. It also
helps in approximation of future prices of
the existing stocks in the market on the
basis of past data and various other
indicators of the market.
5. WORKING
Fig 1.1
Above figure, in the form of flowchart,
shows the working of the system. Firstly, it
takes the database as training dataset which
is basically the historical trends of stock
price. Further it decides the future close
price of the stock using Prophet algorithm
and gives the plot predicted graph.
6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The system keeps detecting the face until it
detects the driver is being drowsy. Once the
face is detected the system scores the driver
on the basis of his/her eyes and its
movements.
If the Score is greater than 15 the alarm
starts beeping to warn and awaken the
driver and a message is displayed ‘closed’.
If the Score is less than 0 then the score is
reinitialized to 0 and the message is
displayed as ‘open’.
The ‘open’ message is also displayed when
the Score is less then 15. In case, the
message being displayed is ‘open’ the
alarm does not beep or stops beeping.
Fig 1.2
Fig 1.3
Fig 1.2 shows a ‘closed’ message having
Score as 170 which is greater than 15, thus the
alarm starts to beep.
Fig 1.4
7. CONCLUSION
The model built, successfully, gives plot
predicted graph on the basis of historical
data. The paper is successful in
demonstrating that a model can be built
using Facebook Prophet algorithm that uses
additive regression in order to draw the plot
graph, with high accuracy and low
feasibility. It studies the trends, future and
history of the stock prices and gives the
required output on the basis of that. Thus,
fulfilling the motto of reducing losses
and risks, thus maximizing profits for the
investors as well as for the traders. It
analyses and gives a proper speculations for
the consumers to invest on the particular
stock on on the basis of analysed timeline.
8. REFERENCES
[1] Nandigama Mani Srikara Yaswanth,
Kavya Garlapati (2021). Research on the
behavior of future stocks using ARIMA and
Facebook Prophet.
[2] Manish Mahajan, Bharti Joshi,
Aditya Janghale (2022). Research on
forecasting future stock market ratings
using Facebook Prophet.
[3] Mangesh V. Dole, Vishal N.
Sonawane, Sharique S. Farooqui,
Ehtesham N. Ansari, Prof. Algat Y.S
(2022). Research on forecasting future
stock market ratings using Facebook
Prophet.
[4] Yash Saxena, Ms. Indervati, Ms.
Garima Rathi (2022). Research on
predicting future stock market ratings
using Facebook Prophet and ARIMA
models.
[5] Sasmitoh Rahmad Riady (2023).
Research on the demand for stocks as
an investment instrument and the
fluctuation of stock prices.
[6] Harmanjeet Singh, Manisha
Malhotra (2023). Research on
predicting stock prices using a time
series model, such as Facebook
Prophet, Light Gradient Boost
Machine (GBM), and Autoregressive
Integrated Moving Average with
Explanatory Variable (ARIMAX).
[7] Wu, Jimmy Ming-Tai & Li,
Zhongcui & Herencsar, Norbert & Vo,
Bay & Lin, Chun-Wei."A graph-based
CNN-LSTM stock price prediction
algorithm with leading indicators" in
Multimedia Systems.February
2021,DOI:10.1007/s00530-021-
00758-w
[8] Mehtab,Abhishek Dutta."Stock
Price Prediction Using Machine
Learning and LSTM-Based Deep
Learning Models" in Second
Symposium on Machine Learning and
Metaheuristics Algorithms.October
2020,DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.23846.34880

[9] Mislinski, Jill (3 March 2020).

"Market Cap to GDP: An Updated Look at
the Buffett Valuation Indicator".
www.advisorperspectives.com. Archived
from the original on 14 March 2020. it
is probably the best single measure of
where valuations stand at any given
moment”.

[10] Hong, Tianyi, and Huabiao Qin.

"Drivers drowsiness detection in embedded
system." In 2007 IEEE International
Conference on Vehicular Electronics and
Safety, pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2007.

[10] Thawornwong, S, Enke, D.

Forecasting Stock Returns with Artificial
Neural Networks, Chap. 3. In Neural
Networks in Business Forecasting,
Editor: Zhang, G.P. IRM Press, 2004.

[11] Niloy, Amit Raha, Atiqul Islam

Chowdhury, and Nusrat Sharmin. "A brief
review on different Driver's drowsiness
detection techniques." International Journal
of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing
10, no. 3 (2020): 41.