DOC-20240218-WA0008. 2

APPSC Group-II | Screening Test | Test Code - G2WPT-0117
Full Length Mock Test | Key & Explanations

Q No Option Q No Option Q No Option Q No Option Q No Option
1 2 31 1 61 1 91 3 121 3
2 3 32 2 62 4 92 1 122 4
3 1 33 4 63 1 93 3 123 1
4 2 34 3 64 3 94 4 124 2
5 3 35 2 65 3 95 1 125 2
6 3 36 1 66 2 96 1 126 4
7 1 37 3 67 2 97 3 127 3
8 2 38 4 68 1 98 2 128 4
9 1 39 2 69 3 99 3 129 2
10 4 40 3 70 2 100 1 130 4
11 1 41 1 71 2 101 3 131 3
12 1 42 4 72 3 102 4 132 3
13 1 43 1 73 3 103 4 133 4
14 3 44 1 74 2 104 3 134 4
15 1 45 3 75 4 105 4 135 1
16 1 46 4 76 4 106 3 136 2
17 1 47 4 77 4 107 4 137 2
18 1 48 1 78 1 108 3 138 3
19 4 49 4 79 1 109 1 139 4
20 2 50 4 80 4 110 3 140 2
21 1 51 4 81 4 111 2 141 3
22 3 52 1 82 4 112 3 142 1
23 2 53 3 83 1 113 4 143 1
24 4 54 1 84 4 114 4 144 3
25 1 55 4 85 3 115 1 145 4
26 3 56 3 86 3 116 2 146 3
27 1 57 3 87 3 117 1 147 1
28 3 58 3 88 4 118 1 148 1
29 4 59 4 89 4 119 2 149 2
30 4 60 4 90 1 120 2 150 3
APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | Starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC Group-II | Screening Test | Test Code - G2WPT-0117
Full Length Mock Test | Key & Explanations
Part A yogasadhana (training the mind and body)
History among others.
1. Correct Answer: Option (2) ● The Gurus and their pupils worked
Type of Question: Factual conscientiously together to become proficient
Pashupati Seal: in all aspects of learning.
● This seal is generally identified as the Further reading: Ancient education system of
Pashupati Seal by some scholars whereas India
some identify it as the female deity. 3. Correct Answer: Option (1)
● This seal depicts a human figure seated cross- Type of Question: Factual
legged. ● The life-size standing image of a Yakshini
● An elephant and a tiger are depicted to the holding a chauri (flywhisk) from Didarganj
right side of the seated figure, while on the near modern Patna is another good example
left a rhinoceros and a buffalo are seen. of the sculptural tradition of the Mauryan
● In addition to these animals two antelopes are Period.
shown below the seat. ● Kept in Patna Museum, it is a tall, well-
proportioned, free-standing sculpture in
round made in sandstone with a polished
surface.
● The chauri is held in the right hand whereas
the left hand is broken.
● The image shows sophistication in the
treatment of form and medium.
● The sculptor’s sensitivity towards the round
muscular body is clearly visible.
● The face has round, fleshy cheeks, while the
neck is relatively small in proportion; the eyes,
nose and lips are sharp. Folds of muscles are
properly rendered.
Further reading: Arts of Indus valley civilization

2. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Type of Question: Factual
Various disciplines encompassed in the Vedas:
● In Vedic period, Sources of learning were
drawn from various disciplines such as Itihas
(history), Anviksiki (logic), Mimamsa
(interpretation) Shilpashastra (architecture),
Arthashastra (polity), Varta (agriculture,
trade, commerce, animal husbandry) and
Dhanurvidya (archery).
● Physical education too was an important
curricular area and pupils participated in krida Further reading: Art & Architecture of Mauryan
(games, recreational activities), period
vyayamaprakara (exercises), dhanurvidya 4. Correct Answer: Option (2)
(archery) for acquiring martial skills, and Type of Question: Factual
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Harshavardhana: ● Subsequently, both Razia and Altuniya were
● Harshavardhana, the renowned Sanskrit assassinated in a coup orchestrated by the
scholar, authored several famous plays in the Chahalgani.
Sanskrit language, including Nagananda, Ghiyasuddin Balban(1266-86):
Priyadarshika, and Ratnavali. ● Balban was the greatest of the Slave Dynasty's
● Among these, Nagananda stands out as a rule.
masterpiece, recounting the poignant ● He abolished the Chahalgani and introduced
narrative of Jimutavahana's noble sacrifice to Persian customs and traditions, including
rescue the Nagas across five compelling acts. sizda, paibas (the act of kissing the sultan's
● Notably, Nagananda is distinguished by its feet), jamnibas (kissing hands), and Naurauz
incorporation of the Nandi verse, acclaimed (Persian New Year).
for its exemplary dramatic composition, ● Balban established the Diwan-i-Ariz, a
featuring an invocation to Lord Buddha. department dedicated to defense.
Further reading: Akbar ● He took strict measures against robbers and
5. Correct Answer: Option (3) dacoits, ensuring the safety of Delhi's roads.
Type of Question: Factual ● Balban employed a blood and iron policy to
Slave Dynasty (Mamulk) (1206-1290 AD) confront the Mongol threat, fortifying the
Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206-1210): western frontiers.
● Aibak served as a slave under Mohammed ● He dispatched his son Mahamud to combat
Ghori, with "Mumluk" being the Arabic term the Mongols on the western frontiers.
for slave. Consequently, the dynasty founded Further reading: Other dynasties of Delhi
by Qutbuddin Aibak is referred to as the Slave Sultanate
Dynasty or Mamluk Dynasty. 6. Correct Answer: Option (3)
● His focus primarily revolved around internal Type of Question: Factual
consolidation efforts. His reign lasted merely Guru Arjan Dev (Guru from 1581-1606)
four years. ● He was the 5th Guru of Sikhism.
Iltutmish (1210-1236): ● He compiled the Adi Granth, which serves as
● Originally known as Samshuddin Iliyas, he was the sacred scripture of the Sikhs.
the son-in-law of Qutbuddin Aibak. ● Additionally, he oversaw the completion of
● His strategic approach towards the Mongols the construction of Sri Darbar Sahib,
averted India from the threat of Chengis commonly referred to as the Golden Temple,
Khan's invasion. situated in Amritsar.
● He relocated the capital from Lahore to Delhi. ● He also established the town of Tarn Taran
Additionally, he completed the construction Sahib near Goindwal Sahib.
of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutb ● He earned the distinction of being the first
Minar. significant martyr in Sikh history when
Razia Sultana (1236-40): Emperor Jahangir issued the order for his
● Razia claimed the throne of Delhi by removing execution.
her brother Ruknuddin Feroz. ● As a result, he was revered as Shaheedan-de-
● She became the first Muslim female ruler in Sartaj, meaning "The crown of martyrs."
Indian history. Guru Tegh Bahadur (Guru from 1665-1675):
● Notably, she appointed an Abyssinian slave ● He was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind
named Yakuth to oversee the cavalry. singh and 9th Guru of Sikhs.
● Her reign led to conflicts with the Chahalgani, ● He founded the town of Anandpur.
a group of forty nobles. ● He vehemently opposed the coerced
● She entered into marriage with Altuniya, who conversion of Hindu Kashmiri Pandits by the
governed Bhatinda.

Mughal ruler Aurangzeb, facing persecution Further reading: other Bhakti Saints: Tulsidas,
as a result of his stance. Vallabhacharya, Surdas, etc.
Further reading: About other Sikh Gurus 9. Correct Answer: Option (1)
7. Correct Answer: Option (1) Type of Question: Factual
Type of Question: Factual Radcliffe Commission:
Ahadis: ● In June 1947, Sir Cyril John Radcliffe, a British
● The royal cavalry in Delhi Sultanate was called lawyer, was appointed as the Chairman of two
Hasham–i–Qalb or Afwaj–i–Qalb. Hasham–i– boundary commissions tasked with
Atraj was the cavalry posted at provincial delineating the new borders of India and
level. Pakistan for Punjab and Bengal.
● This army was organized on the basis of the ● He had a timeframe of five weeks to complete
decimal system. this assignment and arrived in India in July
● The Mughal army was organized on the basis 1947.
of the mansab system, described above. ● The boundary commissions for Punjab and
● Ahadis were the royal troopers directly under Bengal also included two nominees each from
the command of the emperor. the Indian National Congress and the Muslim
● The artillery had developed rapidly in India League.
after the advent of Babur. ● The Punjab commission's members were
● Apart from siege i.e. the process of Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan, Justice Teja
surrounding and attacking a fortified place Singh, Justice Din Mohammad, and Justice
there were heavy guns mounted on forts. Muhammad Munir.
● The infantry, though numerous, consisted of ● The Bengal commission comprised Justice CC
both fighting and non- fighting classes. Biswas, Justice BK Mukherjee, Justice Abu
● The fighting men were mainly matchlock men, Saleh Akram, and Justice SA Rehman.
called banduqchis. ● The Boundary Commissions' findings were
Further reading: Provincial administration under made public on August 17, 1947.
Mughals Further reading: Indian Independence act 1947
8. Correct Answer: Option (2) 10. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Type of Question: Factual Type of Question: Factual
Saint Ramananda: Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860:
● In the 14th and early 15th centuries ● The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was formulated in
Ramananda emerged as a popular vaishnava 1834 by the inaugural Law Commission of
bhakti saint in north India. India, established under the Charter Act of
● Though he was from the south he lived in 1833.
Banaras because he considered it to be the ● Thomas Babington Macaulay served as the
link between the South Indian bhakti and commission's chairperson.
North Indian vaishnava bhakti traditions. ● Implemented in 1862 during British colonial
● He looked upon Ram and not Vishnu as the rule, the IPC encompasses a comprehensive
object of bhakti. range of criminal offenses, covering acts
● He worshiped Ram and Sita and came to be against the state, public transgressions,
identified as the founder of the Ram cult in offenses involving the armed forces, as well as
north India. crimes such as kidnapping, murder, and rape.
● He like the monotheist bhakti saints, also ● Notably, the IPC is universally applicable,
rejected caste hierarchies and preached in regardless of individuals' gender, race,
the local languages in his attempt to religious affiliation, or sect.
popularize the cult. ● Unlike personal laws such as Hindu Law,
● His followers are called Ramanandis Muslim Law, and Parsi Law, which are specific

to certain communities, the IPC operates ● Madan Mohan Malaviya signed the pact on
territorially, ensuring consistent application behalf of Gandhiji.
across different demographics. ● But the seats reserved for the depressed
Further reading: Crpc 1882, Evidence act 1872 classes were increased from 71 to 147 in
11. Correct Answer: Option (1) provincial legislatures and to 18 percent of the
Type of Question: Factual total in the Central Legislature.
Dandi March 1930: ● The Poona Pact was accepted by the
● The historic march, marking the launch of the government as an amendment to the
Civil Disobedience Movement, began on Communal Award.
March 12, and Gandhi broke the salt law by ● The Poona Pact abandoned the idea of
picking up a lump of salt at Dandi on April 6. separate electorates for the depressed
● The violation of the law was seen as a symbol classes.
of the Indian people’s resolve not to live under ● This Pact assured a fair representation of the
British-made laws. depressed classes in the public services while
Satyagraha in various areas: earmarking a portion of the educational grant
● Tamil Nadu: for their uplift.
 In April 1930, C. Rajagopalachari Further reading: Detailed provisions of Poona Pact
organised a march from Tiruchirapalli to and Communal award by Ramsay Macdonald.
Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast to 13. Correct Answer: Option (1)
break the salt law. Type of Question: Factual
● Malabar region: Surat Split of 1907:
 Malabar K. Kelappan, a Nair Congress ● The division of the Indian National Congress
leader famed for the Vaikom Satyagraha, into moderates and extremists during the
organised salt marches. Surat Split of 1907 constituted a crucial
● Orissa: ideological and political difference.
 Under Gopalbandhu Choudhuri, a ● This event left a lasting imprint on the Indian
Gandhian leader, salt satyagraha proved independence movement, molding its
effective in the coastal regions of strategies, objectives, and internal cohesion.
Balasore, Cuttack, and Puri districts. ● The Surat Split underscored the discord
● Bihar: regarding methods for attaining
 In Patna, Nakhas Pond was chosen as a independence and leadership conflicts,
site to make salt and break the salt law thereby shaping the course of the movement.
under Ambika Kant Sinha. ● Moderates:
 However, very soon, a very powerful no-  Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale,
chaukidari tax agitation replaced the salt and Pherozeshah Mehta.
satyagraha (owing to physical constraints ● Extremists:
in making salt) ● Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and
Further reading: Women leaders associated with Lala Lajpat Rai. (Lal pal bal)
Salt Satyagraha Further reading: Important INC Sessions
Type of Question: Factual Type of Question: Factual
Poona Pact: Indian Councils act of 1909:
● Signed by B.R. Ambedkar on behalf of the ● This act is also known as Morley-Minto
depressed classes on September 24, 1932, the Reforms.
Poona Pact abandoned the idea of separate ● It considerably increased the size of the
electorates for the depressed classes. legislative councils, both Central and
provincial.

● It retained official majority in the Central British rule in India would end by June
legislative council, but allowed the provincial 30,1948.
legislative councils to have non-official ● It ended the British rule in India and declared
majority. India as an independent and sovereign state
● It provided (for the first time) for the from August 15, 1947.
association of Indians with the executive ● It abolished the office of Viceroy and
councils of the Viceroy and Governors. provided, for each dominion, a governor
● Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first general, who was to be appointed by the
Indian to join the Viceroy’s executive council. British King on the advice of the dominion
● It introduced a system of communal cabinet
representation for Muslims by accepting the ● It dropped the title of Emperor of India from
concept of ‘separate electorate’ the royal titles of the King of England.
Government of India Act 1919: Further reading: Detailed provisions of Acts from
● This Act is also known as Montagu- 1909- 1947
Chelmsford Reforms. 15. Correct Answer: Option (1)
● It relaxed the central control over the Type of Question: Factual
provinces by demarcating and separating the Uniform salt tax throughout India:
central and provincial subjects. ● In 1877, Lord Lytton implemented a uniform
● It further divided the provincial subjects into salt tax across British India, set at two rupees
two parts–transferred and reserved. per maund (37.32 kg) of salt.
● It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism ● This tax not only supported the British colonial
and direct elections in the country. agenda but also worsened state-sponsored
● It required that the three of the six members famines.
of the Viceroy’s executive Council (other than ● In reaction to the 1882 Salt Act, the British
the Commander-in-Chief) were to be Indian. imposed substantial taxes on salt and
● It separated, for the first time, provincial monopolized its production.
budgets from the Central budget and Further reading: Salt Satyagraha by Gandhiji and
authorised the provincial legislatures to other leaders
enact their budgets. 16. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Government of India Act 1935: Type of Question: Factual
● It provided for the establishment of an All- Maratha Empire:
India Federation consisting of provinces and ● Shivaji Bhonsale I, commonly known as
princely states as units. Chhatrapati Shivaji, was a prominent Indian
● It abolished dyarchy in the provinces and ruler belonging to the Bhonsle Maratha clan.
introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its place. ● He strategically carved out a region from the
● It provided for the adoption of dyarchy at the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur, which
Centre. laid the foundation for the Maratha Empire.
● However, this provision of the Act did not ● In 1674, he received the formal coronation as
come into operation at all. the Chhatrapati of his domain at Raigad Fort.
● It further extended the principle of communal ● Under his leadership, he established an
representation by providing separate efficient and progressive civil administration
electorates for depressed classes (Scheduled with well-organized administrative structures.
Castes), women and labour (workers) ● Shivaji revitalized ancient Hindu political
Indian Independence Act 1947: customs and court traditions, advocating for
● On February 20, 1947, the British Prime the usage of Marathi and Sanskrit languages
Minister Clement Atlee declared that the over Persian in official matters.

● The Council of Eight Ministers, known as Ashta ● Shahjahan’s reign was market by extensive
Pradhan Mandal, was instituted by Shivaji to architectural works in his favorite building
serve as both an administrative and advisory material, the marble.
body. ● The prominent monuments of this period
Asthapradhan Duty were;
 The palace-forts: Lal Qila at Delhi
Peshwa General Administration  The mosques: Moti Masjid in the Agra
Fort
Amatya Finance minister  Jami Masjid at Delhi
 The garden-tomb: Taj Mahal
Mantri Maintaining Court
Further reading: Art & Architecture during
records
Mughals.
Summant Foreign Affairs 18. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Sachiv or Shurn Correspondence of the Quit India Movement:
Nawis King ● The Quit India Movement was launched by
Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August, 1942 at the
Pandit Rao Religious Ma
Bombay session of the All India Congress
Nyayadhish Civil and Military Justice Committee (AICC).
● Also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan,
Senapati Matters related to Army this movement was a mass civil disobedience
of the King that took place in the country.
Further reading: Art & Culture of Maratha Empire ● During the launch of the movement, the
17. Correct Answer: Option (1) father of the nation delivered a speech amid a
Type of Question: Factual ‘do or die’ situation.
Architecture under Akbar: ● He demanded that the British must leave India
● Humayun’s tomb is perhaps the first building immediately or face dire consequences.
project of Akbar’s reign. ● The Cripps Mission which was led by Sir
● This building is, in fact, a landmark in the Stafford Cripps, a member of the War Cabinet
development of the Mughal style of in March 1942, made an attempt to secure
architecture. India’s cooperation in World War II.
● Humayun’s tomb is one of the earliest ● Following this, Cripps was sent to India to
specimens of the garden enclosure and is discuss and support the British Government’s
raised high on an arcaded sandstone Draft Declaration with
platform. ● Indian leaders. Moreover, the declaration also
● The Jahangiri Mahal was built by Akbar as a granted India Dominion Status after the war.
robust building in red sandstone. ● To which, Congress denied discussing any
● It is the only surviving example in the fort of terms unless given total freedom.
the domestic requirements of the ruler and is Further Reading: Wavell plan
a fine specimen of the fusion of the Hindu and 19. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Islamic building designs. Type of Question: Factual
● It is planned in the form of an asymmetrical Nature of 1857 revolt:
range of apartments V.D Savarkar First war of Independence
Architecture under Shahjahan:
● Shahjahan was a passionate builder. During R.C. Majumdar Neither first nor national
his reign many existing buildings from earlier war of Independence
times were demolished and built anew.

Eric Stokes Elitist in character Tansen:
● Tansen is Renowned for his significant
Lawrence and Mere sepoy mutiny contributions to Hindustani classical music, he
Seeley was a distinguished composer, musician, and
vocalist, famed for his extensive repertoire of
T.R. Holmes A conflict between compositions.
civilisation and barbarism ● Additionally, he played a pivotal role in
popularizing and refining the plucked rabab,
Jawaharlal A feudal uprising though
which originated from Central Asia.
Nehru there were some
● As one of the Navaratnas, or nine gems, in the
nationalistic elements in it
court of Mughal Emperor Jalal ud-din Akbar,
M.N Roy Revolt was a last-ditch stand he was honoured with the title "Mian,"
of feudalism against signifying his scholarly prowess bestowed
commercial capitalism upon him by Akbar.
● The historical narrative of Tansen is intricately
Further reading: 1857 revolt and leaders in
interwoven with legendary tales, making it
various places
challenging to delineate the factual account
from the surrounding folklore.
● Tansen is credited with introducing several
● The British East India Company established
renowned ragas, including Miyan ki Malhar,
their First factory in Surat in 1613, after
Miyan ki Todi, and Darbari.
securing permission from Mughal Emperor
● Tansen Samaroh is held every year in
Jahangir.
December in Gwalior to celebrate Indian
● Known also as Prince Salim, Jahangir was the
musical legend Tansen.
fourth ruler of the Mughal Empire, reigning
Further Reading: Architecture of Mauryans
from 1605 to 1627.
● Portuguese were the first Europeans to
arrive in India in 1498, led by Vasco da Gama,
Qutub-ud-din Aibak:
a Portuguese explorer by circumnavigating
● Qutb-ud-din Aibak met his demise in 1210 due
the Cape of Good Hope and reaching Calicut
to an accident that occurred during a game of
(now in Kerala), marking the first European
Chaugan (similar to polo), resulting in severe
voyage to India.
injuries from falling off his horse.
● Subsequently, the Portuguese established
● He was interred near the Anarkali bazaar in
trading posts within the region, with their
Lahore.
dominion in India extending from 1505 to
● Following his death, Aram Shah ascended to
1961.
the throne, ruling for a brief span of eight
● The emergence of the Mughal Empire in India
months before being succeeded by Iltutmish.
traces back to 1526, initiated by Babur, an
● Today, Aibak's tomb is situated in the vicinity
Afghan ruler hailing from Kabul.
of Anarkali bazaar in Lahore.
● Through the annexation of the Delhi
Further reading: Slave Dynasty
Sultanate, Babur laid the foundation of the
Mughal Empire, which gradually expanded its
influence across the Indian subcontinent.
2nd Battle of Tarain:
Further reading:
● In 1192, the Second Battle of Tarain occurred
● European factories in India
between Muhammad Ghuri's Ghurid forces
● Chronology of arrivals of Europeans to India.
and the Rajput Confederacy led by Prithviraj
Chauhan.

● The battle concluded with a resounding Gramika or Gramadhyaksha during the Gupta
triumph for the Ghurid invaders, marking period.
their successful incursion into the northern ● The jurisdiction of the village authorities
plains of India. extended over houses, streets, markets,
2nd battle of Panipat: burning grounds, temples, tanks, wells, waste
● The Second Battle of Panipat was fought lands, forests and cultivable lands.
between the forces of Samrat Hem Chandra ● The headman was assisted in his work by a
Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the non-official local council, the members of
Hindu king who was ruling North India from which were usually known as Mahattaras.
Delhi, and the army of Akbar, on November 5, ● This non-official council known as
1556. Panchamandala played a significant role in
● It was a decisive victory for Akbar's generals the administration of the village.
Khan Zaman I and Bairam Khan ● The village council discharged almost all the
Battle of Ghaghra: functions of government.
● The Battle of Ghaghra, a significant ● Among the important taxes of the Gupta
engagement in 1529, saw the clash between period, the land-tax was the most prominent.
the Mughal Empire and the Sultanate of  It was called Bhagakara in some
Bengal. provinces and Udranga in others.
● Babur commanded the Mughal forces, while  Udranga was usually collected by the king.
Sultan Nusrat Shah led the Sultanate of  The rate of Bhagakara and Udranga seems
Bengal. to have varied from 16 to 25 per cent
● This battle followed the First Battle of Panipat according to the quality of the land.
in 1526 and the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. Further reading: Art & Architecture of Gupta
Battle of Kanauj: empire
● On May 17, 1540, the Battle of Kannauj was 25. Correct Answer: Option (1)
fought between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun Type of Question: Factual
in Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India. Brahmo Samaj:
● This battle is alternatively referred to as the ● Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo
Battle of Bilgram, resulting in Humayun's Samaj in 1828, which carried his message of
defeat. rationalism and the principle of social
Further reading: Important Battles in Medieval equality.
India ● His followers believed in the worship of one
24. Correct Answer: Option (4) supreme god (monotheism) and opposed
Type of Question: Factual idol worship, polytheism and ritualism.
Administration of Gupta Empire: ● This movement marked the genesis of
● The empire was divided into administrative intellectual reform in modern India, fostering
divisions from top to bottom. the rise of rationalism and enlightenment that
● The territory of the empire is called a rajya, indirectly fuelled the nationalist movement.
rashtra, desa or mandala. ● Serving as a precursor to various social,
● The empire was divided into provinces called religious, and political movements in modern
Bhukti or Bhogika whose governor bears India, it underwent a division in 1866, giving
various designations like Bhogika, Bhogapati, rise to two factions:
Gopta, Rajasthaniya and Uparika-maharaja.  The Brahmo Samaj of India, led by
● The village which has always been the Keshab Chandra Sen
smallest unit of administration in India was  The Adi Brahmo Samaj, led by
governed by a village headman known as Debendranath Tagore.
Further Reading: Arya Samaj

26. Correct Answer: Option (3) ● The Harappan society appears to have been
Type of Question: Factual matriarchal in nature.
Rock Edicts of Ashoka: ● The Society comprises people following
Major rock edicts: diverse professions.
● The fourteen significant rock edicts are ● These included the priests, the warriors,
dispersed across nearly all of India. peasants, traders, and artisans (masons,
● Other than the Kandahar Greek Edict, which is weavers, goldsmith, potters, etc.)
inscribed on a stone plaque, the rest were ● The Harappan religion is normally termed as
engraved on sizable rocks. animism i.e., worship of trees, stones etc.
● They are written in three languages—Prakrit, ● Evidence of fire worship has also been found
Aramaic, and Greek—and two scripts, Brahmi at some sites such as Kalibangan and Lothal.
and Kharosthi. ● The burial practices and rituals have been a
Minor rock edicts: very important aspect of religion in any
● These inscriptions precede Ashoka's Major culture.
Rock Edicts and are the earliest known Ashoka ● Kalibangan has yielded evidence of a symbolic
inscriptions. burial.
● The Kandahar Bilingual rock edict, written in ● The Harappan people were aware of almost
Greek and Aramaic, is the earliest confirmed all the metals except iron.
Ashoka inscription. ● They manufactured gold and silver objects.
● These edicts are found in various locations But the use of silver was more common than
such as Bahapur, Gujjara, Udegolam, Maski, gold.
Nittur, Siddapur, Brahmagiri, Jatinga ● The common tools included axes, saws,
Rameshwara, Rajula Mandagiri, Yerragudi, chisels, knives, spearheads, and arrowheads.
Sasaram, Bairat, Ahraura, and others. Society and religion in Rigvedic period:
● Among these, only four locations—Maski, ● The family was the basic unit of the Rigvedic
Brahmagiri, Nettur, and Gujjara—use the society.
name "Ashoka." ● It was patriarchal in nature. Monogamy was
Rummindei Inscription: the usual norm of marriage but the chiefs at
● The inscription known as the Rummindei Pillar times practiced polygamy.
Inscription in Nepal is also referred to as the ● The Rigvedic society was a simple and largely
Lumbini Pillar Edict. an egalitarian society.
● It documents Ashoka's journey to the ● There was no caste division. Occupation was
Buddha's birthplace sometime after the not based on birth.
twentieth year of his reign, during which he ● Members of a family could adopt different
personally made offerings. occupations.
● Additionally, he ordered the installation of a ● However certain differences did exist during
stone pillar and decreased the taxes for the the period. Varna or colour was the basis of
local populace in that region. initial differentiation between the Vedic and
Further reading: Art & Architecture of Mauryan non-Vedic people.
empire ● The women in society enjoyed respectable
27. Correct Answer: Option (1) positions. She was married at a proper age
Type of Question: Factual and could choose a husband of her own
Society and religion in Harappan age: choice.
● Harappan civilization was discovered in 1920– ● She could take part in the proceedings of the
22 when two of its most important sites were tribal assemblies called sabha and samiti.
excavated: Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. Further reading: Society and religion in Later Vedic
period

28. Correct Answer: Option (3) garnered support from contemporary rulers
Type of Question: Factual and affluent Vaishyas.
Prayag Assembly: ● Although they didn't directly attack the caste
● Every 5 years, Harsha convened a gathering at system, they opposed it and attracted many
Prayag. converts from lower social strata.
● Commencing with the reverence of Surya, ● Both challenged the rituals and sacrificial
Shiva, and Buddha (a demonstration of his practices of Brahmanism and questioned
acceptance of all beliefs), the ceremony Brahmanical supremacy.
proceeded with acts of philanthropy. ● Both believed Nirvana, or salvation, to be
● Legend has it that each Buddhist monk liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
received 100 gold coins, a pearl, and a cotton ● Both rejected the infallible authority of the
garment. Vedas.
● Additionally, he would contribute the attire ● Both emphasized leading a pure and moral life
and jewelry he wore, then request his sister over ritualistic practices or devotion to a deity
Gayatri for replacements. as a means to attain salvation.
Kannauj Assembly: Further reading: Differences between Jainism and
● In 643 AD, King Harshavardhana of northern Buddhism
India organized the Kanauj assembly, a 30. Correct Answer: Option (4)
religious gathering aimed at honouring the Type of Question: Factual
Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang and promoting Mahavira and Gautam Buddha:
the Mahayana sect of Buddhism. ● Mahavira and Buddha lived during the same
● This sect, known as the "Great Vehicle" in period.
Sanskrit, upheld the belief in the Buddha's ● While historical records do not indicate any
divinity and advocated for the practice of idol direct meetings between the two teachers,
worship. there are instances in Buddhist texts where
Further reading: Vardhana Dynasty Mahavira's disciples engage in philosophical
29. Correct Answer: Option (4) debates with Buddha.
Type of Question: Factual ● Buddhists assert that Jainism was firmly
Similarities of Jainism and Buddhism: established as a faith and cultural tradition in
● Both were rooted in Aryan culture and drew the region by the time of Buddha and
inspiration from ascetic ideals and the Mahavira.
philosophy of the Upanishads, particularly ● Buddhist scriptures recount philosophical
Sankhya-Yoga. discussions between Siddhartha Gautama
● Both arose as responses to the prevailing (Buddha), during his early years as a seeker,
Brahmanical religion, representing and teachers such as Udaka Ramaputta, one
intellectual, spiritual, and social movements of several instructors Siddhartha studied with
of their time. before his enlightenment.
● Both originated in eastern India, which had Confucius:
retained aspects of pre-Aryan culture. ● Confucius (551-479 BC) , contemporary of
● Both were initiated by members of the Mahavir and Gautam Buddha.
Kshatriya caste and appealed to socially ● He was a philosopher and educator from
marginalized groups such as the economically China, whose ethical and political ideas
powerful yet socially disregarded Vaishyas continue to profoundly influence
and the oppressed Sudras. contemporary Chinese society.
● Both Mahavira and Buddha, founders of Ajatashatru:
Jainism and Buddhism respectively, hailed
from Kshatriya royal backgrounds and

● Ajatashatru, the son of King Bimbisara and the Shipki la pass Shimla and Tibet
second most influential ruler of the Haryanka
Dynasty. Rohtang pass Kulu valley to Lahul
 Both are contemporary to Mahavir and and Spiti valley
Gautam Buddha.
● He was the contemporary of Mahavira and Nathu La Pass Sikkim and Tibet
Gautama Buddha.
Khardung La Pass Leh and Nubra Valley
● He ascended to power in the kingdom of
Magadha and incarcerated his father. He Bara lacha Pass Lahaul and Leh
ruled Magadha from 492 BC to 460 BC.
Further reading: Earth and its layers
Further reading: Buddhism and Jainism
Part B
Biosphere Reserves:
Geography
● Biosphere Reserve (BR) is an international
designation by UNESCO for representative
parts of natural and cultural landscapes
Mahi River:
extending over a large area of terrestrial or
● Mahi River is one of the major west flowing
coastal/ marine ecosystems or a combination
interstate rivers of India, draining into the Gulf
thereof.
of Khambhat.
● BRs are designated to deal with one of the
● The basin is bounded on the North and the
most important questions of reconciling the
North-West by Aravalli hills, on the East by the
conservation of biodiversity, the quest for
ridge separating it from the Chambal Basin, on
economic and social development and
the South by the Vindhyas and on the West by
maintenance of associated cultural values.
the Gulf of Khambhat.
Biosphere Reserves in India:
● The basin has a maximum width of about 250
1) Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh
km.
2) Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand
● Mahi river originates on the Northern slope of
3) Khangchendzonga, Sikkim
Vindhyas.
4) Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh
● The Mahi River is the only river in India which
5) Manas, Assam
crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice on its
6) Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam
journey.
7) Nokrek, Meghalaya
● It begins its course in Madhya Pradesh,
8) Panna, Madhya Pradesh
meanders through the Vagad region of
9) Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan, and ultimately enters Gujarat
10) Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-
before emptying into the Arabian Sea through
Chhattisgarh
the Gulf of Khambhat.
11) Kachchh, Gujarat
Further reading: West flowing Rivers in India
12) Similipal, Odisha
13) Sundarban, West Bengal
14) Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh
Various Mountain passes and areas they
15) Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil Nadu-Kerala
connect:
16) Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala
Mountain Passes Areas connected by 17) Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
them 18) Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island
Further reading: Protected areas in news
Zojila pass Srinagar and Leh

Horticulture crops production in India: ● The Himalayan drainage system has evolved
● India is the largest producer in the world of through a long geological history.
milk, cashew nuts, coconuts, tea, ginger, ● It mainly includes the Ganga, the Indus and
turmeric and black pepper, Coffee. the Brahmaputra river basins.
● It also has the world's largest cattle ● Since these are fed both by melting of snow
population (281 million). and precipitation, rivers of this system are
● It is the second largest producer of wheat, perennial.
rice, sugar, groundnut and inland fish. ● These rivers pass through the giant gorges
● It is the third largest producer of tobacco in carved out by the erosional activity carried on
the world. simultaneously with the uplift of the
● India accounts for 10% of the world fruit Himalayas.
production with first rank in the production of ● Besides deep gorges, these rivers also form V-
banana and sapota. shaped valleys.
Further reading: Horticulture crops production In ● While entering the plains, they form
Andhra Pradesh depositional features like flat valleys, ox-bow
35. Correct Answer: Option (2) lakes, flood plains, braided channels, and
Type of Question: Factual deltas near the river mouth.
Animal Husbandry and Dairying sector in India: ● In the Himalayan reaches, the course of these
● The Livestock Sector is an important subsector rivers is highly tortuous, but over the plains
of agriculture in the Indian economy. they display a strong meandering tendency
● The contribution of livestock in total and shift their courses frequently.
agriculture and allied sector GVA (at constant ● Himalayan Rivers are examples of Antecedent
prices) has increased from 24.32per cent Drainage.
(2014-15) to 30.13per cent (2020-21).  Examples: Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus
● Livestock sector contributed 4.90 per cent of Peninsular Rivers:
total GVA in 2020-21. ● The Peninsular drainage system is older than
● Dairy is the single largest agricultural the Himalayan one.
commodity contributing 5 percent of the ● This is evident from the broad, largely-graded
national economy and employing more than 8 shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers.
crore farmers directly. ● The Western Ghats running close to the
● India is ranked 1st in milk production western coast act as the water divide between
contributing 23 percent of global milk the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their
production. water in the Bay of Bengal and as small
● India ranks 3rd in Egg Production and 8th in rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.
meat production in the world. ● Most of the major Peninsular Rivers except
● Egg production in the country is growing at Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east.
the rate of 8% per annum. ● These are examples of Consequent Drainage.
● The per capita availability of eggs is at 95 eggs  Examples: Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery,
per annum in 2021-22. Mahanadi
Further reading: Government initiatives for Further reading: Ganga River
animal husbandry and Dairying sector 37. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Type of Question: Factual Forms of Rocks:
Comparison between Himalayan and Peninsular Igneous Rocks:
Rivers: ● Igneous rocks also known as primary rocks as
Himalayan Rivers: they form out of magma and lava from the
interior of the earth.

● The igneous rocks are formed when magma ● Metamorphic rocks are classified into two
cools and solidifies. major groups — foliated rocks and
● Igneous rocks are classified based on texture. nonfoliated rocks.
Texture depends upon size and arrangement ● Gneissoid, granite, syenite, slate, schist,
of grains or other physical conditions of the marble, quartzite etc. are some examples of
materials. metamorphic rocks.
● If molten material is cooled slowly at great Further reading: Rock Cycle and detailed
depths, mineral grains may be very large. properties of Various forms of rocks
● Sudden cooling (at the surface) results in 38. Correct Answer: Option (4)
small and smooth grains. Type of Question: Factual
● Intermediate conditions of cooling would Local storms of Hot weather season:
result in intermediate sizes of grains making Mango Shower:
up igneous rocks. ● Towards the end of summer, there are pre-
● Granite, gabbro, pegmatite, basalt, volcanic monsoon showers which are a common
breccia and tuff are some of the examples of phenomenon in Kerala and coastal areas of
igneous rocks. Karnataka.
Sedimentary Rocks: ● Locally, they are known as mango showers
● The word ‘sedimentary’ is derived from the since they help in the early ripening of
Latin word sedimentum, which means mangoes.
settling. Blossom Shower:
● In many sedimentary rocks, the layers of ● With this shower, coffee flowers blossom in
deposits retain their characteristics even after Kerala and nearby areas.
lithification. Nor Westers:
● Hence, we see a number of layers of varying ● These are dreaded evening thunderstorms in
thickness in sedimentary rocks like sandstone, Bengal and Assam.
shale etc. ● Their notorious nature can be understood
● Depending upon the mode of formation, from the local nomenclature of ‘Kalbaisakhi’,
sedimentary rocks are classified into three a calamity of the month of Baisakh.
major groups: ● These showers are useful for tea, jute and rice
 Mechanically formed: sandstone, cultivation.
conglomerate, limestone, shale, loess etc. ● In Assam, these storms are known as “Bardoli
are examples Chheerha”.
 Organically formed: geyserite, chalk, Loo:
limestone, coal etc. are some examples. ● Hot, dry and oppressive winds blowing in the
 Chemically formed: chert, limestone, Northern plains from Punjab to Bihar with
halite, potash etc. are some examples higher intensity between Delhi and Patna.
Metamorphic Rocks: Further reading: South west monsoon season in
● The word metamorphic means ‘change of India.
form’. 39. Correct Answer: Option (2)
● These rocks form under the action of Type of Question: Factual
pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) Highest number of Moons:
changes. ● Saturn has the highest number of moons in
● Metamorphism is a process by which already our Solar system.
consolidated rocks undergo recrystallisation ● Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the
and reorganization of materials within original second largest planet in our solar system.
rocks. ● Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets,
Saturn is unique among the planets.

● It is not the only planet to have rings—made ● On 21st March and September 23rd, direct
of chunks of ice and rock—but none are as rays of the sun fall on the equator.
spectacular or as complicated as Saturn's. ● At this position, neither of the poles is tilted
● Like fellow gas giant Jupiter, Saturn is a towards the sun; so, the whole earth
massive ball made mostly of hydrogen and experiences equal days and equal nights. This
helium. is called an equinox.
● It is surrounded by more than 140 known ● On 23rd September, it is autumn season in the
moons which is the highest number of Moons Northern Hemisphere and spring season in
for a planet in the Solar system. the Southern Hemisphere.
● Source: ● The opposite is the case on 21st March, when
https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/moons/ it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and
● Further reading: Various Space missions autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.
regarding Saturn, Mars and Jupiter Planets
Equinox and Solstice:
Summer Solstice:
● The areas near the poles receive less heat as
the rays of the sun are slanting.
● The North Pole is inclined towards the sun and
the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience
continuous daylight for about six months.
● Since a large portion of the Northern
Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is
summer in the regions north of the equator.
● The longest day and the shortest night at Further reading: Seasonal changes in Northern
these places occur on 21st June. and Southern Hemisphere
● At this time in the Southern Hemisphere all 41. Correct Answer: Option (1)
these conditions are reversed. It is winter Type of Question: Factual
there. The nights are longer than the days. The Main Asteroid belt:
● This position of the earth is called the Summer ● The majority of known asteroids orbit within
Solstice the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter,
Winter Solstice: generally with not very elongated orbits.
● On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn ● The belt is estimated to contain between 1.1
receives direct rays of the sun as the South and 1.9 million asteroids larger than 1
Pole tilts towards it. kilometer (0.6 miles) in diameter, and millions
● As the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of of smaller ones.
Capricorn (23° S), a larger portion of the ● Early in the history of the solar system, the
Southern Hemisphere gets light. gravity of newly formed Jupiter brought an
● Therefore, it is summer in the Southern end to the formation of planetary bodies in
Hemisphere with longer days and shorter this region and caused the small bodies to
nights. collide with one another, fragmenting them
● The reverse happens in the Northern into the asteroids we observe today.
Hemisphere. Further reading: Types of Asteroids: C, S, M
● This position of the earth is called the Winter 42. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Solstice. Type of Question: Factual
Equinox: Perihelion and Aphelion:

● The solar output received at the top of the ● Indian Standard Time (IST) corresponds to the
atmosphere varies slightly in a year due to the time followed across India, offset from
variations in the distance between the earth Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) by +5:30.
and the sun. ● India does not participate in daylight saving
● During its revolution around the sun, the time (DST) or any seasonal adjustments.
earth is farthest from the sun (152 million km) ● IST is calculated based on the 82.5° E
on 4th July. longitude, slightly west of Mirzapur town near
 This position of the earth is called Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.
aphelion. ● The difference in longitude between Mirzapur
● On 3rd January, the earth is the nearest to the and the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, UK
sun (147 million km). results in a precise time difference of 5 hours
 This position is called perihelion. and 30 minutes.
● Therefore, the annual insolation received by Further reading: Concept of Daylight saving, Time
the earth on 3rd January is slightly more than zones for different countries
the amount received on 4th July. 44. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Forms of Mountains around the world:
● There are three types of mountains- Fold
Mountains, Block Mountains and the Volcanic
Mountains.
● The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are
young fold mountains with rugged relief and
high conical peaks.
● The Aravali range in India is one of the oldest
mountain systems in the world.
● The range has considerably worn down due to
Further reading: Solar radiation and Insolation the processes of erosion.
43. Correct Answer: Option (1) ● The Appalachians in North America and the
Type of Question: Factual Ural Mountains in Russia have rounded
Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard time: features and low elevation.
● Greenwich Mean Time or GMT is the mean  They are very old, folded mountains.
(average) solar time at the Greenwich ● Block Mountains are created when large areas
Meridian or Prime Meridian, 0 degrees are broken and displaced vertically.
longitude. ● The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and
● The time displayed by the Shepherd Gate the lowered blocks are called graben.
Clock at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, ● The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in
London, is always GMT. Europe are examples of such mountain
● When the sun is at its highest point exactly systems.
above the Prime Meridian at the Royal ● Volcanic mountains are formed due to
Observatory, it is 12:00 noon at Greenwich. volcanic activity. Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa and
● Until 1972, when it was replaced by UTC Mt.Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such
(universal time coordinated), GMT was also mountains.
the basis of international civil time standard. Further reading: Major landforms on Earth
● It is still used as civil time in the UK, when 45. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Daylight Saving Time is not in use. Type of Question: Factual
Indian Standard Time (IST): Plate Boundaries and relevant examples:

● The Earth’s lithosphere, which includes the Law of Areas:
crust and upper mantle, is made up of a series ● The line that joins any planet to the sun
of pieces, or tectonic plates, that move slowly sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
over time. ● This law comes from the observations that
Divergent Boundary: planets appear to move slower when they are
● A divergent boundary occurs when two farther from the sun than when they are
tectonic plates move away from each other. nearer.
● Along these boundaries, earthquakes are Law of periods:
common and magma (molten rock) rises from ● The square of the time period of revolution of
the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying a planet is proportional to the cube of the
to create a new oceanic crust. semi-major axis of the ellipse traced out by
● The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of the planet.
divergent plate boundaries. ● Law implies that the period for a planet to
Convergent Boundary orbit the Sun increases rapidly with the radius
● When two plates come together, it is known of its orbit.
as a convergent boundary. ● Thus, we find that Mercury, the innermost
● The impact of the colliding plates can cause planet, takes only 88 days to orbit the Sun.
the edges of one or both plates to buckle up The earth takes 365 days, while Saturn
into mountain ranges or one of the plates may requires 10,759 days to do the same.
bend down into a deep seafloor trench. Further reading: Gravitational forces
● A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to 47. Correct Answer: Option (4)
convergent plate boundaries and powerful Type of Question: Factual
earthquakes are common along these Inner and Outer Planets:
boundaries. Inner planets:
● The Pacific Ring of Fire is an example of a ● These planets are very close to the sun. They
convergent plate boundary. are made up of Rocks.
Transform Plate Boundary: ● MERCURY:
● Two plates sliding past each other forms a  One orbit around sun - 88 days,
transform plate boundary.  One spin on the axis - 59 days.
● One of the most famous transform plate ● VENUS:
boundaries occurs at the San Andreas Fault  One orbit around the sun - 255 days.
zone, which extends underwater.  One spin on axis - 243 days
● Natural or human-made structures that cross ● EARTH:
a transform boundary are offset — split into  One orbit around the sun - 365 days.
pieces and carried in opposite directions.  One spin on axis - 1 day
Further reading: Indian and Eurasian plates  Number of moons - 1
46. Correct Answer: Option (4) ● MARS:
Type of Question: Factual  One orbit around sun - 687 days
Kepler law of planetary motion:  One spin on axis - 1 day
Law of Orbits:  number of moons – 02
● Each planet's orbit about the Sun is an ellipse. Outer Planets:
● The Sun's center is always located at one focus ● Very-very far from the sun and are huge
of the orbital ellipse. planets made up of gases and liquids.
● The Sun is at one focus. The planet follows the ● JUPITER:
ellipse in its orbit, meaning that the planet to  One orbit around the sun - 11 years, 11
Sun distance is constantly changing as the months, about 12 years.
planet goes around its orbit.  One spin on axis - 9 hours, 56 minutes

 Number of moons - 16 ● It takes approximately 365 and one-quarter
● SATURN: days (one year) for the Earth to complete one
 One orbit around the sun - 29 years, 5 full revolution around the Sun.
months. ● To reconcile the extra six hours accumulated
 One spin on axis - 10 hours 40 minutes each year, which would total to one day (24
 Number of moons - about 18. hours) over a span of four years, this
● URANUS: additional day is added to the month of
 One orbit around the sun - 84 years. February.
 One spin around axis - 17 hours 14 ● Consequently, every fourth year, February
minutes extends to 29 days instead of the usual 28,
 Number of moons - about 17. resulting in a year with 366 days known as a
● NEPTUNE – leap year.
 One orbit around the sun - 164 years. Further reading: Standard Meridian
 One spin on axis-16 hours 7 minutes 49. Correct Answer: Option (4)
 Number of moons -8 Type of Question: Factual
Further reading: Asteroids, Meteoroids Biggest star in the Universe:
48. Correct Answer: Option (1) ● The biggest star known in the universe is UY
Type of Question: Factual Scuti, boasting an estimated radius of 1.188
Factors responsible for different seasons on billion kilometers.
Earth: ● If positioned at the centre of our solar system,
● The seasons have nothing to do with how far its outer layer, known as the photosphere,
the Earth is from the Sun. would extend just beyond Jupiter's orbit.
● If this were the case, it would be hotter in the ● UY Scuti, initially identified by German
northern hemisphere during January as astronomers in 1860 under the designation
opposed to July. "BD-12 5055," is located near the Milky Way's
● Instead, the seasons are caused by the Earth centre, approximately 9,500 light-years
being tilted on its axis by an average of 23.5 distant from Earth.
degrees (Earth's tilt on its axis actually varies ● This colossal star is part of the constellation
from near 22 degrees to 24.5 degrees). Scutum.
Rotation of the Earth: Further reading: Proxima Centauri
● The Earth rotates on its axis in an eastward 50. Correct Answer: Option (4)
direction, completing one full rotation Type of Question: Factual
approximately every 24 hours, leading to the Planets:
occurrence of day and night. ● Planets are the celestial bodies that do not
● The boundary separating day and night on the have their own heat and light.
Earth's surface is known as the circle of ● They are lit by the light of stars.
illumination. ● For example, the Earth on which we live is a
● Additionally, the Earth's axis is tilted at an planet.
angle of 23.5 degrees relative to the ● They are made up of solid materials and gases.
perpendicular to its orbital plane, which is the ● According IAU, A planet is a celestial body that
plane defined by the Earth's orbit around the  is in orbit around the Sun
Sun.  Has sufficient mass for itself-gravity to
Revolution of the Earth: overcome rigid body forces so that it
● The Earth's orbital movement around the Sun assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly
is referred to as revolution. round) shape
 Has cleared the neighbourhood around its
orbit.

Further reading: Sun ● Andhra Pradesh has recorded an increase of
51. Correct Answer: Option (4) 647 sq km of forest cover.
Type of Question: Conceptual ● Total Recorded Forest Area (RFA) in AP is
● Physiographically, Andhra Pradesh State can 29,784 sq km, which is 18.28% of the total
be divided into three distinct zones: geographical area.
 Coastal plains  The extent is less than the national RFA of
 Eastern Ghats 24.62%.
 Western Pediplains ● Andhra Pradesh stood first in the country in
Coastal Plain: increasing forest cover, followed by
● It stretches from Kalingapatnam Telangana (632 sq km), Odisha (537 sq km),
(Srikakulam district) in the north to Pulicat Karnataka (155 sq km), and Jharkhand (110 sq
(Nellore district) in the south along a narrow km).
strip, which broadens in the middle along ● According to the Indian Forest Survey report-
Godavari- Krishna deltas. 2021, Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh
● The altitude of coastal plains ranges from sea recorded the lowest forest cover and east
level at the coast to 150-200 m above mean Godavari district recorded the highest forest
sea level on the west. cover.
● Fertile alluvial soil, Red Beds, Sand Beaches
and Saline Soil are found.
● Kolleru Lake, Pulicat Lake, Visakhapatnam
Port, Yarada Cliff are located here.
Eastern Ghats:
● Discontinuous hill ranges extending in North-
South direction to the west of coastal plain all
along Andhra Pradesh.
● Hill ranges are dissected by the rivers
Godavari and Krishna as valleys at various
places.
 They vary in height with an average height
of 520 m.
● Papikondalu and Dhumakonda ranges are
spread to south of Godavari River with a
height of 915 metre.
Plateau Region:
● It includes the eastern part of Deccan plateau
and considerable part of the Eastern Ghats.
● Eastern Deccan plateau called Telangana
Rayalaseema is made up of vast sheets of
massive Granite Rocks.
● This plateau in the interior of the State
Further reading: wildlife sanctuaries in AP
extends largely between elevations of 150 to
600 metres above mean sea level.
Further reading: Rocks in Ap
52. Correct Answer: Option (1) ● As per ISFR 2021 report, Andhra Pradesh
Type of Question: Factual has reported an extent of recorded
Findings of 17th India State of Forest Report forest area (RFA) 37,258 sq. km which is
(ISFR) 2021: 22.86 % of its geographical area.

● The State is ranked 8th in terms of the ● The ST population is highest in Visakhapatnam
Recorded Forest Area (RFA) (14.4%) followed by Vizianagaram 10.0% cent)
Recorded Forest Area and Nellore (9.7%) districts in the state.
● Kurnool district has the lowest percentage of
Reserved 85.78 % 31,959 sq.
STs population (2.0%) in the state.
Forest Km
Further reading: sex ratio in AP
Protected 13.60 % 5,069 sq.km 55. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Forest Type of Question: Conceptual
Unclassed 0.62 % 230 sq.km Polavaram project:
Forest ● News:
Further reading: types of forests in AP  The Water Resources Minister of Andhra
54. Correct Answer: Option (1) Pradesh said that heavy inflows into the
Type of Question: Factual Godavari River between the lower and
SC/ST Population: upper cofferdams was hindering the
● Andhra Pradesh accounts for about 17.1% of construction activity at the Polavaram
total population of SCs, and 5.3% of the total irrigation project in Eluru district.
STs. ● The Polavaram Irrigation Project (PIP) is on
● As compared to all-India, the percentage of the river Godavari near Ramanayyapeta
SC's in the total population was marginally village of Polavaram Mandal.
lower and ST population was much lower in ● This multi-purpose major irrigation project is
the state. intended for development of a gross irrigation
● There are many sub-castes within each group. potential of 4,36,825 ha.
Particularly in Andhra Pradesh, there are ● The project also envisages generation of 960
about 59 sub-castes in SCs. MW of hydro power, drinking water supply to
 The important ones are mala, madiga, a population of 28.50 lakh in 611 villages and
relli, adi andhra and others. Within the diversion of 80 TMC of water to Krishna River
mala and madiga there are about 25 and basin.
18 sub-caste groups respectively. ● It confers irrigation benefits in the upland
● Similarly, there are about 33 sub tribes among areas of Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West
STs in the state. Godavari and Krishna Districts.
 Important ones among them are Gonds, ● As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation
Koyas, Konda Reddis, Savaras and others. Act, 2014, Polavaram Irrigation Project has
● The Schedule Caste population is spread over been declared a National Project.
throughout the state, whereas the STs are Further reading: Godavari River basin
concentrated in the hilly and forest areas of Reference: CC material
Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram, Visakhapatnam, 56. Correct Answer: Option (3)
East Godavari and West Godavari districts. Type of Question: Factual
● According to the 2011 Census the percentage Productivity enhancement and export potential:
of SC in the total population was highest in ● Andhra Pradesh ranks first in productivity of
Prakasam (23.2%) followed by Nellore (22.5% Oil Palm, Papaya, Lime, Cocoa, Tomato,
cent) and west Godavari (20.6%) districts of Coconut and Chillies.
the state. ● Area under Horticulture crops is 17.95 Lakh
● Visakhapatnam is the district with the lowest Hectares and production is 314.76 Lakh MT.
percentage of SC population (7.7%) in the ● Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of
state. fruits in the country contributing 15.6% of the
total country's fruit production.
Further reading: live stock in AP

57. Correct Answer: Option (3) ● The rainfall received during this period is
Type of Question: Analytical 310.4 mm as against the normal rainfall of
Andhra Pradesh Urban/Rural Population - 285.5 mm.
Census 2011: ● Rainfall trend over the past 10 years is
● As per the Census 2011 out of total population depicted:
of Andhra Pradesh, 33.36% people lived in
urban regions while 66.64% in rural areas.
● The total urban population was 28,219,075
out of which 14,198,905 were males while
remaining 14,020,170 were females.
 In rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, male
population was 28,243,241 while the
female population was 28,118,461.
● The average sex ratio in urban regions of
Andhra Pradesh was 987 females per 1000
males. Further reading: agro climatic zones in Ap
● The Child (0-6 age) sex ratio of urban areas in Reference: socioeconomic survey
Andhra Pradesh was 935 girls per 1000 boys. 59. Correct Answer: Option (4)
● Thus, the total children (0-6 age) living in Type of Question: Factual
urban areas of Andhra Pradesh were ● Andhra Pradesh is one of the 28 states in
2,990,780 which is 10.6% of total urban India.
population. ● It is located on the southeastern coast and lies
 Similarly, the average sex ratio in rural between 12°41’ and 19°07’ North Latitudes
areas of Andhra Pradesh was 996 females and 76°50’ and 84°40’ East Longitudes.
per 1000 males. ● It is the 8th largest state in India with an area
● The Child sex ratio of rural areas in Andhra of 1,62,970 Sq Km.
Pradesh was 941 girls per 1000 boys. ● The Sea coast along Bay of Bengal to the East
Further reading: literacy rate in AP runs for 974 Km and it ranks 2nd in length
58. Correct Answer: Option (3) among the coastal states in India.
Type of Question: Factual ● Indian Standard Parallel, 82°30’ East
Rainfall scenario in AP: Longitude passes through Kakinada in AP.
● The State received rainfall of 583.2 mm during ● It was formed through Andhra Pradesh
the South West Monsoon period in 2022-23 as Reorganisation Act, 2014.
against the normal rainfall of 574.8 mm, ● Andhra Pradesh shares boundary with the
indicating an excess of 1.5% (Normal). states of Telangana, Chhattisgarh and Odisha
● As per socio economic survey 2022-23, Alluri in the North, Tamil Nadu in the South and
Sitarama Raju district received the highest Karnataka in the west.
actual rainfall (986.1mm) during South-west ● Two major rivers, the Godavari and the
monsoon (June-September 2022). Krishna, run across the state.
● Kakinada, Bapatla, Anantapur and Sri Sathya ● A small enclave 30 km², the Yanam district of
Sai districts received excess rainfall and Puducherry, lies in the Godavari Delta in the
remaining districts in the state received north east of the state.
normal rainfall. ● The climate of Andhra Pradesh state is
● During the North East monsoon period of generally hot and humid.
2022-23 (October to December) an excess ● Union territory of Yanam is located inside
rainfall of 8.7% (Normal) was recorded. Andhra Pradesh.
Further reading: soils in AP

60. Correct Answer: Option (4) ● The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the Nodal
Type of Question: Conceptual Ministry for overall policy planning and
Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger reserve: coordination of programmes for development
● It is the largest Tiger reserve in India. of STs.
● The sanctuary, situated in the Nallamala, is a ● To this end, the Ministry has undertaken
derivative of the Southern Eastern Ghats. activities that follow under the subjects
● The river Krishna forces its way across the allocated in the Government of India
Nallamala Is over 130 kms by a deep and (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 and
narrow gorge with varying widths on either amendment(s) thereafter
side. Further reading: NCSC, NCST
● Bifurcating the sanctuary into two halves, the 62. Correct Answer: Option (4)
river Krishna flows through the Srisailam Type of Question: Factual
plateau to the north where it is called Tribal Panchsheel:
'Uttaravahini'. Jawaharlal Nehru formulated the following “Five
● The famous and ancient temples of Lord Principles” [Panchsheel] for the policy to be
Mallikarjuna and his consort Goddess pursued vis-a-vis the tribals:
Bhramaramba are places of worship from ● People should develop along the lines of their
times immortal. own genius, and the imposition of alien values
● Also, an Important Bird Area (IBA) falling should be avoided.
under the criteria: A1, A2 as per the guidelines ● Tribal rights in land and forest should be
given by Bird life International. respected.
● Indicator Species ● Teams of tribals should be trained in the work
 Tiger of administration and development.
● Forest Type ● Tribal areas should not be over administered
 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest, or overwhelmed with a multiplicity of
southern tropical moist deciduous forest schemes.
intermingled with scrub, bamboo and ● Results should be judged not by statistics or
grass. the amount of money spent, but by the
Further reading: National parks and wildlife human character that is evolved.
sanctuaries in AP. Further reading: Government Initiatives for Tribal
Part C people
Society 63. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Type of Question: Factual Caste:
Ministry of Tribal Affairs: ● Caste is closely connected with Hindu
● The Ministry of Tribal Affairs was set up in philosophy, religion and social organisation.
1999 after the bifurcation of Ministry of Social ● The word caste originated from the Spanish
Justice and Empowerment with the objective word ‘Casta’ which means ‘breed, race, strain
of providing a more focused approach or a complex of hereditary qualities.
towards the integrated socio-economic ● The Hindu caste system is known as the
development of the Scheduled Tribes (the Chaturvarna system, denoting stratification or
most underprivileged section of the Indian four divisions of the society, consisting of the
Society) in a coordinated and planned Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.
manner. ● Each caste is sub-divided into various sub-
● Before the formation of the Ministry, tribal castes and each sub caste is known as ‘Jati’.
affairs were handled by different Ministries at Further reading: Caste system Theories, evolution
different points in time. of Caste system in India from Ancient to modern

64. Correct Answer: Option (3) ● Largest Christian population in Kerala at 6.14
Type of Question: Factual million (18.4% of state population).
Female Foeticide and Female infanticide: ● Christian Majority states are Nagaland at
● Female foeticide is the process of finding out 87%, Mizoram at 86% and Meghalaya at 75%.
the sex of the foetus and undergoing ● Plurality in Manipur at 42% and Arunachal
abortion if it is a girl. Pradesh at 30%.
● Although it is illegal, many people continue to ● Significant populations in Goa at 25%,
practice it. Pondicherry at 6.3% and Tamil Nadu at 6.2%.
● Besides this, there are some communities ● Source: Civic Centre Indian Society Material
which practice female infanticide - the Pdf no :79-80
practice of killing the girl child once she is ● Further reading: other religions population as
born. per 2011 census.
● This fact is highlighted by the findings of 67. Correct Answer: Option (2)
census 2001 which show that there are only Type of Question: Factual
933 women in this country for every 1000 Digital Shakti 4.0:
men. ● The National Commission for Women (NCW)
● Besides this, Census (2011) data showed a launched the fourth phase of Digital Shakti
significant declining trend in the Child Sex Campaign, a pan-India project on digitally
Ratio (CSR), calculated as the number of girls empowering and skilling women and girls in
for every 1000 boys between the age group of cyberspace.
0 - 6 years, with an all time low of 918 in 2011 ● In line with its commitment to create safe
from 976 in 1961. spaces for women and girls online, Digital
● This decline in sex ratio means that we are not Shakti 4.0 is focused on making women
just depriving girls of human rights, we are digitally skilled and aware to stand up against
also depriving them of their right to live. any illegal/inappropriate activity online.
Further reading: NFHS- 5 Data ● It will aid women in utilizing reporting and
65. Correct Answer: Option (3) redressal mechanisms, managing data
Type of Question: Factual privacy, and leveraging technology for their
Student’s death by Suicides: advantage.
● According to data from the National Crime ● The National Commission for Women
Records Bureau, the number of deaths by launched it in collaboration with Cyber Peace
suicide by students saw an increase of 4.5 per Foundation and Meta.
cent in 2021. Further reading: Women and Child protection
● Maharashtra had the highest student deaths Initiatives in India
by suicide in 2021 with 1,834 deaths, followed 68. Correct Answer: Option (1)
by Madhya Pradesh with 1,308, and Tamil Type of Question: Factual
Nadu with 1,246 deaths. Hamari Dharohar Scheme:
● The NCRB’s Accidental Deaths and Suicide in ● Hamari Dharohar” scheme has been
India (ADSI) report 2021 shows student formulated to preserve the rich heritage of
suicides had gone up drastically during the minority communities of India.
coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and ● The scheme provides for curating rich
have been steadily rising in the last five years. heritage of minorities under the overall
Further reading: NCRB data on crimes against concept of Indian Culture which includes
women curating exhibitions, preservation of
66. Correct Answer: Option (2) literature/ documents etc.
Christian Population in India:

● Preservation of minority heritage buildings Karamcharis and liberated Manual
has not been undertaken under the Hamari Scavengers.
Dharohar Scheme. ● Financial assistance is provided to the target
● Hamari Dharohar scheme has now been group for procurement of sanitation related
merged as a component of Pradhan Mantri equipment/ vehicles under SUY through the
Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme Channelizing Agencies of NSKFDC.
w.e.f. F.Y. 2022-23, aiming to improve the ● Further, NSKFDC is also providing financial
livelihoods of minorities. assistance to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) for
● It focuses particularly on artisan communities, procurement of sanitation related
through skill development, education and equipment/vehicles under SUY.
leadership training, to support their Further reading: National Action for Mechanised
entrepreneurship interventions. Sanitation Ecosystem (NAMASTE)
Further reading: Govt. Initiatives for Minorities 71. Correct Answer: Option (2)
Type of Question: Factual Article 47:
New Swarnima scheme for Women: ● The State shall regard the raising of the level
● A term loan scheme by the Ministry of Social of nutrition and the standard of living of its
Justice and Empowerment for women people and the improvement of public health
entrepreneurs from backward classes to as among its primary duties and, in particular,
obtain a loan of up to ₹2,00,000/- @ 5% per the State shall endeavour to bring about
annum, thereby providing them social & prohibition of the consumption except for
financial security. medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and
● The scheme is introduced by National of drugs which are injurious to health.
Backward Classes Finance and Development Article 39(A):
Corporation (NBCFDC), under Ministry of ● The state shall provide free legal aid to ensure
Social Justice and Empowerment and that no citizen is denied access to justice due
implemented by State Channelising Agencies to economic or other disabilities.
(SCAs) which act as the nodal agency. Article 45:
Benefits: ● The State shall endeavour to provide, within a
● A subsidy amount of ₹2,00,000/- @ 5% per period of ten years from the commencement
annum, for self-employment (The remaining of this Constitution, for free and compulsory
amount has to be self-owned by the education for all children until they complete
beneficiary) the age of fourteen years.
● The beneficiary woman is not required to ● The State shall endeavour to provide early
invest any amount of her own on the projects childhood care and education for all children
up to cost of Rs.2,00,000/- until they complete the age of six years.
Further reading: National Backward Classes Article 51:
Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) ● The State shall endeavour to
70. Correct Answer: Option (2)  Promote international peace and security
Type of Question: Factual  Maintain just and honourable relations
Swachhata Udyami Yojana: between nations
● National Safai Karamcharis Finance and  Foster respect for international law and
Development Corporation (NSKFDC) has been treaty obligations in the dealings of
implementing Swachhta Udyami Yojana (SUY) organized peoples with one another
with the twin objectives of cleanliness and Further reading: Categorization of DPSP
providing sustainable livelihood to Safai 72. Correct Answer: Option (3)

The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) minimum of seven years in prison, and up to
Act of 1986: 10 years or life imprisonment.
● This landmark legislation was implemented to ● Section 376 does not apply to married
address the widespread issue of child labour couples, and martial rape is not a criminal
in India. offense in India.
● It delineated the permissible and prohibited Section 420 of IPC:
circumstances regarding the employment of ● Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)
children, specifying both the locations and establishes the penalties for more severe
conditions under which they could be instances of cheating, wherein the
employed. perpetrator fraudulently persuades a
● According to this law, a child is defined as an deceived individual to surrender property or
individual who has not yet reached their 14th tamper with any valuable security.
birthday. Section 306:
● Specifically, the 1986 Act prohibits children ● If any person commits suicide, whoever abets
from working in 13 specific occupations and the commission of such suicide, shall be
57 different processes. punished with imprisonment of either
Further reading: Initiatives to deal with Child description for a term which may extend to
labour in India ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
73. Correct Answer: Option (3) Section 354:
Type of Question: Factual ● Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)
Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY): states that if someone assaults or uses
● The Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) is a small criminal force on a woman with the intention
deposit scheme by the Ministry of Finance of outraging her modesty, they can be
exclusively for a girl child. punished.
● SSY was launched in 2015 as a part of the Beti Further reading: Constitutional and legal
Bachao Beti Padhao campaign. provisions for Women safety in India
● The scheme is meant to meet the education 75. Correct Answer: Option (4)
and marriage expenses of a girl child. Type of Question: Factual
● This scheme encourages parents to build a Factors responsible for emergence of
fund for the future education and marriage Regionalism in India:
expenses of their female child. ● Cultural Diversity:
● Only one account is allowed for a girl child.  India's rich cultural diversity leads to a
● A family can open only two SSY accounts. stronger attachment to regional
● The Minimum Investment is ₹250 per annum; identities.
The Maximum Investment is ₹1,50,000 per  South India's linguistic and cultural
annum. diversity compared to North India.
● The Maturity Period is 21 years.  Reaction against centralization of power,
Further reading: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao language, and culture by the national
campaign government has led to regionalism in
74. Correct Answer: Option (2) India.
Type of Question: Factual ● Historical Factors:
Section 376 of Indian Penal code:  The historical divide between princely
● Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, states and British India.
defines the punishment for rape.  Historical events and political boundaries
● The section states that anyone who commits have contributed to regional distinctions.
sexual assault shall be punished with a ● Economic Disparities:

 Regional economic imbalances with some within a distinctive framework of caste and
states being more prosperous than social custom.
others. ● Caste is a dominant social institution
 Economic variations often lead to permeating social and economic relations.
demands for more control over resources. ● Traditional caste occupation mostly prevails.
 Example Under development of north Women do not have full equality with men in
eastern states in India. several aspects of life.
● Resource Allocation: ● Indian rural society is predominantly based on
 Disputes over sharing river water agriculture. Possession of land carries with it
resources, such as the Cauvery river social and prestige value, besides being
dispute. considered as an economic asset.
 Contentions over resources can intensify ● Landless labourers and tenants constitute a
regional identities. considerable part of the population
● Other factors: depending on agriculture.
 Language and Identity ● Every village has its own organisational set up,
 Federal structure authority and sanctions.
 Geographical factors ● It has its growing body, the panchayat, based
 Political representation on local tradition since long, but now
Further reading: Border disputes between various constituted on a regular basis according to
states provisions of Panchayat Raj.
76. Correct Answer: Option (4) ● Social distance or isolation has a bearing on
Type of Question: Factual the nature of the organisation of a village and
Commissions Chairpersons of its view on the world.
● Availability of or nearness to modern means
National commission Vijay sampla of transport or communications also modifies
for SCs the setting and fabric of a village.
Further reading: Rural Population
National Commission Harsha Chauhan 78. Correct Answer: Option (1)
for STs Type of Question: Factual
Dimensions of Communalism:
National Commission Rekha Sharma
According to Oommen, there are Six dimensions
for Women
of Communalism:
National commission Hansraj Gangaram ● Assimilationist communalism:
for Backward classes Ahir  It is the one in which small religious
groups are assimilated/integrated into a
The National Priyank kanoongo big religious group.
Commission for  Such communalism claims that Scheduled
Protection of Child Tribes (ST's) are Hindus, or that Jains,
Rights (NCPCR) Sikhs and Buddhists are Hindus.
Further reading: nature and functions of above  They should be covered by the Hindu
commissions Marriage Act.
77. Correct Answer: Option (4) ● Welfarist communalism:
Type of Question: Factual  It aims at the welfare of a particular
Characteristics of Rural society: community.
● The village is the unit of the rural society. Its  Example improving living standard and
people carry on the business of living together providing for education and health of
Christians by the Christian associations, or

Parsi associations working for the uplift of ● Kukis are dispersed across the Northeast and
the Parsis. Myanmar.
 Communal mobilization aims at working ● The Meiteis advocate for Scheduled Tribe (ST)
only for the members of one's own status, as being categorized as general weighs
community. against them in the state's dynamics.
● Retreatist communalism: ● In Manipur, individuals who are Meitei or non-
 It is the one in which a small religious tribal face restrictions in purchasing land in
community keeps itself away from the hill districts, where tribal groups such as
politics. Kukis and Nagas predominantly reside.
 For example, the Bahai community, which ● However, Kukis and Nagas have the freedom
proscribes its members from participating to purchase land in the Imphal valley or any
in political activities. other part of the state, where the majority of
● Separatist communalism: Meiteis reside.
 It is the one in which one religious or a Further reading: Procedure to include any tribe in
cultural group wants to maintain its the STs list.
cultural specificity and demands a 80. Correct Answer: Option (4)
separate territorial state within the Type of Question: Factual
country. Schemes/Initiatives under Nirbhaya Fund:
 For example, the demand of Bodos in ● Nirbhaya fund was established by the Ministry
Assam for separate statehood and of Finance in 2013 as a non-lapsable fund for
demand by Gorkhas for Gorkhaland in implementation of initiatives aimed at
West Bengal. enhancing the safety and security for women
Further reading: Secessionist Communalism, in the country.
Retaliatory Communalism, Characteristics of ● Schemes of Ministry of Women and Child
Communalism development under Nirbhaya Fund:
79. Correct Answer: Option (1)  One stop centres (Sakhi Centres)
Type of Question: Factual  Women Helpline (181)
Meiteis and Kukis:  Mahila Police Volunteers
● Manipur, akin to much of the Northeast ● Schemes of Other ministries under Nirbhaya
region, is characterized by a diverse array of fund:
communities with a history marked by mutual  Integrated emergency response
distrust. management system: Ministry of
● The Meiteis constitute slightly over half of the Railways
population, while the tribal groups,  Central victim compensation scheme:
comprising Kukis and Nagas, make up nearly Ministry of Home
40%, with Kukis constituting 25% and Nagas  Emergency response support system:
15%. Ministry of Home
● The majority of Meiteis reside in the Imphal Further reading: other initiatives for women and
valley, whereas the tribal communities Child welfare
predominantly inhabit the hill districts. 81. Correct Answer: Option (4)
● The Meiteis predominantly adhere to Type of Question: Factual
Hinduism, alongside retaining their ancient The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights)
animist beliefs and customs. Act of 2019:
● A minority, approximately 8% of Meiteis, ● This act defines a transgender person as
identify as Meitei Pangals, following Islam. someone whose gender differs from the one
● Conversely, the majority of Kukis and Nagas assigned at birth.
are Christians.

● This encompasses trans-men, trans-women, Tribes:
individuals with intersex variations, gender- ● Tribes are found in all parts of India, except
queer individuals, and those with socio- the states of Punjab and Haryana and the
cultural identities. Union Territory of Chandigarh, Delhi and
● Every transgender individual is entitled to Puducherry.
reside in and be recognized within their ● The term tribe not only connotes a type of
household. society but a stage of evolution and
● Neither government nor private entities are development.
permitted to discriminate against transgender ● A tribe is a segmental organisation which is
individuals in matters of employment, composed of an equivalent and unspecialized
including recruitment and promotion. multi-family group, clan or band.
● Each establishment must appoint a ● A collection of bands has a chiefdom to
designated complaint officer to handle coordinate its economic, social and religious
grievances related to the Act. activities.
● Educational institutions supported or ● Their language is different from the language
acknowledged by the relevant government spoken by the mainstream people.
must offer inclusive education, sports, and ● They live on hunting, fishing and food
recreational facilities to transgender gathering.
individuals without prejudice. ● Socio-cultural institutions are highly
● Transgender individuals have the right to influenced by their consanguine relation.
apply to the District Magistrate for a ● They have faith in animism, naturism and
certificate of identity, specifying their gender totemism.
as 'transgender'. ● Their religions and rituals are influenced by
Further reading: Initiatives for Transgender magical practices.
communities Further reading: Characteristics of Peasants and
82. Correct Answer: Option (4) Tribes.
Type of Question: Factual 83. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Peasants and Tribes: Type of Question: Factual
Peasants: Goal 8.7: To end all forms of Child Labour by 2025
● Peasants are a heterogeneous group. Peasant ● Goal 8 aims to promote inclusive and
society and culture have something generic sustainable economic growth, full and
about an arrangement of humanity with some productive employment and decent work for
similarities all over the world. all.
● The peasantry can be defined in terms of their ● As this relates to children, Target 8.7 of this
subordination to the groups of outsiders who goal aims to eliminate the worst forms of child
are not cultivators but control them through labour, including the recruitment and use of
different means. child soldiers, as well as to end all forms of
● As a result of this, peasantry not only has to child labour by 2025.
produce for their own sustenance but also for ● Children around the world are considered to
the demands of the outsiders. be engaged in child labour when they are
● The family farm is regarded as a basic unit of either too young to work or are carrying out
a multidimensional social organisation and activities that could compromise their
production, labour and consumption revolve physical, mental, social and/or educational
around it. development
● Land husbandry is the main source of Further reading: ILO conventions on Child labour
livelihood that forms the basis for providing 84. Correct Answer: Option (4)
the consumption needs. Type of Question:

● Family life and its structure have experienced ● In this type of marriage after the death of the
significant transformations in recent decades. husband, the wife marries her husband’s
● Various factors are responsible for the brothers.
transformation of family structure in India. ● It is found among the Gond, Munda and the
Industrialization: Oranon etc.
● The transformation of the family from a Sororate Marriage:
production unit to a consumption unit. ● In this type after the death of the wife, the
● Factory employment has granted economic husband marries one of the sisters of his wife.
independence to young adults, weakening ● It is also divided into two types:
familial authority. ● Junior Sororate marriage:
Urbanization:  When a man marries his wife’s younger
● The growing population and limited land and sister.
housing options in urban areas lead people to ● Senior Sororate Marriage:
opt for nuclear families.  When a man marries the elder sister of his
● The abundance of job opportunities in urban wife.
areas attracts migrants from rural regions, Monogamy:
causing the breakdown of joint families. ● It is a form of marriage in which one man
Education: marries one woman at a time.
● The rise in formal education opportunities has ● One can remarry because of extraordinary
not only influenced family structure but has circumstances like death of spouse and
also impacted attitudes, beliefs, values, and divorce.
ideologies. Polygamy:
● Higher education has fostered individualism, ● Polygamy is a plural marriage including more
and the resulting urban job opportunities than one spouse at the same time.
Emancipation of Women: Further reading: marriage among Muslims
● The arrival of a new economic system has 86. Correct Answer: Option (3)
changed how tasks are assigned within Type of Question: Analytical
families, with decisions based on job Affinal Kinship:
opportunities in the labour market. ● This type of kinship is based on marriage.
● This has allowed women to move away from ● The most primary affinal relationship is the
household chores and participate in the job one between a husband and a wife which in
market through various employment its extended form includes parents and
opportunities. siblings of both sides and their spouses and
● Other factors which influenced children.
transformation in family structure are ● Hence, the relationship between son-in-law
declining birth and death ratios, marital and father-in-law is an example of affinal
dissolution, Female headed households, kinship.
Migration. ● Similarly, one’s brother-in-law and their
Further reading: Women empowerment schemes children are also examples of Affinal kins.
in India Consanguineal Kinship:
85. Correct Answer: Option (3) ● This type of kinship based on descent is called
Type of Question: Conceptual Consanguineal Kinship, commonly known as
Preferential Marriage: blood relation.
Levirate Marriage: ● The relationship between child and his
● It is popularly known as “Devar Vivah”. parents, between uncles and nephews/nieces
are examples of consanguineous kinship.
Fictive kinship:

● The kins may not always be related to each which is a major factor for communal
other by real blood or marital ties; rather violence.
there might be an imaginary or assumed ● Leaders from certain communities encourage
relationship between them. communal feelings to gain political support
● Such an assumed relationship may be called from their community members.
fictive kinship. ● Communal parties engage in aggressive
● It refers to individuals unrelated by birth or religious propaganda, creating animosity
marriage who label or treat one another as among various communities.
kin. ● In areas where smugglers and criminal gangs
Further reading: functions of Kinship. hold power, local rivalries among traders from
Reference: CC material different communities can escalate into
87. Correct Answer: Option (3) communal violence.
Type of Question: Factual ● Large cities are particularly susceptible to
Untouchability: periodic communal riots, often fuelled by the
● Untouchability is a caste based evil practice of influence of smugglers and criminal gangs.
Indian society. ● Towns with a history of communal riots are at
● The untouchable castes are those who suffer higher risk of experiencing such conflicts
from various social and political disabilities, again.
many of which are traditionally prescribed Further reading: Methods to prevent Communal
and socially enforced by higher castes. Violence
● The untouchables occupy lower strata of the 89. Correct Answer: Option (4)
society. Type of Question: Analytical
● Untouchability has been subjected to various Elements of Unity in the Modern India:
forms of social degradation and exploitation. ● The Indian Constitution is the most
● The Government of India Act (1935) fundamental source of unity in India today.
introduced the term "Scheduled Castes", ● Indian Parliament is the national legislative
defining the group as "such castes, parts of organ of the Indian nation.
groups within castes to correspond to the ● The Government of India is formally headed
classes of persons formerly known as the by the President who rules on the advice of a
'Depressed Classes'. Council of Ministers headed by the Prime
● This discretionary definition was clarified in Minister.
the Government of India (Scheduled Castes) ● The Judiciary is the legal guardian of Indian
Order, 1936, which contained a list (or people.
Schedule) of castes throughout the British ● The bureaucracy, the police and other
administration. educated professionals played an important
● After independence, the same definition of role in governing the country, maintaining law
Scheduled Castes has been continued. and order.
● According to Article 17, "Untouchability" has ● Modern means of communication, the
been outlawed and is never permitted to be network of railways, surface transport, civil
practiced. aviation, post offices, telegraph, telephones,
Further reading: SC/ST atrocities Act print media, radio and television have played
88. Correct Answer: Option (4) important roles in maintaining and
Type of Question: Conceptual strengthening the national ethos and creating
Causes for the communal violence in India: a "we" feeling among Indians.
● Class divisions and economic disparities have ● Industrialization, Urbanisation and other
led to uneven economic development in India economic factors have led to the creation of
the capitalist and the middle classes and have

also created mobility of labour and services Vishwakarma Scheme' on the occasion of
throughout the country. Vishwakarma Jayanti.
Further reading: Unity in Diversity concept Prime Minister (PM) Vishwakarma Scheme:
90. Correct Answer: Option (1) ● The scheme is designed to uplift traditional
Type of Question: Conceptual artisans and craftspeople engaged in various
Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS): occupations like blacksmithing, goldsmithing,
● Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) are pottery, carpentry, and sculpting, with a focus
set up in States/UTs with grants under Article on preserving cultural heritage and
275(1) of the Constitution of India. integrating them into the formal economy
● EMRSs provide free education to ST children and global value chains.
from class VI to XII in residential set up. ● It will be implemented as a Central Sector
● The scheme is being implemented by the Scheme, fully funded by the Government of
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India.
India. ● The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium
Objectives of EMRS: Enterprises (MoMSME) is the Nodal Ministry
● The schools are aimed to provide quality for the Scheme.
upper primary, secondary and senior ● The Scheme will be jointly implemented by
secondary level education to ST and PVTG the MoMSME, the Ministry of Skill
students in tribal dominated areas, along with Development and Entrepreneurship and the
extra-curricular activities, Department of Financial Services, Ministry of
● to enable them to access the best Finance, Government of India.
opportunities in education and to bring them Features:
at par with the general population. ● Recognition and Support: Artisans and
Coverage of the scheme: craftspeople enrolled in the scheme will
● Every block with more than 50% ST population receive a PM Vishwakarma certificate and an
and at least 20,000 tribal persons, will have an identity card.
Eklavya Model Residential School. ● They will also be eligible for collateral-free
● These schools will be on par with Navodaya credit support of up to Rs 1 lakh (first tranche)
Vidyalayas and will have special facilities for and Rs 2 lakh (second tranche) at a
preserving local art and culture besides concessional interest rate of 5%.
providing training in sports and skill ● Skill Development and Empowerment: The
development. Scheme has been allocated a budget ranging
● Across the country, as per census 2011 from Rs 13,000 crore for five financial years
figures, there are 564 sub-districts i.e. from 2023-2024 to 2027-2028.
blocks/taluka/tehsil having more than 50% ST ● The scheme offers a stipend of Rs 500 for skill
population and at least 20,000 tribal persons. training per day and Rs 15,000 grant for the
There are currently 401 functional EMRS in purchase of modern tools.
the country. ● Scope and Coverage: The scheme
Further reading: ICDS encompasses 18 traditional trades across
Part D both rural and urban areas.
Current Affairs Further reading: One District One Product
Type of Question: Analytical Type of Question: Factual
● News: Human Rights Day:
 Recently, the Prime Minister of India has ● News:
launched the 'Prime Minister (PM)  10 December 2023 marks the 75th
anniversary of one of the world's most

ground-breaking global pledges: the academics, researchers, and stakeholders,
Universal Declaration of Human Rights aiming to support data-driven policymaking.
(UDHR). ● The portal covers diverse information such as
● This landmark document enshrines the diesel consumption, water quality testing,
inalienable rights that everyone is entitled to healthcare expenditure, slum population, and
as a human being - regardless of race, colour, road accident fatalities.
religion, sex, language, political or other ● The initiative, part of the Urban Outcomes
opinion, national or social origin, property, Framework 2022, aims to streamline data
birth or other status. across 14 sectors and shift the focus from
● The Declaration was proclaimed by the United indices to comprehensive indicators for
Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 effective analysis.
December 1948 and sets out, for the first ● The initiative aims to harness data for
time, fundamental human rights to be informed urban policy decisions and planning.
universally protected. Further reading: Urbanisation in India.
● A year-long initiative focusing on universality, 94. Correct Answer: Option (4)
progress and engagement, will culminate in a Type of Question: Factual
high-level event in December 2023, which will International Film Festival of India (IFFI):
announce global pledges and ideas for a vision ● News:
for the future of human rights.  IFFI Goa 2023 screened close to 270 films
● 2023 Theme: Freedom, Equality and Justice from 105 countries in 12 halls at four
for All. venues in a week.
● The theme for Human Rights Day 2020 is ● Since 1952, India has hosted 54 International
“Recover Better - Stand Up for Human Rights” Film Festival of India (IFFI) both competitive
relates to the COVID-19 pandemic and and non-competitive.
focuses on the need to build back better by ● The festival became an annual event from
ensuring Human Rights are central to recovery 1975 onwards.
efforts. ● The 54th edition of the festival, which
● The theme for Human Rights Day 2021 is includes a competition for feature films by
'Reducing Inequalities and Advancing Human Directors from all Continents held in Goa.
Rights'. ● The festival is being organized by the National
● The 2022 Theme of Human Rights Day is Film Development Corporation of India Ltd
Dignity, Freedom, and Justice for All. Both the (NFDC), Ministry of Information and
Declaration and WHO’s Constitution assert Broadcasting, Government of India in
that health is a fundamental human right for collaboration with the State Government of
all people. Goa and the Indian Film Industry.
Further reading: Universal Declaration of Human ● The festival is recognized by the International
Rights (UDHR) Federation of Film Producers' Associations
93. Correct Answer: Option (3) (FIAPF) as a Competitive Feature Film Festival.
Type of Question: Conceptual ● Objectives: The festival aims at providing a
Amplifi 2.0 portal: common platform for filmmakers of the world
● The full form of AMPLIFI is “Assessment and to project their excellence in film art;
Monitoring Platform for Liveable, Inclusive ● Contributing to the understanding and
and Future-ready urban India”. appreciation of film cultures of different
● It was launched by the Union Ministry of nations in the context of their social and
Housing and Urban Affairs. cultural ethos; and
● This portal aims to provide raw data from ● Promoting friendship and co-operation
Indian cities on a single platform for among people of the world.

● Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The Whole World  It emerged after the Asian financial crisis
is one Family) Celebrating the Joy of Cinema and expanded its agenda to cover various
● Date and place the 54th edition of IFFI held global issues.
from November 20– 28, 2023 in Goa, India.  The annual G20 Summit is led by a
● After screening 270 international and Indian rotating Presidency.
films, including 25 feature films and 20 non- G20 Presidency:
feature films, the 54th International Film ● India holds the G20 Presidency from
Festival of India (IFFI) concluded in Goa. December 2022 to November 2023.
Further reading: winners in International Film ● The Presidency is responsible for setting the
Festival of India (IFFI) G20 agenda in consultation with other
95. Correct Answer: Option (1) members.
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour:
● News:
 Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi
became the first Indian Prime Minister
conferred the Grand Cross of the Legion
of Honour.
● It is the highest French order of merit. Further reading: BRICS
● The order was established by Napoleon 97. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Bonaparte in 1802, and has been presented Type of Question: Analytical
for more than the past two centuries on Global Innovation Index:
behalf of the French Head of State. ● News:
● Earlier it was presented to leaders like former  India retains 40th rank out of 132
South African President Nelson Mandela and economies in the Global Innovation Index
former German Chancellor Angela Merkel, 2023.
and others. ● GII is a leading reference for measuring an
Further reading: Black Sea Grain Initiative economy’s innovation ecosystem
96. Correct Answer: Option (1) performance.
Type of Question: Conceptual ● This index is Published annually.
G20: ● It is also a valuable benchmarking tool used by
● News: policymakers, business leaders, and other
 India’s G20 presidency culminates with stakeholders to assess progress in innovation
the Summit in Delhi on September 9-10 in over time.
2023. ● This is the 16th edition of GII.
 After a year of events held across the ● It is a leading reference for measuring an
nation, India hopes to end on a powerful economy’s innovation ecosystem
note showcasing its strong relations with performance.
global powers. ● The GII is an annual ranking of countries by
● The G20, established in 1999 after the Asian their capacity for, and success in, innovation,
financial crisis, initially focused on economic published by the World Intellectual Property
and financial issues. Organization (WIPO).
● In 2008, it was elevated to the level of Heads ● India retains 40th rank out of 132 economies
of State/Government in response to the in the Global Innovation Index 2023 rankings
global economic crisis. published by the World Intellectual Property
● Purpose and Evolution: Organization (WIPO).

● The 2023 edition reveals the ranking of this Type of Question: Factual
year’s most innovative economies in the UNFCCC COP 28:
world amongst 132 economies and localizes ● News:
the top 100 science and technology  COP28 was held in Dubai from November
innovation clusters. 30 to December 12, 2023.
Further reading: reports released by the World ● The World Meteorological Organisation says
bank. one of the next four years — perhaps 2023
98. Correct Answer: Option (2) itself — will almost certainly breach the 1.5-
Type of Question: Factual degree Celsius threshold.
Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe: ● The UNFCCC entered into force on 21 March
● News: 1994.
 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty ● Today, it has near-universal membership.
Organisation) on 7th November, ● The 198 countries that have ratified the
announced the formal suspension of Convention are called Parties to the
Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Convention.
response to Russia’s pullout from the ● Preventing “dangerous” human interference
deal. with the climate system is the ultimate aim of
 Russia had formally withdrawn from this the UNFCCC.
treaty on 7th November, 2023. ● Important COP summits:
● The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in  COP 27 - Sharm El Sheik, Egypt in 2022
Europe (or CFE Treaty), signed in Paris on  COP 26 - Scotland, United Kingdom
November 19, 1990.  COP 28 - Is going to held at Dubai, UAE in
● It was signed a year after the fall of the Berlin 2023
Wall, placing verifiable limits on categories of  There was only one COP summit held in
conventional military equipment that NATO India i.e., COP 8 in New Delhi.
and the then-Warsaw Pact could deploy. Further reading: about UNFCCC
● The treaty was designed to prevent either side 100. Correct Answer: Option (1)
of the Cold War from amassing forces for a Type of Question: Factual
swift offensive against the other in Europe. Norman Borlaug Award:
● It was aimed at preventing Cold War rivals ● News:
from massing forces at or near mutual  Odia scientist Dr Swati Nayak has been
borders. named the 2023 recipient of the Norman
● It was signed in November 1990, but not fully E. Borlaug Award for field research and
ratified until two years later. application for her work in the field of
● The CFE Treaty covers the entire land territory food and nutrition.
of the States Parties in Europe from the ● The award, instituted by the World Food Prize
Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains (ATTU). Foundation.
● It thus excludes much of the territory of Russia ● It is named in honour of Nobel Laureate and
and all the territory of the U.S. and Canada - Green Revolution’s chief architect Dr. Norman
all signatories of the original and Adapted E Borlaug.
Treaty. ● This $10,000 award recognizes exceptional,
● The conventional forces of all three countries science-based achievement in international
that are stationed in Europe are subject to CFE agriculture and food production by an
limits. individual under the age of 40.
Further reading: Treaty of Friendship, Co- ● Other Indian recipients: Aditi Mukherji (2012)
operation and Mutual Assistance (Warsaw pact) and Mahalingam Govindaraj (2022).
99. Correct Answer: Option (3) Further reading: Nandi Awards.

101. Correct Answer: Option (3) and Anne L’Huillier for their work on electrons
Type of Question: Factual in atoms by studying split-second
Nobel peace prize 2023: phenomena.
● The will of Alfred Nobel stipulated that it Further reading: Nobel prize in chemistry
would be awarded to the person "who shall 102. Correct Answer: Option (4)
have done the most or the best work for Type of Question: Analytical
fraternity between nations, for the abolition Regional Overview of Food Security and
or reduction of standing armies and for the Nutrition 2023: Statistics and Trends:
holding and promotion of peace congresses". ● News:
● Since World War 2, it is principally been  Recently, the Food and Agriculture
awarded to honor efforts in four main areas: Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations
 Arm control and disarmament, has launched the Asia-Pacific Regional
 Piece negotiation, Overview of Food Security and Nutrition
 Democracy and human rights and 2023: Statistics and Trends.
 Work aimed at creating a better- Key findings of the report:
organized and more peaceful world. ● The prevalence of undernourishment in the
● Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi was Asia and the Pacific region decreased to 8.4%
awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize for Peace. in 2022 from 8.8% of the previous year.
Nobel Prize in Science of Economics: ● With 370.7 million undernourished people,
● The prize shall be awarded annually to a the Asia and the Pacific region represents half
person who has written a work on economic of the world’s undernourished people.
sciences of the eminent significance ● Southern Asia accounts for almost 314 million
expressed in the will of Alfred Nobel drawn up of the region’s undernourished people.
on 27 November 1895.  This represents 85% of undernourished
● The prize is based on a donation received by people in the Asia and the Pacific region.
the Nobel Foundation in 1968 from Sveriges ● Women across the subregions, except for
Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank), on the Eastern Asia, tend to be more food insecure
bank’s 300th anniversary. than men.
● A Nobel Prize in Economics was not part of India:
Alfred Nobel’s 1895 will that established the ● 74.1% of Indians were unable to afford a
other prizes. healthy diet in 2021, in 2020, the percentage
● The prize in economic sciences awarded by was 76.2.
the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,  Pakistan had 82.2% and Bangladesh had
Stockholm, Sweden, according to the same 66.1% of their populations facing
principles as for the Nobel Prizes that have difficulties in accessing healthy food.
been awarded since 1901. ● 16.6% of India's population is
● Claudia Goldin awarded the 2023 Sveriges undernourished.
Riksbank Prize in Economics. ● India has a lower prevalence of moderate or
Nobel prize in physics 2023: severe and severe Food Insecurity compared
● The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded annually to the world since 2015.
by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to ● Stunting affected 31.7% of children under
scientists who have made outstanding five, while wasting (low weight for height) was
contributions in various fields of physics. prevalent in 18.7% of children under five
● It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by Further reading: Multidimensional poverty index
the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. 103. Correct Answer: Option (4)
● In 2023, the Nobel Prize in Physics was Type of Question: Conceptual
awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, YSR POLAMBADI:

● It was launched in 2019 by the department of ● Jagananna Swachha Sankalpam Mission was
Agriculture in Andhra Pradesh. launched by the Chief Minister of Andhra
● The main objective of Polambadi is to reduce Pradesh on 2 October 2022.
the cost of cultivation and increase the ● Clean Andhra Pradesh (CLAP) Scheme is an
productivity duly empowering the farmers to initiative of AP government to set up a
take economical decisions by adopting powerful sanitation system covering rural
practices of Integrated crop Management. localities in the state.
● Dr YSR Polambadi is a field-oriented training ● Rural households are told not to dispose of
program organized to 30 farmers in an RBK for garbage on the streets and instead hand it
a period of 14 weeks, holding one session per over to the garbage collector.
week on a fixed day in the row of a week. ● Clean Andhra Pradesh (CLAP) Scheme has the
● The farmers are trained on studying, analyzing following main objectives:
and understanding the agro ecological factors  Collection of Waste
existing in the field correlating them to the  Treatment of Waste
incidence of pests and diseases.  Achieving total source segregation of
● Dr YSR Polambadi also teaches various garbage
sustainable technologies like Integrated Pest  Mechanized door-to-door collection of
Management, Integrated Disease waste with community participation
Management, Integrated Weed  Onsite waste treatment
Management, Water Management, Farm  Complete treatment of waste generated
Mechanization etc., to the farmers to utilize  Encourage home composting.
them for enhancing farm productivity and  Green / Blue / Red Dustbin System in AP
quality of the output. CLAP Scheme:
● The evaluation of the impact of Dr YSR  To segregate waste at domestic level, a 3
Polambadi would be done by the Scientists of bin system or green / blue / red dustbin
ANGRAU at the end of the program to system for each household is being
understand its outcome that tends to benefit started.
the farmers.  Another major initiative is to make the
● The program is being organized in Field crops rural areas free of open defecation.
like Rice, Cotton, Maize, Pulses, Oilseeds, ● Under AP CLAP Scheme, the procurement and
Millets etc grown in different districts of supply of 1.20 crore dustbins to around 40
Andhra Pradesh. lakh families are underway
● During Kharif 2022- 23, 8,509 Polambadi ● Ahead of the launch of CLAP, more than
training programmes were conducted, 2.55 13,000 sarpanches and 1,200 district and
Lakh farmers were benefitted. mandal officials participated in an online
Further reading: Seed village programme training programme on the sanitation drive
104. Correct Answer: Option (3) conducted by UNICEF WASH (Water,
Type of Question: Conceptual Sanitation and Hygiene).
Clean Andhra Pradesh (CLAP): Further reading: WASH
● News: 105. Correct Answer: Option (4)
 Demonstrations were held across the Type of Question: Conceptual
State on November 20 and 21, 2023 in Vasathi Deevena Scheme:
front of the District Collectorates. ● News:
 Municipal Workers like Drivers of the  Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy
‘Clean Andhra Pradesh’ (CLAP) vehicles released the amount directly into the joint
are not getting their due pay. accounts of 8,09,039 mothers and
students for the quarter July-September

2023, at a programme to be organised at visiting the official Anganwadi near their
Bhimavaram in West Godavari district. house.
● This scheme aims to improve the Gross ● All the beneficiaries will be eligible to get
Enrolment Rate (GER) of the students. meals through the Anganwadi officers only.
● It also aims to provide quality higher ● The implementing agencies at the
education, ensure continuation of students in state/district level are the Integrated Tribal
the stream of higher education, and equip the Development Authority (ITDA) and the
students with essential skills. Department of Women and Child
● Under Jagananna Vasathi Deevena scheme, Development.
the government provides for the hostel and
mess charges of BPL students.
● Under the scheme, Industrial Training
Institute Courses (ITI) students will receive Rs
10,000 every year.
 Polytechnic students get Rs15,000, and
degree students get Rs 20,000 as fee
reimbursement.
 Full fee reimbursement is provided for
SC/ST students irrespective of courses.
Further reading: Jaganna Amma Vodi
Type of Question: Conceptual Further reading: About YSR Sampoorna Poshan
YSR Sampoorna Poshan: Plus
● News: 107. Correct Answer: Option (4)
 The report of NITI Aayog said that YSR Type of Question: Factual
Sampoorna Poshan scheme is Apex Council for Water Resources:
implemented properly with the aim of ● News:
completely eliminating anaemia.  An important meeting took place under
● YSR Sampoorna Poshan is presented by the the leadership of the secretary to the
Andhra Pradesh Government in order to Union water resources department to
provide proper opportunities related to the resolve the water disputes between
mothers who are not able to get proper Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Krishna
nutrition because of the financial differences. water.
● Scope of coverage: ● The Apex Council is constituted under Section
 77 Scheduled and Tribal sub plan mandals 84 of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act,
spread over 7 Integrated Tribal 2014
Development Agency (ITDAs) of ● The Central Government shall constitute an
Sitampeta, Parvatipuram, Paderu, Apex Council for the supervision of the
Rampachodavaram, Chinturu, K.R.Puram functioning of the Godavari River
and Srisailam and 8 districts in the State. Management Board and Krishna River
● The Government of the Andhra Pradesh state Management Board.
will be providing a 25 days meal to all ● The Apex Council shall consist of:
pregnant women, lactating women, and also  Minister of Water Resources,
children up to the age of 6 years. Government of India—Chairperson
● The beneficiaries will be chosen through the  Chief Minister of State of Andhra
procedure of Anganwadi enrolment and all of Pradesh—Member
the people can apply for the scheme by

 Chief Minister of State of Telangana— Further reading: About Gurajada Apparao
Member. 109. Correct Answer: Option (1)
Further reading: Functions of the Apex Council for Type of Question: Factual
water resources. Gangavaram Port:
108. Correct Answer: Option (3) ● News:
Type of Question: Factual  Gangavaram Port at Visakhapatnam
Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy birth anniversary: received an ‘Environmental Excellence
● News: Award’ from Greentech Foundation for
 Marking the 160th birth anniversary of 2023.
Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy, the State ● Construction of the port began in December
government has announced the holding 2005, and commercial operations
of a week-long celebration from August commenced in August 2008.
23 across Andhra Pradesh. ● The port was formally inaugurated on 12 July
● The government has been observing August 2009, by the Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y
29, the birthday of Gidugu Venkata S Rajasekhara Reddy.
Ramamurthy, as official language day. ● The port is located where Borramma Gedda
● Venkata Ramamurthy Gidugu was a Telugu river joins the sea.
writer and one of the earliest modern Telugu ● With the construction of the port Fishermen
linguists and social visionaries during the in the Gangavaram and Dibbapalem villages,
British rule. who were directly affected by the
● He championed the cause of using a language construction of the port, demanded
comprehensible to the common man construction of an alternative jetty at Yarada
(‘Vyavaharika Bhasha’) as opposed to the and a relief and rehabilitation package.
scholastic language (‘Grandhika Bhasha’). ● The port is managed by Gangavaram Port
● He launched a monthly titled Telugu to drive Limited, a special-purpose company floated
his point. by Mr. DVS Raju, who serves as its chairman
● Gidugu gave a social base to Telugu literature and managing director.
and rendered services to the tribals, especially ● The company is owned by the DVS Raju Group
the Savaras, in Parlakimidi area of Srikakulam (58.1%), Adani Ports (31.5%) and the Andhra
agency area and tirelessly worked for the Pradesh Government (10.4%).
development of tribal languages. Further reading: Nagarjuna Sagar Project
● He gave Savara language a script and 110. Correct Answer: Option (3)
prepared lexicons. Type of Question: Factual
● Balakavisaranyam, Gadya Chintamani, Andhra Annamayya Project:
Pandita Bhishakkula Bhasha Bheshajam and ● News:
Vyasavali are his efforts to convince and plead  Even two years after the Annamayya
with his opponents to see reason. Project got washed away in the deluge,
● His works include: the works for its reconstruction are yet to
 Kalinga Charitra be grounded.
 Sora-English dictionary ● Project investigation is still under progress
 Savara Patalu. and officials are waiting for design approval.
● The British government conferred on him the ● Annamayya Project (Cheyyeru) is a completed
title of Rao Saheb for his service to the Medium Irrigation Project constructed across
Savaras, to pedagogy and to Telugu. Cheyyeru River.
● The British Government conferred on him the ● It is a tributary to Penna River located near
title of "Kaisar-i-Hind Medal" in the year of Badanagadda (V), Rajampet Mandal, Kadapa
1933 for his services. District.

● The project was taken up in the year 1981 and ● SKOCH Award salutes people, projects and
completed in the year 2001. institutions that go the extra mile to make
● The total ayacut is 22,500 acres i.e.13,000 India a better nation.
acres in Kharif, 6,500 acres in Rabi and 3,000 ● SKOCH Award winners include the mighty and
acres for stabilization of wetlands under the ordinary alike.
tanks. ● They receive this Award for their
 190 TMC.ft of water will be released from extraordinary achievements in contributing to
Annamayya Project for drinking purpose society.
of 140 habitations in Rajampet Mandal of ● The Awardees value SKOCH Award as the
Kadapa District. highest civilian honour in the country
 0.1 TMC of water from Annamayya conferred by an independent organisation.
Project will be released for the drinking ● The SKOCH Award covers the best of efforts in
purpose in Kodur area of Kadapa district. digital, financial and social inclusion.
Further reading: Galeru-Nagari Sujala Sravanthi ● It encompasses the best of governance,
Project inclusive growth, excellence in technology
111. Correct Answer: Option (2) and applications, change management,
Type of Question: Factual corporate leadership, corporate governance,
Ports in AP: citizen services delivery, capacity building,
● News: empowerment and other such softer.
 With four ports at Ramayapatnam, ● SKOCH Award not only acknowledges
Bhavanapadu, Machilipatnam and exceptional achievers—organisations and
Kakinada SEZ are expected that officials individuals—but also spurs inspirational
estimate that the dedicated freight guidance and motivational leadership.
corridor (DFC) would now be able to Further reading: APJ Abdul Kalam Award
handle 300 to 350 metric tonnes of cargo 113. Correct Answer: Option (4)
by 2024-25. Type of Question:Factual
(1) Currently, the state ports are handling 19th Asian Games:
100 metric tonnes per annum. ● News:
● The four non-major greenfield ports in  The Andhra Pradesh government has
pipeline for development by 2024 include given away cash awards worth Rs 4.29
Bhavanapadu port in Srikakulam district, crore to the 11 sportspersons from the
Kakinada SEZ port in East Godavari, Machilipa state who won medals at the 19th Asian
am port in Krishna district and Ramayapatnam Games held in China recently.
port in Prakasam district. ● As per its sports policy, the state government
Further reading: Major ports in AP has released Rs 4.29 crore towards the cash
112. Correct Answer: Option (3) incentives announced for the 11
Type of Question: Analytical sportspersons – five gold and six silver
Skoch Awards: medalists.
● News: ● It has released
 AP’s Rural Development Department and  Rs 20 lakh for silver medalist tennis player
Rural Poverty Eradication Organization M Saket Sai (Visakhapatnam),
(SERP) won three Skoch awards.  Rs 90 lakh for triple gold medalist archer V
 They included the Skoch platinum award Jyothy Surekha (NTR district),
to YSR Pension Kanuka; the gold award to  Rs 20 lakh for silver medalist badminton
YSR Cheyutha Mahila Marts and the silver player Kidambi Srikanth (Guntur),
award to "SERP-Institutional Building for
Capacity Building (IB Section)."

 Rs 50 lakh for silver and gold medalist Vidya Amrit Mahotsav:
badminton player R Satwik Sairaj ● News:
(Rajamahendravaram),  Andhra Pradesh has bagged the top
 Rs 20 lakh for silver medalist athlete position in the Vidya Amrit Mahotsav
Yerraji Jyothy (Visakhapatnam), (VAM)-2022-23.
 Rs 20 lakh for silver medalist archer B ● It is organised by the Union Ministry of
Dheeraj, Education, in collaboration with the National
 Rs 20 lakh for silver medalist chess player Council of Educational Research and Training
Koneru Hampi (NTR district) and (NCERT) on the theme of “Innovative
 Rs 30 lakh for gold medalist cricketer B Pedagogy”.
Anusha (Anantapur). ● The objectives laid out in the National
Further reading: 37th national games Education Policy 2020 necessitate fostering
114. Correct Answer: Option (4) new behaviour and practices in all
Type of Question: Conceptual stakeholders of the school education system.
Adudam Andhra: ● This can be achieved by developing the habit
● News: of continuous and innovative improvements.
 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister launched ● Acknowledging the potential of this approach,
the Aadudam Andhra. the Vidya Amrit Initiative was launched on July
● Adudam Andhra, a state-wide sports 29, 2022 by NCERT.
tournament is initiated by the Government of ● The Vidya Amrit Initiative aims to encourage,
Andhra Pradesh. recognise and nurture innovations across the
● Aadudam Andhra was officially launched with 1.5 million schools in our education system by
a ceremony led by the Honourable Chief breaking down big ideas into a series of micro
Minister on November 27th, 2023. improvements.
● It is open to individuals aged 15 and above, ● Vidya Amrit Mahotsav (festival), under Vidya
and this event encourages active living and Amrit Initiative, will promote and recognise
fosters health awareness. micro improvements for innovative pedagogy
● It features competitive and non-competitive implemented by the teachers and school
sports across 5 levels. leaders across India.
 The program will be conducted on a Further reading: Jagganna Ammavodi
massive scale across five levels - gram 116. Correct Answer: Option (2)
panchayat/ward, mandal, constituency, Type of Question: Factual
district, and state level. 25th Asian Youth Chess Championship:
● Adudam Andhra will feature competitions in ● News:
five major disciplines - Cricket, Badminton,  India secured two gold, three silver, and
Volleyball, Kabaddi, and Kho-Kho for both two bronze medals at the 25th Asian
men and women at all levels. Youth Chess Championship.
● Additionally, the program will incorporate ● This event took place at Al Ain, UAE.
marathons, yoga, tennikoit, and traditional ● It was held from 12th to 22nd December,
regional games at each level. 2023
● The programme will be held across 11,000 ● The players participated in the Over the Board
village secretariats and 4,000 ward National Age Group (Under 7, Under 9, Under
secretariats throughout the state. 11, Under 13, Under 15 and Under 17) Chess
Further reading: Ysr Asara Championships between July 2022 to January
Reference: CC material 2023 and finished as top 50 in the final ranking
115. Correct Answer: Option (1) list are eligible to participate in the event.

● GM/WGM/IM/WIM exempted from  Maintenance of the original landscape
participation in the National Championships.  Cultural heritage and diversity
● Nationals (Under 7, Under 9, Under 11, Under  Local values and food traditions.
13, Under 15 and Under 17) medal winners  The selected villages are then evaluated
will be treated as official players. on the basis of
● Eligibility:  Cultural and natural resources
 To be eligible, players must not have  Promotion and conservation of cultural
reached his/her respective birthday resources
before January 1st, 2023.  Economic sustainability, social stability
Further reading: About National CSR Awards environmental sustainability
117. Correct Answer: Option (1)  Tourism potential and development
Type of Question: Factual  Value chain integration
Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure ● 795 villages from 31 states and union
Corporation (APIIC): territories had competed for the award.
● News: ● Lepakshi has received this award from the
 SIDBI signs a pact with APIIC to improve ministry of tourism on occasion of the World
credit linkage to MSMEs in Andhra Tourism Day.
Pradesh. Further reading: Buddhist circuits in India
● Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure 119. Correct Answer: Option (2)
Corporation Limited (APIIC) formed in Type of Question:
September, 1973. ● News:
● It is the premier organisation in the State of  Recently, the UN Sustainable
Andhra Pradesh, vested with the objective of Development Solutions Network released
providing industrial infrastructure through the World Happiness Report 2023 which
the development of industrial areas. ranks countries on happiness.
● APIIC is a wholly owned undertaking of World Happiness Report:
Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP). ● Since 2012, the World Happiness Report has
● It is an Andhra Pradesh initiative for providing been released annually around March 20th as
infrastructure through development of part of the International Day of Happiness
industrial areas. celebration.
● APIIC is the nodal agency notified by GoAP to ● The report ranks global happiness basis survey
develop specified mega infrastructure data from people in over 150 countries.
projects including Special Economic Zones ● This year, the report ranked 136 countries.
(SEZs). ● The ranking uses six key factors to measure
● The role of APIIC is that of a facilitator for happiness — social support, income, health,
mega infrastructure projects apart from freedom, generosity, and absence of
Industrial Parks developed on its own. corruption.
Further reading: special economic zones in AP ● Besides ranking the countries, the report also
118. Correct Answer: Option (1) looks at the state of the world in 2023.
Type of Question: Factual ● For the sixth year in a row, Finland has been
About Best tourism Village: crowned as the happiest nation, Denmark is at
● News: number two, followed by Iceland at number
 Lepakshi has been awarded the Best Rural three.
Tourism Village of India award for 2023. ● Unlike previous years, where the same
● This prestigious award is given to the villages countries tend to appear in the top 20, there’s
that are doing exceptional work in terms of a new entrant this year — Lithuania (at the
 Rural development 20th spot).

● Afghanistan was ranked as the unhappiest Part E
nation, followed by Lebanon, Sierra Leone, Mental Ability
Zimbabwe, respectively. 121. Correct Answer: Option (3)
India’s Performance:  The statement is about the suicide of a girl on
● India ranks at 126th position out of 136 dowry based domestic violence.
countries, making it one of the least happy  Course of Action I, which suggests making
countries in the world. laws more stringent to control domestic
● In 2022, India ranked 136th position out of violence, is one possible way to address the
146 countries. issue.
● It even lags behind its neighbouring nations  However, it is important to note that laws
like Nepal, China, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. alone cannot prevent all domestic
Further reading: human development index violence, and there are a number of other
120. Correct Answer: Option (2) factors that need to be addressed, such as
Type of Question: Conceptual the root causes of domestic violence and
Hornbill Festival: the availability of support services for
● Hornbill Festival is celebrated in Nagaland to victims.
encourage inter-tribal interaction.  Course of Action II, which suggests opening a
● It is one of the largest indigenous festivals 24-hour emergency help desk for women
organised by the state government of suffering domestic violence, is another
Nagaland to promote tourism in the state. possible way to address the issue.
● The festival is celebrated annually in the first  This would provide victims with a safe and
week of December in order to preserve, confidential place to turn for help, and it
protect and revive the uniqueness and could potentially save lives.
richness of the Naga heritage.  However, it is important to note that this
● The festival is considered the “Festival of is just one step, and it is important to have
Festivals” in Nagaland. a comprehensive strategy in place to
● The festival is named after the bird – Hornbill address domestic violence.
which is the most revered and admired bird  Thus, both actions are valid and relevant.
for the Nagas.  Hence, Option (3) is correct.
● The festival is a tribute to this bird, known for 122. Correct Answer: Option (4)
its qualities of grandeur and alertness.  As per statement, Kerala outskirts is under
● The bird is also closely identified with the control of Indian army for 24 hours.
social and cultural life of the Nagas, as  Assumption I: Encountered a national security
reflected in various tribal dances, songs and issue in the outskirts of Kerala.
folktales.  While this is a possible explanation, the
● Hornbill festival exposes the culture and statement doesn't explicitly mention any
tradition of the tribal people and reinforces national security issue. It could be other
the identity of the Nagaland. reasons like:
● The 24th edition of the Hornbill Festival in the (1) Criminal activity: Apprehension of
north-eastern state of Nagaland has been criminals or preventing
inaugurated on 1 December 2023 at the Naga communication for illegal activities.
Heritage Village ‘Kisama’. (2) Natural disaster: Disruption of
● The United States, Germany and Colombia are services due to natural events and the
the partner countries for this year's festival need for emergency response.
and Assam has joined as the partner state. (3) Technical issues: Unforeseen
Further reading: Bihu festival technical problems requiring service
cuts.

 This may be due to any security issues or other  Conclusion I: While winning medals indicates
violence. some level of ability, it doesn't necessarily
 But there is no reference on the long-time translate to global competitiveness.
terrorist attacks in Kerala.  Factors like the strength of competition in
 Thus, neither assumption I nor II is implicit. the Asian Games, individual performances
 Hence, Option (4) is correct. within the medal count, and athlete
123. Correct Answer: Option (1) development outside these competitions
 As per statement, it is a question to conduct need to be considered.
better awareness among teenagers on online  Conclusion II: Winning medals does not prove
frauds. or disprove the level of government support.
 Yes, it is most essential now a days, as Funding, infrastructure, coaching, and other
students are using electronic gadgets and factors contribute to success, and their impact
internet frequently. cannot be inferred from the medal count
 Thus, there is high need to educate them alone.
on the ongoing online threats and risks.  Thus, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
 Argument II is weak as it is not properly  Hence, Option (4) is correct.
substantiated with valid points. 127. Correct Answer: Option (3)
 Thus, only argument I is strong. As per the given data:
 Hence, Option (1) is correct. The ratio a:b = 10:40
124. Correct Answer: Option (2) By formula:
 As per statement, a group of thieves were Third proportional of numbers a:b is:
𝑏2
arrested from railway station. Third proportional c = 𝑎
 Ensure trains are reaching stations on time: Mean proportional between two number a and b
 There is no evidence that the thieves' is:
presence or capture caused delays. Mean proportional = √𝑎𝑏
 While ID checks might help identify criminals, 40 ×40
Here: Third proportional = 10
= 160
the statement doesn't imply a lack of such
checks or that mandatory IDs would have Mean proportional = √16 × 25
prevented this specific incident. =4x5
 Thus, ensuring the checking of each = 20
individual with valid Identity proof can Thus, ratio of third proportional to mean
make sure, no such thieves are criminals proportional = 160:20
are travelling through the public = 8:1
transports. Hence, Option (3) is correct.
 Thus, only course of action II is valid and 128. Correct Answer: Option (4)
relevant.  As per statement, Dr. Lekha was nominated as
 Hence, Option (2) is correct. new ambassador to Nepal.
125. Correct Answer: Option (2)  Conclusion I: This conclusion suggests
Unlike the other three islands, which are all part strained relations between India and Nepal
of the Andaman & Nicobar archipelago formed based solely on the ambassador appointment.
through tectonic plate subduction, Barren Island  However, appointing an ambassador is a
is the only active volcano in the region. This standard diplomatic practice, not
unique characteristic sets it apart from the others. necessarily indicative of negative
Hence, Option (2) is correct. relations. More evidence is needed to
126. Correct Answer: Option (4) support this claim.
 As per statement, Indian athletes got 80
medals in Asian athletic meet.

 Conclusion II: This conclusion is a geographical Thus, value of R =
1240000 ×100
1000000 ×8
fact and is true regardless of the = 15.5%
ambassadorial appointment. Thus, the rate of interest per annum is 15.5%
 It doesn't provide any insight into the Hence, Option (3) is correct.
reasons behind the appointment or the 132. Correct Answer: Option (3)
current state of Nepal.  The statement is about the attack on Indian oil
 Thus, neither conclusions I nor II follows. ships by group of unknown gangs.
 Hence, Option (4) is correct.  Course of Action I: Indian Navy ensuring
129. Correct Answer: Option (2) proper protection for ships in the ocean
As per the given series, let us analyse the pattern directly addresses the security concern raised
followed by the terms. in the statement.
 Increased patrols, surveillance, and escort
services could deter or intercept future
attacks.
 Course of Action II: Accurate communication
with ship employees is crucial for several
reasons:
As
 It ensures timely reporting of suspicious
per the alternate series,
activity or emergencies.
Here, the missing term in the series is 12.
 It allows for the dissemination of safety
Hence, Option (2) is correct.
protocols and updates.
 It maintains crew morale and reduces
Given:
anxiety in potentially stressful situations.
Distance between stations = 360 km
 Thus, both course of actions I & II are valid and
Time taken to travel = 7 hr 12 minutes
relevant.
= 7.2 hr
By formula:  Hence, Option (3) is correct.
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 133. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Speed =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 In this question, as per given data, let us draw the
360
Speed of train = 7.2 blood relation chart.
= 50 km/hr
Time taken to cross man standing in platform = 9
seconds
Length of train = Speed x Time taken
5
= 50 x x9
18
= 125 meters
Therefore, length of train is 125 m.
Hence, Option (4) is correct. Signs Relation
131. Correct Answer: Option (3) Male
Given: Female
Amount deposited (P) = Rs. 10,00,000 | Next generation
Number of years (N) = 8 × Partners
Amount received = Rs. 22, 40,000 Siblings
Let the rate of simple interest per annum be R % As per the chart, the man playing hockey’s son is
By formula: the cousin of Deepak’s wife.
𝑃𝑁𝑅
Amount = P + Hence, Option (4) is correct.
100
1000000 ×8 ×𝑅 134. Correct Answer: Option (4)
Here: 2240000 = 1000000 + 100

 The statement is on the lack of infrastructure In the given case, we have to identify the order of
facilities in government run schools. magnitude of 190.
 Argument I: Yes, government run schools are We can write 190 as 1.9 × 102
lacking financial sufficiency to provide better Hence, the order of magnitude of 190 is 2.
facilities to students. Hence, Option (2) is correct.
 It's a generalization that needs 137. Correct Answer: Option (2)
substantiation. Given,
 Not all government schools may face the VIGNAN = 61
same financial limitations. REWISE = 73
 Additionally, "better facilities" is vague NAIPUNYATA = ?
and doesn't directly address "smart Logic used for:
classrooms." Sum of the numerical values of the alphabets in
 Argument II: No, government run schools are the given word – number of letters in the given
gaining meritorious achievements with word.
quality education along with the support of VIGNAN:
best infrastructure facilities. = (V + I + G + N + A + N) – 6
 It provides an anecdotal counterpoint but = (22 + 9 + 7 + 14 + 1 + 14) – 6
doesn't address the issue of "smart = 67 – 6
classrooms" specifically. = 61
 Furthermore, "best infrastructure REWISE:
facilities" is subjective and needs = (R + E + W + I + S + E) – 6
definition. = (18 + 5 + 23 + 9 + 19 + 5) – 6
 Thus, neither argument I nor II is strong. = 73
 Hence, Option (4) is correct. Similarly,
135. Correct Answer: Option (1) NAIPUNYATA:
HCF of numbers = 7 = (N + A + I + P + U + N + Y + A + T + A) – 10
LCM of numbers = 182 x 7 = (14 + 1 + 9 + 16 + 21 + 14 + 25 + 1 + 20 + 1) – 10
Let the first number be 7a and second number be = 112
7b. Hence, NAIPUNYATA is written as 112.
LCM of two numbers = 7a × 7b Hence, Option (2) is correct.
7a × 7b = 182 × 7 138. Correct Answer: Option (3)
Thus, a × b = 182 Given number,
Thus, value of a and b are 14 and 13. 85
Thus, the first number 7a = 7 × 14 = 98 Formula used:
(𝑎 𝑝+1 −1)(𝑏𝑞+1 −1)(𝑐 𝑟+1 −1)……
Second number 7b = 7 × 13 = 91, which lies Sum of factors = (𝑎−1)(𝑏−1)(𝑐−1)……
between 60 and 85.
Here, a,b,c are the prime factors of the given
Thus, the other number is 98, which lies between
numbers and p,q,r are the indices or power of the
95 and 109.
prime factors
85 = 51 × 171
136. Correct Answer: Option (2) (51+1 −1)(171+1 −1)
An order of magnitude is an estimate of a value's Sum of factors of 85 = (5−1)(17−1)
logarithm with respect to a certain contextually (25−1)(289−1)
= (5−1)(17−1)
known reference value, typically ten, defined as 24×288
the source of the logarithm and the magnitude = 4×16
one value's representative. The magnitude order = 108
is usually written as 10 to the nth power. The n Hence, sum of factors of 85 = 108
reflects the magnitude order. Hence, Option (3) is correct.

139. Correct Answer: Option (4)  He implicitly believes that exposure to a
 The given statement is about, increase in price larger number of potential customers will
of perishable goods. benefit his product.
 Conclusion I: Demand of perishable goods is  Hence, only Assumption II is implicit.
increasing day by day.  Hence, Option (2) is correct.
 Possible connection: Increased prices 141. Correct Answer: Option (3)
could reflect higher demand, but it's not Given,
the only explanation. The average of 20 members = ₹ 75
 Alternative explanations: Prices could be Formula used:
rising due to: Sum of observations
Average =
Total number of observations
(1) Supply chain disruptions causing
Sum of expenditure of 20 members
scarcity.
= 75 × 20
(2) Increased production costs (labour,
= ₹ 1500
fuel, etc.).
After adding 5 new members:
(3) Speculation or price gouging.
Average expenditure of 25 members = ₹ 100
 Conclusion II: Perishable goods are becoming Total members in PG after adding 5 members
very rare commodity. = 20 + 5 = 25
 Possible connection: Rising prices could Sum of expenditure of 25 members
indicate scarcity, but it's not necessarily = 25 × 100
true. = ₹ 2500
 Alternative explanations: High prices Thus, the sum of expenditure of newly joined
could simply reflect temporary members
disruptions, not actual rarity. = 2500 – 1500
 Hence, neither Conclusion I nor II follows. = ₹ 1000
 Hence, Option (4) is correct. Hence, the sum of monthly expenses incurred
140. Correct Answer: Option (2) after newly joined members = ₹ 1000.
 The given statement is about the, promotion Hence, Option (3) is correct.
of product Z by Raman in busiest area of state 142. Correct Answer: Option (1)
A. Given,
 Assumption I: "Busiest area includes at least uv_x_wvu_vw_xw_u
two third of population of state A." In the continuous pattern series, one of the
 This assumption is not necessarily implied methods is to divide the given series into equal
by the statement. parts.
 Raman might prioritize targeting a u v _ x/ _ w v u/ _ v w _ /x w _ u
smaller, highly engaged audience within Logic used:
the busiest area, not necessarily aiming The first four letters are uvwx
for the majority of the state's population. The four letters in first term is placed in reverse
 Assumption II: "Promotion in busy areas will order in second term, again the four letters in 2nd
increase the sales of product Z." term is placed in reverse order in third term and
 This assumption is more implicit in the the process continuous.
statement. u v w x/ x w v u/ u v w x / x w v u
 By wanting to promote in a busy area, Hence, the missing letters are wxuxv.
Raman suggests an expected correlation Hence, Option (1) is correct.
between higher traffic and increased 143. Correct Answer: Option (1)
sales. Given,
2, 3, 5, ?, 13, 21, 34
Logic used:

Third number is the result of Sum of first two
numbers, 4th number is the result of sum of 2nd
and third number
2+3=5
5 + x = 13
X=8
8 + 13 = 21
13 + 21 = 34 Producers:
Hence, the missing term in the given series = 8 = 6 + 3 + 10 + 1 + 12 + 3 + 2 + 6 + 7
Hence, Option (1) is correct. = 50
144. Correct Answer: Option (3) Artists:
Given, = 2 + 4 + 11 + 9 + 12 + 1
Let total votes = 100% = 39
Winning person secured = 68% Both Producers and Artists:
The person who lost the election secured = 2 + 1 + 12
= 100 – 68 = 32% = 15
Difference between the votes secured by winning Hence, people who are either Producers or Artists
person and losing person = 324 = 50 + 39 – 15 = 74
Percentage of difference between the votes Hence, Option (4) is correct.
secured by winning person and losing person 146. Correct Answer: Option (3)
= 68% – 32% = 36% Given,
Thus, votes secured by winning person: Time taken by a boat:
36% = 324 Downstream = 5 hours 40 minutes =
17
hours
3
68% = ? 13
68 Upstream = 6 hours 30 minutes = 2
hours
= 324 × 32
Distance travelled in both directions are same
= 612
Let x = distance
Hence, the votes secured by winning person
Formula used:
= 612.
Distance = Time × Speed
Upstream Speed
145. Correct Answer: Option (4) 𝑥 2𝑥
= 13⁄ = 13 kmph
Given, 2
Downstream speed
𝑥 3𝑥
= 17 = 17 kmph
⁄3
1
Speed of a boat = 2 (Downstream + Upstream)
1 3𝑥 2𝑥
= 2 (17 + 13)
73𝑥
= 13×17×2
1
Speed of current = 2 (Downstream – Upstream)
1 3𝑥 2𝑥
The people who are either Producers or Artists = = 2 (17 − 13)
are: 5𝑥
= 13×17×2
Required ratio
73𝑥 5𝑥
= 13×17×2 : 13×17×2
= 73:5
Hence, the required ratio of speed of boat and
speed of current = 73 : 5

Given,
Total rural population purchasing through online
in all the given years = 21,600
Degree of rural population purchasing through
Number of squares in the above figure
online in 2021 = 72
= 12 + 22 + 32 + 42
Total people purchasing through online in 2021
= 1 + 4 + 9 + 16
72
= 21600 × 360 = 30
= 4320 Step 2:
Males and females purchasing through online in
2021 are equal
4320
= 2
Hence, in rural area females purchasing through
online in 2021 = 2160
Hence, Option (1) is correct. Here, the total squares from points a, b, c, d = 5
148. Correct Answer: Option (1) Hence, number of squares in the given figure
Given, = 30 + 5
Cistern is filled by: Hence, Option (2) is correct.
Pipe P alone = 1 hour 150. Correct Answer: Option (3)
1 3 Given,
Pipe Q alone = 1 hours = hours
2 2
Cistern will be filled if both pipes are opened P%Q⇒P≥Q
50 5 P*Q⇒P<Q
together = 50minutes = 60 = 6 hours
P#Q⇒P>Q
Let, x = Actual time taken by Q P!Q⇒P=Q
Formula used: P€Q⇒P≤Q
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑃 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑄
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃
+ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑄
=1 D ! T # S, T % M* J, H € U ! S
5
𝑥
By decoding the given statement, we get,
6
⇒ 1
+ 3 =1 D = T > S, T ≥ M < J, H ≤ U = S
2
2𝑥 1 ⇒ D = T > S = U ≥ H, D = T ≥ M < J
⇒ 3
=6
1
Conclusion I:
∴x= 4
hours = 15 minutes D#M⇒D>M
Hence, Q turned off after 15 minutes. From the given statement, the relation between D
Hence, Option (1) is correct. & M is ≥.
149. Correct Answer: Option (2) Thus, Conclusion I does not follows.
Given, Conclusion II:
D!M⇒D=M
Thus, statement II does not follows.
Conclusion III:
S*J⇒S<J
By combining first two terms given in the
statement, we get,
S<T≥M<J
Step 1:
Here, the relation between S and J is not exists.
Thus, Conclusion III does not follows.
Hence, either Conclusion I or II follows.

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APPSC Group-II | Screening Test | Test Code - G2WPT-0117

Full Length Mock Test | Key & Explanations

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APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

APPSC | Group-II | Mains Test Series | starts in March 2024 | https://www.civiccentre.in/appsc

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