ye Pei a Pats AS > Chemistry > CHE > Ravsennote > 1 PhysealCeniany > 1.SChemiealBondng > 13.9Hytdaton 1.3.9 Hybridisation @ tes Yousot Covalent Bonding: Orbitals & Hybridisation + Eachatomthat combines hs anatomic orbital containing asngleunpaed corotalconaning wo electrons © Theneworbills ated the molecular orbital “+ The greater he stom etal overlap the stronger thabond «+ Plinpbonds.are tonnes thesidoways overlap of adjacent above and below ihe ‘obonds «Sigma a)bond te fonmectrom te and-enoverapot stomicarbae e-e — @ Taos] MSH] ‘Sigma orbital canbe formed om the ed-on overiap of ecrbitle + Theelettondensyin sabondis symmeticalabou sine ring theme the _zomstommingthebond + Teeletrosiai attraction between heelettonsandenctl bonds the stonsto «+ Plmbondsareformedtromthesidewaye overiapor adocent “+ The wolebes hat make up ther bond le above andbelow theplan of theond + Themaumisesoverlp of hep orale + Aeinglarbonde raw astwo electronelouds one ring trom eachiobe ofthe 1 Physical Chemisty 1iatemie Structure 1.2Atoms, Molecules & Sto 1.Schemica! Bonding 132Bectronegatity Tends 133 Bectonegatvty® Bonding 1.onie Bonding 1.3Sonie Bonding Examples 1.3.6Metalfe Bonding 13,7 Covalent Bonding 1p hybridisation L3MshapesofMoecues 1312Hydrogen Bonding 1.515Polanty& Dipole Moments 1 515ier intamotecuar Forces astatesot Matter 1.SchamlealEnergeties 1.6Blectochemistry 17 egalora 1.eRescton KineticsSoe orbitals can be formed rom the end-on overapofp orbitals Examples of sigma &pibonds = Hydrogen © Thehydogenstemnasenlyane serial © Thesorbtasofetwohycrogenatoms wlloveraptofermaobond ®e0- @ = cl rect overlap ofthe orbitals ofthe hyckogen atoms resltsinthe formation of aa ‘bond ©. Eschaton atom uses three fs fourslectronstoformebonds © Twosbonds ae fomeduihthehyckagenstoms © Thefourelecrntem each carbon atom cccuplesaporbtalwhichovelaps _seways wth nother orotalonthe othercarben atom t format bon oe few ‘Overap of hep orbitals results nthe forming ofan Bondin ethene aa 2.Inorgane Chemisty 3.Organie Chomistry 4. Analysisev Each carbon atom inethene forms two sigmabonds wit hyckogen atoms and oneo bboncwthanotherearoen stom The foutheleetonisuedtoform 9 r bondbetien thetwocarbon atoms = etme © Themasculs.contanea tole Bondtomettomtwombonds at igh alee roeach ter and oneabond «© achcarbon som uses twat foureeetronstofemmerbonde © One obondietormedwiththehycrogen tom © Oneobondisformeswaiththeothercarbonatomn DET Sow ai ose Bono Sa) ae tye hasa ple bond formed from two bondsand oneobond between there ‘irbon atoms + Hyctogencyanige 5 Hyeragen cyanide contin Wiple bond © One obondietormestemeenths Hand stom overlap anspChybrsied orbital withthe Ts Horta © Asecondaonal formed between the Candi som ovedapofansp hyeriiced otal withansporalotN) + Tereminingtwo sts of portitals of ntrogenandearbon wilovaptoform ‘worbonds.t att angiesio eachother (a : ni \ rome) Hycrogoncyanidehas.atplebond formed om te overlap of two sets ofp orbitals ‘ofnitrogenandearben andthe overlap ofan sp hybidised carbon eral and ap ‘orbtalonthonitrogen > Nluogentoo contains tiple bond © Thetiplebondlsfemedtremthe overspafthesp orbitals cneachNto forms ‘bond andthe oveapoftwosetsof porbialsonthenitiogentomstoform © These bonds aratight angles toeachothorORBITAL ORBITAL ‘Tho tplebond is formed fromtworbondsandonecibond Hybristion Inorderfrthem todo his. they rst need tobecomemodited norderogans lovotalenaraetar ‘Theale we therefore ightlychangedinshapetomske one of hep otis, lobes igger ‘Themiingot atomic ofa tom coment bonds scales hybreiation © Muingone savitlwth thee paras i caledap hybuaation (each bia has scharactorand¥apcharacter © Muingone sertlwithwep ert iscaledep? hybridisation © Muingone sarbtalwithene pertaltems ap hybdined ebtls e@- @— @ aR = ae parr ‘one Shara, | [Sen ced eR e@®:- & — P- ET aa BD BETWEEN ‘Tome CRDTAL, OneTAL o> ase fen Pou CARBON now canon. ‘orbitals canbe formed trom theend-onoverspofp orbitals ae ocef\ — a Opes A oP HBROISEDTremiingots orbitals withp orbitals to formmolecuar bonds scaled hybridisation You've read 4 of your 5 freerevision notes Get unlimited access to absolutly everything: © DowicadsbiePOFs —@ UolimtedRevsionNwes @ TopieGuestions @ rosrPapare —@ ModelAnsners @ Videos\Maths andSciance) Join the 80,663 Students that @ Save My Exams. the (exam) results speak for themselves: wouljustiketosaya Ths webste ssooso useful Incr massive thankyou ter and can teverthaayou more putingtogattersucha ‘enaughtorarganiing have Dillan 99ytouee ‘uestonsbytonicihothis, eo webste Irealythinkusing ——Futhermara thenameatthe un thissteholpedme secure ‘waste couldnothvebeen revi mytopgiades nscence ‘move aporeprisie sit tote ‘nmatt,Yourealy i Inara SAVEMY cst Save my exes Thankyou ans! @ Tostyourseit Franstudiedtora@Se iChamiery th Forensic Sclance, and sine gracuatng aught evel Chamierynthe UK or overeat. She studind foran MBAin Sey Leadership, endhacheldanurer af ale dung her tein Eaueation IrehcingHesdot Chemisty Head! Sconce andmost every asanArsetant Headteacher Intro she veeaher passontor education odveimerovement andaueces fr staf andstadents across anumber of subjects in 2tlon to Science supporting ther toachievethaifulpotentialFranhasco-wittenSclencetertbooks, elvered CCPotortaaeners and wonedae a examiner fora numberof UK eamboara4 Resources Mombors Home Login FAQ Support Msnga Subject ot Bam Boar? Talus Company aboutus contactus Prvacy viktinks Biology Cchemty Prysies coop apy EnolehLtortre Paycholoay ©