PRACTICE 1

I. Put the words in the correct form.

1. The heart is an organ (COMPRISE) ___________ of muscle tissue, (CONNECT)
___________ tissue, blood tissue, and (EPITHELIUM) ___________ tissue.
2. Biochemistry is the study of the (CHEMISTRY) ___________ substances and vital
processes (OCCUR) ___________ in (LIVE) ___________ organism.
3. The mouth, stomach and intestines are part of the (DIGEST) ___________ system.
4. Genetics (BE) ___________ the study of (INHERIT)___________ .
5. People (BE) ___________ sometimes against stem cell research.
6. Laboratory studies of stem cells (ABLE) ___________ scientists to learn about the
cells' essential properties.
7. Cell membrane (PROTECTION) ___________ the cell and (HOLD) ___________ it
together.
8. All humans have a (COMPLETELY) ___________ set of genes.
9. A group of organs (LINKING) ___________ to form an organ system.
10. Biochemistry includes the chemical processes (INVOLVE) ___________ in the
(MAINTAIN) ___________ and (REPRODUCE) ___________ of body cells.
II. Match each of the following terms with its definition.
1. Nevus 2. Cellulitis 3. incise, incision
4. diaphoresis 5. Cyst 6. dermabrasion
7. pallor 8. Gangrene 9. abscess
10. lesion 11. Contusion 12. Macule
13. eczema 14. excise, excision 15. Edema
16. infection 17. Jaundice 18. Pustule
19. pruritus 20. bacteria, bacterium 21. Laceration
22. cauterize, cauterization 23. Virus 24. Nodule
25. tinea 26. Abrasion 27. debride, debridement
1-5
A. surgical cut into or wound produced by a sharp instrument
B. a pigmented skin blemish
C. closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
D. bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by redness,
pain, heat and swelling
E. profuse, excessive sweating

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6-10
F. death of tissue due to blood supply loss
G. procedure to remove superficial scars using sandpaper or revolving wire brushes.
H. visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease
I. paleness
J. localized collection of pus
11-15
L. puffy swollen tissue due to accumulation of fluid
M. bruise
N. surgical remove by cutting out
O. flat, coloured spot on the skin
K. non-infectious, inflammatory disease presents as redness, blisters, scabs, and
itching
16-20
P. itching
Q. invasion of pathogens to body tissue
R. single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection
by invading body tissue
S. small elevation of the skin containing fluid
T. yellow colouring of the mucous membranes and sclera
21-27
U. a small node-like structure
V. torn, ragged-edged wound
W. scrape (by injury or mechanical process)
X. to burn tissues by various means with the intent destroy damaged tissues, prevent
infections, or coagulate blood vessels
Y. remove damaged tissues and cell debris from a wound or burn to prevent infection
and promote healing.
Z1. minute microorganism that may cause infection by invading body tissue
Z2. A group of fungal skin diseases, characterized by itching, scaling, and sometimes
painful lesions.

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III. Use the Integumentary System Common Abbreviations to complete the
following sentences.
BCC (basal cell carcinoma) SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)
SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) staph (staphylococcus)
strep (streptococcus) subcut (subcutaneous = under the skin)
ID (intradermal) TD (transdermal)
derm (dermatology) bx (biopsy)
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
1. __________ is the most common type of lupus. SLE is an autoimmune disease in
which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and
tissue damage in the affected organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys,
and blood vessels.
2. Most __________ infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health
care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers.
3. A __________ injection is a method of administering medication. In this type of
injection, a short needle is used to inject a drug into the tissue layer between the skin
and the muscle. Medication given this way is usually absorbed more slowly than if
injected into a vein, sometimes over a period of 24 hours.
4. __________ is a form of cancer that affects the mitotically active stem cells in the
stratum basale of the epidermis. It is the most common of all cancers that occur in the
United States and is frequently found on the head, neck, arms, and back, which are are
as that are most susceptible to long-term sun exposure.
5. __________ is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a speciality with both
medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who
manages diseases related to skin, hair, nails, and some cosmetic problems.
6. __________ is a cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and
presents as lesions commonly found on the scalp, ears, and hands. It is the second most
common skin cancer.
7. Since 2018, the FDA has approved several new and novel contraceptive methods such
as Annovera, a vaginal contraceptive ring that is replaced each year; Twirla, a low-dose
__________ contraceptive patch; and Phexxi, a nonhormonal, on-demand contraceptive
vaginal gel.
8. __________ throat is a bacterial infection that can make your throat feel sore and
scratchy. Strep throat accounts for only a small portion of sore throats. If untreated,
__________ throat can cause complications, such as kidney inflammation or rheumatic
fever. Rheumatic fever can lead to painful and inflamed joints, a specific type of rash, or
heart valve damage. __________ throat is most common in children, but it affects people
of all ages. If you or your child has signs or symptoms of strep throat, see your doctor for
prompt testing and treatment.

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9. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of
__________ bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat
ordinary staph infections.
10. A __________ is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, interventional
radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist. The process involves extraction of sample
cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The
tissue is then fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, stained and mounted before it is
generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist; it may also be analyzed
chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed,
11. __________ injection, often abbreviated __________, is a shallow or superficial
injection of a substance into the dermis, which is located between the epidermis and the
hypodermis.
IV. Complete the following case with the words given.
mole asymmetrical excisional irregular
benign lesion biopsy
NTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM – CONSULTATION REPORT

PATIENT NAME: Rosemary COOMBS

AGE: 54
Sex: Female
DOB: December 2
DATE OF CONSULTATION: May 29
REQUESTING PHYSICIAN: Trevor Sharpe, MD, Family Medicine
CONSULTING PHYSICIAN: Donna Brown, MD, Dermatology

HISTORY: This 54-year-old white female, went to her family doctor a year ago when she
noticed a dark brown spot on her neck. The spot was a six cm, dark brown, flat
(1) ________ with smooth borders that appeared (2) ________. Ms. Coombs recently
went to Dr. Sharpe for a physical and the (3) ________ was examined, it was suggested
that Ms. Coombs see me.

PAST HISTORY: No known history of any skin disorders.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Normal except for the lesion on her chest which has grown
to 1.3 cm in diameter and (4) ________ in shape. It is mainly dark brown, with regions
of darker black. The borders are (5) ________ in outline. There is some blackened
areas that are slightly elevated.

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PLAN: I have booked a follow up appointment for next week to do an (6) ________
biopsy. I will then send the specimen for a (7) ________. Another follow up appointment
will be made once I receive the results of the biopsy.
Donna Brown, MD, Dermatology
V. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate medical terminology.
Xeroderma Transdermal Dermatone Necrosis
Onychophagia Dermatologist Percutaneous Subcutaneous
Dermatoautoplasty Hidradenitis Rhytidectomy Keratogenic
1. _________ refers to the surgical repair of one's own skin.
2. Something that generates the production of epidermal tissues might be called
_________.
3. _________ refers to something in a state of death.
4. _________ is a technical name for finger-biting.
5. _________ means pertaining to through the skin.
6. _________ injection is given under the skin.
7. during the winter months many people complain of _________ and use extra lotion.
8. A patch filled with medication, applied to the skin so that medication goes through the
skin is referred to as a _________ patch.
9. An instrument used to cut the skin for biopsy is referred to as a _________ .
10. A specialist who studies and treats disorders and diseases of the skin is referred to
as a _________ .
11. The medical term that means a sweat gland is inflamed is _________.
12. The medical term to excise wrinkles or commonly referred to as a facelift is
_________.
VI. Choose the best answer.
1. _________ are cells that manufacture and store the protein keratin.
A. Keratinocytes B. Vascularized C. Scar D. Wound
2. _________ is the outer layer of skin, made of closely packed epithelial cells.
A. Adipocytes B. Fascia C. Epidermis D. hypodermis
3. _________ are specialized cells that produce melanin which is a dark pigment
responsible for colouration of skin and hair.
A. Keloid B. Necrosis C. Melanocytes D. Melanin
4. The deepest layer of the epidermis is _________.
A. Fascia B. Stratum Basale C. Dermis D. Hypodermis

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5. _________ is the production of cells that can mobilize and establish tumors in other
organs of the body.
A. Debridement B. Pathogens C. Metastasis D. Burn
6. The __________ is the outer region of the integument, the __________ is the second
region that lies just below the epidermis and the third region is the __________.
A. dermis/ epidermis/ hypodermis B. epidermis/ hypodermis/ dermis
C. epidermis/ dermis/ hypodermis D. hypodermis/ dermis/ epidermis
7. The function of __________ is to give colour to an individual’s skin and to protect it
from the sun while __________ makes the skin tough and waterproof, so it prevents
water __________ entering the body through the skin.
A. keratin/ melanin/ from B. melanin/ keratin/ from
C. keratin/ keratin/ against D. melanin/ melanin/ against
8. __________ fibres give the skin strength, make it flexible and retain water to
moisturize it, __________ fibres allow the skin to stretch and __________ fibres act like
a net to hold connective tissue together.
A. Reticular/ collagen/ elastin B. Elastin/ reticular/ collagen
C. Collagen/ reticular/ elastin D. Collagen/ elastin/ reticular
9. Nails feel a great deal harder than skin __________ they contain large amounts of a
special kind of keratin called hard keratin.
A. because B. although C. nevertheless D. moreover
10. Nails contain a flap of skin at the bottom called a __________, which acts to protect
the nail at its base.
A. lunula B. fingertip C. cuticle D. nail bed
11. At the bottom of each nail, under the skin, is the __________ where layers of
keratin are formed and pushed out towards the __________.
A. finger nail / nail root B. nail root/ fingertips
C. fingertip/ lunula D. nail plate / nail root
12. The integumentary system refers to the skin and its __________ structures. In the
adult human body, the skin __________ about 16 percent of body weight and covers an
area of 1.5 to 2 m2.
A. excessive/ makes in B. accessorize / makes in
C. appendages / makes D. accessory/ makes up
VII. Find the mistake.
1. The hairs in the nose filter the air as it is breathed in and traps bacteria and viruses
before they enter the lungs.
2. The integument is the outer covering of the body, which holds all of the parts of the
body inside and prevent unwanted things from entering the body from outside.
3. The purpose of the adipose tissue is to protect the organs and to provide insulation
to stop the body by getting cold.

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4. In fact, the skin and accessory structures are the largest organ system in the human
body. The skin protects your inner organs and it is in need of daily care and protective
to maintain its health.
5. The epidermis is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. It is made
of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. It is
vascular.
6. Thin skin has four layers of cells. From deep to superficial, these layers are the
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. Most of
the skin can be justified as thin skin.
7. Thick skin found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. It has a fifth
layer, called the stratum lucidum, located between the stratum corneum and the stratum
granulosum.
8. The cells in all of the layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes. Keratin
is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-
resistance properties.
9. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dying and regularly slough away,
being replaced by cells from the deeper layers.
10. The dermis contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as
hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers (papillary layer and
reticular layer) of connective tissue that compose an interconnected mesh of elastin and
collagenous fibers, producing by fibroblasts.
VII. Complete the following passages with the most appropriate word.
Passage 1:
Skin
by of for from beneath up to
The skin is the largest organ (1) _____________ the body. In humans, it accounts (2)
_____________ about 12 to 15 percent (3) _____________ total body weight and covers
1.5-2m2 (4) _____________ surface area.
The human skin (integument) is composed (5) _____________ at least two major layers
(6) _____________ tissue: the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost
layer, providing the initial barrier to the external environment. It is separated (7)
_____________ the dermis (8) _____________ the basement membrane. The epidermis
contains melanocytes and gives color (9) _____________ the skin. The deepest layer
(10) _____________ epidermis also contains nerve endings. (11) _____________ this,
the dermis comprises two sections, the papillary and reticular layers, and contains
connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and
muscular tissue. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, is primarily made (12)
_____________ of adipose tissue.
Passage 2:
Hair

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Our hair does more than help us look nice. The hair (13) _____________ your head
helps keep heat (14) _____________ your body. Your eyelashes and eyebrows help
protect your eyes (15) _____________ dirt and water.
Your hair is made (16) _____________ a protein called keratin. Your hair consists (17)
_____________ three parts: the shaft, follicle and bulb.
• Hair shaft: The part (18) _____________ your hair you can see, touch and style.
• Hair follicle: The tube-like structure that keeps your hair
(19) _____________ your skin.
• Hair bulb: Located (20) _____________ your skin and responsible
(21) _____________ hair growth.
Goosebumps are caused (22) _____________ your integumentary system. We all have
hair erector muscles connected (23) _____________ our hair follicles and skin. When it
contracts, it makes your hair stand (24) _____________. The “goosebumps” are what
we see when these tiny muscles contract.
Passage 3:
Glands
Glands are found throughout your skin. They release materials
(25) _____________ water, salt or oil (26) _____________ under your skin
(27) _____________ the surface (28) _____________ your skin. Your integumentary
system consists (29) _____________ the following glands:
Sudoriferous glands: These are the glands that secrete sweat (30) _____________ your
skin. There are two types (31) _____________ sweat glands: eccrine glands and
apocrine glands. Eccrine glands are all (32) _____________ your body and open to your
pores, while apocrine glands open (33) _____________ your hair follicles.
Sebaceous glands: These glands produce sebum (oil) and give your face its oil.
Ceruminous glands: These are the glands (34) _____________ your ear that secrete ear
wax.
Mammary glands: These are the glands (35) _____________ a person’s chest. (36)
_____________ people assigned female (37) _____________ birth (AFAB), mammary
glands produce milk (38) _____________ giving birth.
IX. Translation
Function of the integumentary system
Your integumentary system protects your body from infection and injuries you could get
from your external environment. It’s your body’s coat of armor and the first line of defense
against viruses, bacteria and other microbes. It shields your body from harmful light and
helps regulate your body temperature. Your integumentary system stores fat, water,
glucose and vitamin D, and helps support your immune system to protect you from
diseases.
Your integumentary system has many important functions. It:
• Provides physical protection against bacteria and germs.

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• Absorbs and helps heal abrasions, cuts and other injuries.
• Cushions and protects your body from infection.
• Protects you from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays and sunburn.
• Excretes sebum, sweat and other waste from your body.
• Regulates your body temperature and allows you to stay cool.
• Helps you feel heat, cold and detect other sensations.
• Synthesizes vitamin D.