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S
(1137 mc t) Saale Ice Age, Saalian Ice Age saddle sag sagebrush desert Sahelian zone sai Sakmarian saline saline alkali low-land tropical pure melaleuca forest saline intrusion saline soil saline wetlands salinity salinization salmar salt core salt crust salt desert salt dome salt efflorescence salt fingers salt lakes salt marsh salt plug salt stock salt tectonics salt water salt weathering saltation saltatory saltwater intrusion salty soils Samarovo Ice Age sample sample estimate sampling sampling error sand k bng h Saale o, o yn nga, mch qung dng yn nga 1) vng trng, min vng; 3) s tri do gi hoang mc cy x thm i chuyn tip ra sa mc Bc Phi khe rnh xi mn trong sa mc bc, k Sakmar (u Permi) (tnh t) c cha mui, mn; (danh t) 1) h nc mn; ngun nc mn; 2) mui; dung dch mui rng Trm thun nhit i trn t kim mn 1) s xm nhp mn; 2) li mn t mn vng t ngp nc mn mui mn ha mui m ct mui (trong nhn vm mui m) lp v mui hoang mc st mn, solonsc vm mui n hoa mui (s to b mt mui trong sa mc) di mn x tua h nc mn bi ly mn nm mn ct mui (trong nhn vm mui m), n salt core kin to mui m, n halokinesis nc mn phong ha do mui (do kt tinh mui) chuyn vn cc nhy (cc ht trm tch) bin i nhanh, nhy vt 1) s xm nhp nc mn; 2) nm nc mn t mn ha k bng h Samarovo mu c lng mu ly mu, chn mu sai s ly mu ct; t ct

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166 sand bank sand desert sand devil sand dune sand dune stabilization sand grains sand mining sand mounds sand ridges sand storm sand whirl sandbar sandblast sandblasted pebble sandstone sandr sand-wedge polygons sandy clay sandy particles Sangamon Interglacial sanguinite sanidine sanitation santilite Santonian sapphire sapping saprogenic saprolite sapropel sapropel rocks sapropeliths saprophagous animals saprophyte Sarmatian Sartan Ice Age satellite geodesy satellite image satellite meteorology satellite oceanology satellite sounding satellite town satellites saturated adiabat doi ct sa mc, hoang mc ct gi xoy ct, nwhirl cn ct, n ct c nh cn ct ht ct khai thc ct n ct (ti khm cy cht) g ct, sng ct bo ct gi xoy ct, n sand devil doi ct, n sand reef dng ct (do gi cun), gi ct cui si ngun gc ph hy ct ct kt ng bng bng thy, n sandur a gic nm ct st cha ct ht ct gian bng Sangamon qung ng sanguinit sanidin (thuc nhm fenpat kali) ci thin iu kin v sinh tuf silic, n geyserite, fiorite, silicous sinter bc, k Santon (Creta thng mun) saphir, n sappare ( qu gc corindon) khot mn chn vch, xi l chn b sng v vch bin; n cliff erosion, underminning. (thuc) sinh vt hoi sinh saprolit, n sathrolith bn thi, sapropel than bn thi than bn thi ng vt n xc thi thc vt hoi sinh (thc vt n cht hu c thi) bc, k Sarmat (Miocen gia ng u) k bng h Sartan trc a v tinh nh v tinh kh tng hc v tinh hi dng hc v tinh quan trc v tinh, thm d v tinh thnh ph v tinh v tinh ng on nhit bo ha

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167 saturated air saturated mixing ratio lines saturated zone overland flow, saturation overland flow saturation deficit saturation saturation-excess overland flow Saturn savanna savanna forest savanna zones savannah savannah thorn land saxicolous plants scale scale economies scale error scale of a map scale of earthquake intensities scale of seismic intensities scarp scarp retreat scarp slope scatter diagram scattered radiation scattering scavenger scavenging scheelite schematic map scherm coast schist schist-forming process schistose structure schistosity schlieren Schmidt hypothesis schungito schuppen structure scientific data scientific method scientific model khng kh bo ha th t sut xo trn bo ha dng chy cn bo ha ht bo ha s bo ha dng chy cn d bo ha Sao Th trng c, savan rng savan cc i savan trng c, savan t savan cy bi gai thc vt a , sng trong thang, thc t l; quy m; kch thc gim chi ph sn xut sai s chiu di trong php chiu hnh bn , n linear distortion, linear change t l bn thang cng ng t thang cng a chn vch ng, sn dc git li sn dc sn dc dng vch biu tn mt, biu tn x tn bc x s tn mt, s tn x, s phn tn ngi thu gom rc s thu gom rc kv scheelit, seelit bn chuyn b khc khuu gc cnh phin qu trnh to phin cu trc phin tnh phn phin, phn phin th d li, slia gi thit Schmidth sungit cu trc dng vy, cu trc lp ngi, n imbricate structure d liu khoa hc phng php khoa hc m hnh khoa hc

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168 sciophytes Scirocco scoria scour scouring scratched boulders scree scroll scroll dunes scrub scud sculptured relief scum Scythian sea cy a bng dm gi Siroco x ni la s ra xi s ra xi tng kha rnh dm, mnh sc cnh g li lim ( bn bi ca dng sng) n ct g li lim bi cy, cy bi my v chm tr - hnh thi vng, bt thng, th Scythi (u Trias chu u) bin ~ breeze gi bin ~ cliff vch b bin ~ climate kh hu bin ~ coast b bin ~ currents dng chy bin, hi lu ~ encircled with islands bin ni o ~ floor y bin, y i dng ~ fog sng m bin ~ gate ca bin ~ level mc nc bin ~ mills ci xay bin ~ mounts ni ngm di bin, ni ngm; n seamount ~ shore colony of birds qun x chim vng b bin ~ snow t m vi sinh bin, n plankton snow, marine snow ~ terrace thm bin ~ wall bin ~ water colour mu nc bin ~-floor spreading tch dn y i dng ~-floor trench vc y bin, mng bin su rough bin ng slight bin sng nh storm bin sng bo surging bin ng mnh, bin bo transgressive bin tin sng ui tu bi bin chim bin, hi u ch chim bn bin sng m bin s bin thin mc nc bin

sea stern seabeach seabird seabird city sea-charts sea-fog sea-level change

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169 seam seamount seaquake seasonal aspects seasonal lake seasonal snow-line seasonality seasonally frozen ground seasons sebkha Second World secondary (sewage) treatment secondary air mass secondary air pollutant secondary arc secondary divide secondary energy secondary forest secondary growth secondary minerals secondary production secondary relief secondary sewage treatment secondary sources secondary succession secondary value secondary vegetation secretion sector model sector principle sector theory sectoral balance secular section secular variations of climate secular variations of sealevel sedentary sediment sediment budget sediment control sediment discharge sediment load sediment trap sediment yield va, lp; mch mng; mch phn va ni ngm di bin, ni ngm; n sea-mounts ng t di bin i mu theo ma (ca cy hay thm thc) h tm thi (c nc theo ma) ng tuyt theo ma bin thin theo ma, tnh ma t ng bng theo ma ma; thi k n ct nh sau bi cy Th gii th hai x l th cp (x l nc thi) khi khng kh th cp cht nhim khng kh th cp cung ni th cp ng phn thy ph lu nng lng th cp rng th sinh, rng cp hai s tng trng th cp khong vt th sinh sn phm th cp a hnh th sinh x l nc thi th sinh cc ngun th cp din th th sinh gi tr th yu thc vt th sinh s phn tit m hnh khu vc, m hnh tng on nguyn l khu vc l thuyt khu vc cn bng khu vc lt ct (mt ct) trng k bin thin di hn ca kh hu bin thin di hn ca mc nc bin dng ngi yn, khng di chuyn trm tch; vt trm tch; tng trm tch cn; cn cn trm tch kim sot trm tch lu lng trm tch ti trng trm tch, lng trm tch by trm tch lng trm tch

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170 sedimentary basin sedimentary bedforms sedimentary complex sedimentary cover sedimentary cycle sedimentary deposits sedimentary fields sedimentary layer of the Earths crust sedimentary rhythm sedimentary rock sedimentation sedimentation of reservoir sedimentation tank sedimentogenesis sedimentological tracer sedimentology sediments sediments balance seed bank seed plants seed-tree cutting seepage segmented economy segmented labour segregated ice segregation seiche current seiches seif seismic seismic focus seismic region seismic waves seismic zone seismic zoning seismicity seismology seismotectonics selective culting selective erosion selective harvesting selective logging selective migration bn trm tch dng y trm tch phc h trm tch v trm tch chu trnh trm tch tch t trm tch; m trm tch trng trm tch; m trm tch lp trm tch ca v Tri t nhp trm tch, chu trnh trm tch trm tch s lng ng, (s) trm tch, qu trnh trm tch s lng ng trm tch trong h cha b cha trm tch s pht sinh trm tch du vt trm tch trm tch hc trm tch cn bng trm tch ngn hng ht ging thc vt c ht, n spermatophyte cht gieo ging cht lng r ra, lng r ra; vt l kinh t ngnh; kinh t khu vc lao ng khu vc bng phn s phn , s phn dng chy do dao ng mc nc dao ng mc nc; dao ng lc ca mc nc n ct cong di (c nh sc nt dng li kim) n sif, saif, sword dune thuc v a chn chn tiu (ni chn tm) vng a chn sng a chn i a chn s phn i a chn a chn, ng t a chn hc kin to a chn s sng bi c tnh chn lc s xi mn chn lc thu hoch chn lc, khai thc chn lc cht chn, n chn lc s di c chn lc

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171 selective weathering selenite self-purification self-regulation selva semiarid semiarid climate semibasic rocks semi-desertis semidiurnal tide semi-evergreen forest semihumid climate semiotics Senonian sensible heat sensible temperature sensitivity separatism septaria septic tank serac seral stage sere scree apron sericite sericitic sandstone sericitisation series series of strata serir serozem serpentine serpentine rock serpentinisation serpentinite service centre service industry setting settlement settlement hierarchy settlement pattern settler s phong ha chn lc kv selenit s lm sch chn lc, s lm tinh khit chn lc s t iu chnh rng selva, rng ma nhit i na kh hn kh hu na kh hn na baz c tnh bn hoang mc thy triu bn nht, bn nht triu rng bn thng xanh kh hu m t na cm bc, k Senon (thuc Creta) nhit lng hu ch, nhit lng nhy cm nhit hu ch nhy, nhy cm thuyt phn bit, phng php phn bit kt hch siderit hoc st carbonat nt n, septarium, n septarian boulder, septarian nodule h t hoi, b t hoi ct bng, thp bng ( on sng bng tan) giai an din th chui din th, lot din th, dy din th nn ln, l, n rock talus, talus cone, talus accumulation sericit ct kt sericit sericit ha dy, chui; seri; thng (thi a tng); lot ( magma, n igneous-rock ~) h thng va ng bng hoang mc -si ( Libia) t xm serpentin; c dng da rn, ngon ngho serpentinit, n serpentinite serpentin ha serpentinit, n serpentine rock trung tm dch v kinh t dch v sp t, b tr; chn v tr, lng ng; st vng, n outcrop curvature; ln (tinh t) s qun c; s kt ta; s st ln, s ln xung th bc qun c (ca cc im qun c dn) mu hnh qun c b lng

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172 settling settling basin severe local storm sewage sewage gas sewage overflow sewage sludge sewage treatment sewage water sewerage sewerage backlog shade enduring plants shade-requiring plants shadow weathering shadow zone shaft shake shale shale oil shallow shallow water shallow karst shallow-water deposits shaly structure shape shape change shape distortion shape index shatter belt shear shear cleavage shear wind shear plane shear strength shear-fault shear-fold shearing shear zone sheet erosion sheet eruption sheet flow sheet flow (flood) sheet lightning sheet of rain-cloud s st vng, s ln; s h thp; s lng ng, cht lng b lng bo mnh khu vc nc thi; cht bn kh nc thi s trn nc thi bn nc thi; cn nc thi x l nc thi nc thi h thng cng rnh s n tc cng rnh thot nc thc vt chu bng rm thc vt i hi bng rm phong ho ra nng-rm i bng rm (khng phn x sng a chn), n blind zone; i khut gi, n wind shadow hm, ging (m); hang ng (karst) s dao ng; s lc; s rung; dao ng; lc; rung phin st; oil phin du du phin (du t phin cha du) nng, bi nng, ch nc cn nc nng karst nng trm tch nc nng cu to phn phin, cu trc phn phin dng, hnh dng; khun, mu (ng t) lm cho c dng s thay i hnh dng s mo dng ch s hnh dng ai v vn, i v vn s dch chuyn, s trt ct, s t; th ch ttrt, th ch ct s t gi mt trt ct , n shear surface cng trt ct, sc trt ct t gy trt bng np un ct, np un trt, n slip fold, glide fold s dch chuyn, s trt, s t; wind s t gi i trt ct xi mn theo lp, ra tri b mt phun tro lp (to b mt dung nham) dng chy trn dng chy (l) mt (kh tng) s chp sng lin tc lp my gy ma

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173 sheet vein sheet wash sheeting shelf shelf ice shelf sea shell shell limestone shelter belt shelterwood cutting shield shield cone shield dunes shield volcano shift and share analysis shifting cultivation shifting sands shifting snow shingle beds shingles ship waves shoal shoalbank shore shore deposits shore ice shore lead shore of river shore platform shore slope shoreface terrace shoreline short wave short wave outgoing radiation short-day plant shortfold short-grass alpine meadow short-grass prairie short-range forecast short-wave radiation shoulder of trough shoulder of trough valley shove moraine shrinkage crack mch dng va s ra la b mt s phn lp, tnh xp lp 1) mng, gc; va 2) thm lc a; 3) bi nng bng thm lc a bin thm lc a v, bao; v s c vi v s c di rng phng h cht m tn khin; lp ph; tm chn ni la hnh khin, n shield volcano n hnh khin ni la hnh khin phn tch b phn v tng th du canh ct di chuyn tuyt di chuyn bi cui si cui, si , n rubbles, pebbles sng do tu, sng sau tu bi nng, ch cn; bi ct ngm, n shallow soi ct ven b b, b bin; lee b khut gi; trm tch b bng b di nc gia bng v b b sng, n river bank thm mi mn sn b; sn b dc nn tch t ven b ng b sng ngn s pht x sng ngn cy ngn ngy np un on ng c thn thp ni cao ng c thn thp ( tho nguyn Bc M) d bo ngn hn pht x sng ngn vai lng; sn trng sn thung lng trng bng tch x y khe nt co rt

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174 shrinkage of distance shrub shrub layer shrub mound shrubbery Sial Sial zone of the Earth siallitisation Sicilian transgression side of fault sidereal day sidereal month sidereal time sidereal year siderite siderolite Siegenian sierosem-like meadow soils sierosems sigmoidal dunes sigmoidal fold silcrete silicates siliceous rocks siliceous shale siliceous sinter silicification silicifying sill silt silt delta silt load silting siltstone Silurian silvicultural reclaimation silviculture Sima simoom simple fold single fault single fold Sinian sink sink estate gian cch co rt cy bi lp cy bi i nh cy bi cy bi quyn Sial i Sial ca Tri t s sialit ha Bin tin Sicil cnh t gy ngy thin vn thng thin vn thi gian thin vn nm thin vn siderit siderolit, thin thch cha st, n stony iron meteorite bc, k Siegen (u Devon) t xm ng c t t xm cn ct hnh S np un hnh S cui kt xi mng silic silicat silic phin silic tup silic s silic ha, s thm silic s thm silic va xm nhp, th va; tr ca va than 1) bn; ph sa, bi tch; 2) mn khoan chu th ph sa lng bi tch, lng bn s tch ng bn bt kt () h, k Silur ci to rng ngnh trng rng quyn Sima gi simum (gi kh nng sa mc Rp) np un n gin t gy n np un n Sini (phn v a tng Proterozoi Trung Quc) ch st, vng trng, m ly vng t st

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175 sink hole sink-hole lakes sinking sinter sinuosity sinuosity ratio sinuous bedding siphon siphon springs sirocco site site planning situation skarn skeletal soils skerries sketch sketch map skewed distribution skiophytes sky sky colour sky conditions sky radiation slack tide slack water slacks slag slaking slash and burn slash-and-burn agriculture slash-and-burn cultivation slate slatestone slaty cleavage sleet slickenside slide slide cast slide fault slide mark sliding strain sliks phu karst, n doline, swallow hole h karst s ln, s st ln, n subsidence () tuf vi ch cong; s un khc; of river sng un khc; s un khc ca dng sng t s un khc s phn va un cong, th nm un cong siphon mch nc dng sifon gi siroco (gi nng nam chu u) v tr, a im quy hoch im; quy hoch xy dng a im tnh hnh, tnh hung; trng thi skarn (bin cht trao i tip xc); skarn t ct, t xng (phn ang phong ho, nm trn gc, cn gi nguyn dng cu trc gc); n lithosol khi ngm bn v phc, s , lc bn phc ha phn b lch thc vt a bng rm 1) bu tri; 2) kh hu, thi tit mu bu tri iu kin thi tit pht x bu tri thy triu yu nc ng vn than, bi than x; vy st s lm tt; gii kht t nng lm ry nng nghip t nng lm ry, n slash-and-burn cultivation nng nghip t nng lm ry, n slash-and-burn agriculture phin; lp, ngi phin th ch (s tch ch; khi nt) c phin ma c tuyt mt trt, gng trt, mt ph hu s trt, s l; t gy trt; phim dng bn vt hn trt t gy trt vt trt, du vt trt bin dng trt nhng im hoc di nc phng nh gng trn b mt i

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176 dng hoc h ang gn sng mn, mn khoan; bn nghing trt, nghing dch chuyn sn dc; mi dc; dc; cnh (np un); continental sn lc a; hydrolic dc thy lc i lu dc trm tch sn yu t sn; yu t dc bng h sn dc sn tch t gc dc t nhin qu trnh sn s thay th sn ra tri b mt, n sheet wash, sheet erosion gi sn ni vng ly, bi ly cht nhim phn hy chm bn cng rnh, bn qunh y; bn cn thi cng nghip phin bng (trn mt bin) trt t, n landslide, landslip; chuyn ng trt, sp va bn st np un o trt vch st mng xi; n balka qu h tr nh ma ht nh (di 5mm) vi a hnh ; n microrelief, minor surface landforms bn t l nh rng cy l nh smaltin, smaltit, speiscoban, coban trng; n smaltite. speisscobalt, white cobalt ngc lc bo; n emerald smitsonit; n zinc spar khi m (vng cng nghip) khi c dng un khc (sng, sui) tuyt ~ avalanche l tuyt, n ~slide ~ cornice mi tuyt ~ cover lp ph tuyt ~ crystals tinh th tuyt ~ fall trn tuyt ri ~ grain ht tuyt ~ gauge dng c o tuyt ri ~ line ng tuyt

slime slip-off slope slope slope convection slope deposits slope elements slope glacier slope of accumulation slope of repose slope processes slope replacement slope wash slope winds slough slowly degradable pollutant sludge sludge cake slump slump basin slump overfold slump scarp small flat-bottom valley small grants fund small hail small scale landforms small scale maps small-leaved forest smaltine smaragd smithsonite smog smoke snails snaking stream snow

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177 ~ melt nc tuyt tan, n ~ water ~-patch erosion n mn tuyt ~ slide s trt l tuyt ~ squall bo tuyt bt ng ~ storm bo tuyt st nhn, bentonit; n bentonite talc dng khi; steatit; n steatite (thuc) x hi, co tinh cht xa hi ~ cost chi ph x hi ~ Darwinism ch ngha Darwin x hi ~ forestry lm nghip x hi ~ geography a l x hi ~ impact assessment nh gi tc ng x hi ~ indicator ch th x hi ~ justice cng bng x hi ~ planning quy hoch x hi ~ rank th bc x hi ~ science khoa hc x hi ~ services dch v x hi ~ value gi tr x hi ~ welfare phc li x hi x hi hc bi cnh x hi; lnh vc x hi ng bng cu trc tng r c t rng c tng r c t ptzol c tng r c felsspat natri albit, n albite, soda fieldspar, karst ph c tng t r c t gly c tng r c plagioclas, n plagioclase ma ht nh (1-15mm) bng ng trn cnh cy (do thng hoa hi nc) nc mm g mm (cy l kim) rng l kim, n coniferous forest, needle forest th nhng, t chua ha t thng kh t t hp t khu h sinh vt t ha hc t phn loi t kh hu t c kt t

soap clay soap earth social

sociology sociosphere socle plain sod sod forest soils sod podzolic soils soda fieldspar sodaclase soddy karst sod-gley soils sodium-calcium feldspars soft hail soft rime soft water softwood softwood forest soil soil acidification soil aeration soil association soil biota soil chemistry soil classification soil climate soil cohesion

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178 soil colloids soil combination soil complex soil conservation soil conservation measures soil covered karst soil creep soil degradation soil drainage soil erosion soil fauna soil fertility soil formation soil frost soil geography soil horizon soil improvement soil maps soil mechanics soil melioration soil moisture soil morphology soil mosaic soil organism soil permeability soil porosity soil profile soil science soil series soil structure soil texture soil type soil water soil-structure decline solar capital solar climate solar constant solar day solar eclipse solar energy solar radiation solar spectrum solar system solar tide solar time keo t t hp t; kt hp t phc h t bo tn t cc bin php bo tn t karst ph trt t mt (s trt chm chp ca lp th nhng) thoi ha t thot nc th nhng xi mn t h ng vt th nhng ph t pht sinh t, thnh to t bng gi t ban m (do bc x hu hiu) a l th nhng tng t bi b t bn t c hc t ci to t m t hnh thi hc t th khm t sinh vt t thm ca t hng ca t phu din t khoa hc t lot th nhng (cp phn loi t thp nht) cu tng t kin trc t kiu t nc th nhng suy thoi cu trc t vn Mt Tri kh hu Mt Tri hng s Mt Tri ngy theo gi Mt Tri nht thc nng lng Mt Tri bc x Mt Tri quang ph Mt Tri H Mt Tri nht triu gi Mt Tri, thi gian theo gi Mt Tri

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179 solarimeter solfatares solid rock solid waste solid-waste management solifluction solonchak solonetz solstice solum solution solution basins solution lakes solution mining Solutrean sonic frequency sors sorted bedding sorted sediments sorting sound sound channel sound scattering layer sound wave source source maps South South African floristic kingdom South African low South Atlantic high South East trade wind South Paciffic Regional Environmental Programme South pole southern oceanic circle South-Indian high South Pacific high spa space space biology space geology space survey sparry iron spatial nht x k solfatar, kh phun lu hunh gc, rn cht thi rn qun l cht thi rn t chy solonsc, t mui t mn (vng bn sa mc, t solonetz ) ch im (ca Mt Tri) tng t thc th (ch tnh 2 tng A v B) dung dch, s ha tan bn ha tan (trn b mt granit, gneis), n oricangas h karst, n karst ponds, karst lakes, sink-hole lakes s khai thc bng ha tan thi k Solutr (18 000-20 000 nm trc) tn s m thanh solonsc c lp mui ph phn lp chn lc trm tch chn lc (phn ha theo ht) chn lc eo bin, n channel, sea gate, strait knh m thanh (i dng) lp nc phn tn m thanh (i dng) sng m, n acoustic ~ ngun, ngun sng sui, ngun nc t liu bn Nam, phng nam gii thc vt Nam Phi, khu h thc vt Nam Phi p thp Nam Phi p cao Nam i Ty Dng gi mu dch ng nam Chng trnh Mi trng khu vc Nam Thi Bnh Dng Nam cc vng i dng nam p cao n Dng p cao Nam Thi Bnh Dng ngun nc tr bnh khng gian, khong khng sinh hc v tr a cht v tr, a cht cc thin th, n astrogeology o c t v tr siderit, n siderite khng gian

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180 spatial analysis spatial distribution spatial interaction spatial science special maps special-purpose map special-use corridors special-use forest species species diversity species richness specific discharge specific humidity specular-iron specularite speleology speleothem spessartine spessartite sphagnum bog sphalerite sphen sphere of influence spheroidal jointing spheroidal parting spheroidal structure spheroidal weathering spilite spilitic texture spill spillway spinels spit spodumene spoil spoil heap Sponges spongiolites spontaneous settlement spore spores and pollen analysis spot height spouting spring spout phn tch khng gian phn b khng gian tng tc khng gian khoa hc v khng gian bn chuyn bn chuyn dng hnh lang s dng c bit rng c dng loi a dng loi phong ph loi moun dng chy m ring (ca khng kh) qung st nh, specularit, n specularite specularit, qung st nh, n specular-iron hang ng hc t khong hang ng, thnh to hang ng, n cave formation spesartin, spesartit (thuc nhm granat) n spessartite spesartit, spesartin, n spessartine (mt loi lamprophyr) m ly ru nc sphalerit, galen gi, qung ch gi, n zinc blende, jack, black jack, steeel-jack, fals galena, mock ore, mock lead, pseudogalena sphen, titanit, grothit, n titanite, grothite phm vi nh hng khe nt dng cu, n spheroidal parting khe nt dng cu n spheroidal jointing cu trc dng cu phong ha ng tm, phong ha bc v spilit kin trc spilit nc trn (qua chng ngi vt) ng trn (qua chng ngi vt) spinel doi ct, n sand bank; mi t hnh tn, n arrow spodumen, triphan (thuc nhm clinopyroxen ), n triphane thi (trong qu trnh khai thc) ng thi, n waste pile Bt bin, Porifera, n Poriferan spongiolit, gai bt bin, cng vit: spongiolith qun c ngu nhin bo t phn tch bo t phn hoa cao im (trn bn ) ging phun nc nng, n geyser vi rng (ct nc, ct kh xoy)

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181 spread spread effect spreading of ocean floor spring spring fen spring flood spring line spring moor spring tide spruce forest squall squall line squall wind stability of landscape stabilization stabilized dunes stable channel stacks stadial moraine stage stages of evolution of relief stages of growth stagnant water stagnation period stakeholder stalactites stalagmites stalagnates standard atmosphere standard atmospheric pressure standard depth standard deviation standard error standard meridian standard of living standard sea water standard time standing crop standing oscillation standing waves stannine stannite stannolite pht tn hiu ng pht tn tch dn y i dng ngun nc, mch nc; ma xun bi ly mch nc, n spring moor l xun, n flood cause by cnowmelt, freshet tuyn mch nc bi ly mch nc, n spring fen triu trong k sc vng, n syzygy tide rng thng gi git (km ma ging) tuyn gi git, front tuyn gi git gi git tnh n nh ca cnh quan s n nh cn ct n nh lng dn n nh ngn st (dc b bin mi mn), n chimney rocks, pulpit rocks bng tch giai on ni bng h giai an cc giai an tin ha a hnh cc giai an tng trng nc t giai on ngng hon lu, thi k ng (thy vn) ngi lin quan, nhm lin quan, t chc lin quan chung mng ct , tr kh quyn tiu chun kh p tiu chun su chun lch chun sai s chun kinh tuyn gc ( tnh gi), n prime meridian mc sng chun nc bin chun gi tnh theo mi sinh khi, n biomass s dao ng ng, sng ng, n standing waves s dao ng ng, sng ng, n standing oscillation stannin, cassiterit c tp cht stannit, pyrit thic, qung kim loi ng thic cassiterit, n cassiterite, tinstone, tin ore, tin spar

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182 star star charts star cluster star dune star maps star sky state reserve stationary anticyclone stationary cyclone stationary front stationary population statistic statistics steady rain steep coast Stegocephals Stegosaurs stenohalinity stenophagous animals stenothermobionts stenotopic organisms step step fault step relief step structure of relief stepfold step-like slope steppe steppe vegetation stereographic projection steric variations of sea level stewardship still water stillstand stochastic stochastic process stock stockwork Stone Age stone circles stone fall stone garlands stone lace sao; nh sao, qu c nh sao; kiu mi ct to nh sao, n star cut bn sao, n star maps chm sao cn ct chn hnh sao bn sao, n star charts bu tri sao (chia ra 88 chm sao c tn ring) khu bo tn quc gia xoy nghch c v tr c nh xoy thun c v tr c nh front c nh c dn c nh, c sinh c nh thng k mn thng k ma ro dai dng b su, b bin mi mn Kin u, Stegocephal (Lng c c c hp s cng Paleozoi) Stegosaur (Khng long c phin lng Creta) hp mn ng vt kn n sinh vt hp nhit sinh vt hp sinh cnh bc t gy dng bc a hnh dng bc tnh phn bc ca a hnh, n layering of relief, stratification of relief np on, n flexure, knee fold, monocline fold, monoclinal fold sn dng bc tho nguyn thc vt ng c php chiu lp th dao ng steric mc nc bin (do bin i mn, nhit ) v th qun l nc lng (u thuyn), n quiet reach s n nh, s ng yn (ca mt vng t so vi mc nc bin) ngu nhin qu trnh ngu nhin, n random process th cn, bu mng mch, t khong dng mng, n network deposit, stringer lode thi k vng , n stone rings l, ln, n rock fall vng , xuyn ; trng hoa mng gn (phong ha chn lc trong ct kt), n stone lattice

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183 stone lattice stone meteorite stone pavement stone polygons stone rings stone stream stone stripes stone-fields stone-run stony desert stony soils storage reservoir storage work storm storm beach storm flow storm overflow storm runoff storm surge storm water run off storm wave straight slope strait strand strand vegetation strandflat strata mng gn , n stone lace thin thch, n aerolite s ri tng (vng ngoi vi bng h v hoang mc) a gic (vng ng kt theo ma hoc vnh cu ) vng , stone circles sng , n block stream di vn (vng cc), n block stripes, soil stripes, striped ground bin , trng , n block fields, rock fields l bn , n mud flow, mud stream hoang mc , n hammada, desertic rock plain t ln , t xng xu h cha nc, n reservoir, storage work h cha nc, n storage reservoir bo bi bin sng bo, n storm terrace dng trc tip, n direct runoff lt do bo dng trc tip, n storm flow nc dng bo, n storm wave dng trc tip, n storm runoff nc dng bo, n storm surge sn thng eo bin, n channel, sound, sea gate bi bin, n beach, plage thm thc vt ven b thm mi mn, n wave-cut terrace, abrasion terrace tng, va, a tng water-bearing ~ tng cha nc overlying ~ tng ph thm y tn d, n strath valley thm y tn d, n strath s phn lp, s phn tng s phn tng kh quyn s phn tng nc phn lp, phn tng dung nham phn tng ni la phn tng t khong dng va phn loi a tng quy phm a tng ct a tng i snh a tng danh php a tng thut ng a tng

strath strath valley stratification stratification of atmosphere stratification of water stratified stratified lava volcano stratified volcano stratiform deposits stratigraphic classification stratigraphic code stratigraphic column stratigraphic correlation stratigraphic nomenclature stratigraphic terminology

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184 stratigraphic trap stratigraphic unit stratigraphical boundary stratigraphical discordance stratigraphical hiatus stratigraphical lacuna stratigraphical section stratigraphical unconformity stratigraphical zone stratigraphy stratocumulus stratoisohypses stratopause stratosphere stratovolcano stratum, sn. strata stratus stream stream bifurcation stream channel stream erosion stream gradient stream line stream order stream profile stream system stream-flow regime streamflow regulation stream-gauging network stress stress axis stress mineral stress tensor stress-strain curve stria, sn. striae striate striated striation strict nature reserve strike strike azimuth strike fault strike line strike valley strike-slip fault by a tng (trong a cht du kh) phn v a tng ranh gii a tng bt chnh hp a tng, n stratigraphical unconformity gin on a tng, n gap in the succession of strat gin on trm tch, n break in cedimentation mt ct a tng bt chnh hp a tng, n stratigraphical discordance i a tng a tng hc my tng tch ng ng su tng nh tng bnh lu, tng chuyn tip tng bnh lu ni la phn tng tng, lp my tng dng chy, sui s phn i dng lng dn, n river bed, river channel xm thc theo dng dc lng sng, n gradient of river, fall of stream ng t (c.), tuyn dng chy (hd) cp bc dng chy trc din dc dng chy h thng sng, n river system thy ch, ch thy vn iu tit thy ch mng li trm thy vn ng sut trc ng sut khang vt chu ng sut tensor ng sut ng cong bin dng - ng sut di sc, vn (thuc) di, (thuc) sc, c t im vn (v bo t) kha vn, kha vch, (dng) sc di c sc, c vn, vt kha, h sc, h vn khu bo tn thin nhin nghim ngt ng phng, n line of strike phng v ng phng t gy theo phng ( gc) ng phng, n line of strike thung lng dc t gy trt bng, n strike-shift fault

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185 string strip strip mining striped ground, striped soil Stromatoporoid stromatolite, stromatolith strombolian-type eruption strong sustainable development principle structural adjustment structural bench structural conservation structural denudational relief structural discordance structural geology structural geomorphology structural map structural petrology structural plateau structural rock-bench structural stage structural terrace structural unconformity structural valley structure structure of altitudinal zonality structure of soil cover subaerial subaerial delta subaerial processes subaerial relief subalpine subalpine belt subalpine evergreen scrub forest subalpine meadow subalpine vegetation subantarctic zone subaqueous springs subaqueous landscape ct ng khoan, vic t ng khoan; chui my thu tuyn (bay chp); di (bng) khai thc l thin, opencut mining t phn di, t sc di, n striated ground Stromatoporata, Dng L tng (C sinh) stromatolit (di tch phn lp do to), n algal ~ phun tro kiu Stromboli nguyn tc pht trin bn vng iu chnh cu trc (s iu chnh cho ph hp cu trc i vi mt mng tiu thot) thm cu trc - bc mn, n structural terrace, structural rock bench bo tn cu trc a hnh cu trc bc mn bt chnh hp kin to, bt chnh hp c hc mn a cht cu to mn a mo cu trc bn cu trc thch hc cu to, thch cu to, vi kin to, n fabric analysis, petrofabric analysis, petrofabrics, microtectonics cao nguyn cu trc thm cu trc - bc mn, n structural terrace, structural bench tng cu trc thm cu trc bt chnh hp cu trc, bt chnh hp gc, n angular unconformity thung lng kin to, n tectonic valley cu trc cu trc ai cao cu trc lp th nhng trn mt lc a tam gic chu kh cc qu trnh trn lc a a hnh trn lc a vng ni, vng cao, n montane ai cao rng cy bi thng xanh vng ni ng c vng ni thm thc vt vng ni i cn Nam cc mch nc ngm di nc cnh quan ngp nc (theo chu k)

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186 subaqueous processes subaqueous relief subarctic climate subarctic sod soils subarctic zone Subatlantic Subboreal subclass of landscapes subcontinent subcontinental type of the Earth's crust subcore subdominant species subduction subduction zone sub-ecozone subequatorial belts subequatorial climate subequatorial monsoon forest zones subequatorial zones subglacial subglacial moraine subglacial processes subglacial relief subhumid climate sublimate sublimation sublittoral sublittoral zone submarine canyon submarine continental margin submarine contour lines submarine earthquake submarine fan submarine geology submarine landslides submarine ridge submarine rock-step submarine terrace submarine valley qu trnh di mt nc a hnh di mt nc kh hu cn Bc cc t c cn Bc cc, (t c tng r c cn Bc cc) i cn Bc cc thi k Cn Atlantic, thi k Cn i Ty Dng (khong 2500 nm trc) hu bng Cn Bc (5000 2500 nm trc, sau Boreal v trc Cn Atlantic) phn lp cnh quan lc a kiu v t lc a nhn trong (ca Tri t) loi tri, loi u tri ph s ht chm i ht chm tiu vng sinh thi vnh ai cn xch o kh hu cn xch o i rng gi ma xch o i xch o y bng h, di sng bng bng tch y qu trnh di bng a hnh y sng bng kh hu bn m, n semihumid climate cht thng hoa s thng hoa gn b, n neritic i gn b hm vc ngm ( thm lc a, hoc sn lc a), thung lng ngm; n submarine valley ra lc a ngp nc ng ng su ng t di bin , n seaquake qut bi tch di bin, n submarine cone, abyssal fan, deep sea fan, submarine delta, sea fan, subsea apron mn a cht y bin, n geological oceanography trt t di bin sng ni ngm, sng ni y bin, g y bin ngng ngm y bin thm ngm, thm sn b ngm thung lng ngm, hm vc ngm, n submarine canyon

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187 submarine volcanism submerged coast submerged forest submerged reef submerged spring suboceanic type of the Earth's crust suborder Subordinate volcano subpermafrost water subpolar low subpopulation subsequent stream subsequent valley subsere subseries subsidence subsistence agriculture subsistence farming subsistence fishing subsoil subsoil water subspecies substitution effect subsurface brine subsurface current subsurface flow ni la ngm, ni la y bin b ngp nc rng ngp nc m tiu chm mch nc ngt di bin kiu v t i dng

phn b ni la k sinh, n parasitic volcanic cone nc di tng ng kt p thp cn cc tiu qun th dng k tha (dng theo phng cu trc) thung lng k tha (thung lng theo phng cu trc) din th ph, dy ph ph thng h ln, st ln nng nghip t cung t cp, n subsistence farming nng nghip t cung t cp n subsistence agriculture ng nghip t cung t cp tng t ci, tng B, n B horizon nc di mt t ph loi hiu ng thay th nc mui di mt t dng chy di mt nc dng chy di t, dng chy nc ngm, n subsurface runoff, subsurface - water flow subsurface runoff dng chy di t, dng chy nc ngm, n subsurface flow, subsurface - water flow subsurface - water flow dng chy di t, dng chy nc ngm, n subsurface runoff, subsurface flow subterranean layering tnh phn tng di t (cc tng r cy) subterranean water nc di t, nc ngm subtropical nhit i, cn nhit i subtropical anticyclones xoy nghch cn nhit i subtropical belts vnh ai nhit i subtropical climates kh hu nhit i subtropical desert zones i hoang mc nhit i subtropical evergreen forest rng thng xanh nhit i subtropical forest zones i rng nhit i subtropical forest-steppe i rng - tho nguyn nhit i zones subtropical monsoon climate kh hu nhit i gi ma subtropical rain forest rng ma nhit i subtropical semidesert zones i bn hoang mc nhit i

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188 subtropical steppe zones subtropical vegetation subtropical zones subtropical anticyclone subtype of landscapes suburb suburbanization succession successional speciation succinite succulent plant succulents suffocation suffosion suite sukhovei sulfate-reducing bacteria sulfates sulfide sulfur cycle sulfur dioxide sullage summer flood summer summer lightning summer solstice summer time summit of mountain summit-level Sun sun-cracks sunshine duration sunspots sunspot cycles sun-synchronous satellite superimposed river superadiabatic gradient superadiabatic lapse rate superaqueous landscape supercooled water supercooling superficial current superficial deposits i tho nguyn nhit i thm thc vt nhit i i nhit i xoy nghch nhit i ph kiu cnh quan ngoi ngoi ha din th; s k tip, tnh lin tc s hnh thnh loi k tip nhau h phch, n amber thc vt mng nc cy chu hn, cy mng nc cht ngt hng lot (ng vt thy sinh cht hng lot do thiu oxy) hin tng tim thc, n underwashing ip, dy, lot gi kh nng vi khun kh hon nguyn sulfat ( ly xy), vi khun to lu hunh, n sulfur bacteria sulfat sulfur, mui sulfur chu trnh lu hynh dioxit lu hynh bn lng ng (trong dng chy) l h ma h chp xa, chp ngun, chp b, n sheet lightning h ch gi (lm vic) ma h nh ni mc bo mn trn, n gipfelflur Mt Tri khe nt do nng thi gian Mt Tri chiu sng m en trn Mt Tri chu k m en trn Mt Tri v tinh ng b vi nng sng hu sinh, n epigenetic river gradien siu on nhit tc gim nhit v p sut siu on nhit cnh quan ni nc ngm nng nc siu lnh siu lnh dng chy mt trm tch mt, n surficial deposits

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189 superficial meanders supergene superglacial moraines superimposed depression superimposed landforms superimposed terrace supermarket supernova supersaturation superstructure supply supralittoral supratidal zone surf surface current surface fire surface flow surface mining surface moraines surface of no motion surface of unconformity surface runoff surface water surfaces of erosion surfactant surge surge phenomena survey analysis survivorship survivorship curve suspended load suspended sediment load suspended solids suspension suspension curent sustainability sustainable agriculture sustainable city sustainable demand sustainable development Sustainable Development Commission sustainable global society khc un t do, khc un th sinh, n free meanders biu sinh, th sinh, n hypergene, secondary bng tch mt, n surface moraines trng chng a hnh tch t chng ph bc thm ph trn siu th sao siu mi qu bo ha ( m khng kh) thng tng cu trc, n suprastructure s cung cp, ngun cung cp ra i duyn hi, i trn triu, n supratidal zone i trn triu, ra i duyn hi, n supralittoral sng nho, n breaking wave, breaker, swash, breaking of the wave dng chy mt chy lan mt t dng mt khai thc l thin bng tch trn mt, n surficial moraines mt khng chuyn ng mt bt chnh hp dng chy mt nc mt b mt san bng, n denudation surfaces cht c hot tnh b mt, cht ty ra sng lng cht, n swell hin tng nc dng phn tch quan trc sng st, t l sng st ng cong sng st vt liu l lng, cht ti huyn ph, n suspension load, suspensate, silt load vt liu trm tch huyn ph cht rn l lng s l lng, cht l lng, th huyn ph; s treo dng vn bn, dng chy l lng, n turbidity curent s bn vng; kh nng bn vng nn nng nghip bn vng thnh ph bn vng nhu cu bn vng s pht trin bn vng y ban v Pht trin bn vng x hi bn vng ton cu

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190 sustainable living sustainable society sustainable system sustainable use sustainable yield sustained yield Svecofennian folding i sng bn vng x hi bn vng h thng bn vng, h thng n nh s dng bn vng sn lng bn vng nng sut bn vng, hiu sut bn vng, sn lng bn vng chuyn ng un np Svecofenni, chuyn ng un np ThyPhn swallet sui ngm, dng chy bin swallow hole phu karst, n dolline, sink hole swamp bi ly swamp and mangrove forest rng m ly ngp mn swamp forest rng m ly swamp meadow ng c m ly swamp vegetation thm thc vt m ly swash sng nho, sng v b, dng sng v b, n breaking wave, breaker, surf, breaking of the wave swell sng lng

Hai mc t swelling dome v syntaxis nn li v:

swelling dome vm ni la, n volcanic dome Theo Glossary (2005): volcanic dome = lava dome. Khng tm thy swelling dome trong Glossary. Cc mc t c swelling u mang ngha phng ra, trng ln, n ra, cng ra (cng bum) p st trc np un Theo Glossary (2005): syntaxis = A sharp bend in an orogenic belt, accompanied by a fraying into several strands.The term is Sollars translation of the term shaarung first used by Suess in 1901. st trng n p lc trng n ni, opal xp syenit sylvin, sylvit, n sylvite sinh vt cng sinh hin tng cng sinh k hiu un np i xng, un np bnh thng, n normal fold cng x, cng vng phn b loi cng phn b Synapsida, ng cung (ph lp b st c, mt h thi dng) php phn tch ng b bn synop, n synoptical maps, weather maps np lm, np vng thung lng np lm, thung lng st, n valley of subsidence

syntaxis

swelling clay swelling pressure swimming stone syenite sylvine symbiont symbiosis symbols symmetrical fold sympatric sympatric species Synapsida synchronic analysis synchronous weather maps synclinal fold synclinal valley

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191 syncline synclinorium syneclisez synecology synform synformal anticline synfuel syngenesis syngenetic karst syngenetic succession synodic month synoptic synoptic chart synoptic situation synoptical maps synoptics synorogenic movements synorogenic pluton synsedimentary fault synsedimentary folding syntectic syntectite syntectonic pluton syntexis synthem synthetic maps synthetic natural gas (SNG) syrts system system of erosion systematic sampling systems analysis syzygies np vng, np lm phc np vng, phc np lm mng nn sinh thi hc qun th cu trc vng, cu trc lm; dng un m thun (phn ngha: antiform dng un dng thun) gi np lm nhin liu tng hp ng sinh karst ng sinh din th ng sinh thng Mt trng thuc v synop bn synop, bn thi tit hnh th synop bn synop, bn thi tit thi tit hc; phn tch thi tit bng bn chuyn ng ng to ni xm nhp ng to ni t gy ng trm tch un np ng trm tch cng nng chy, ng dung syntectit, cng nng chy xm nhp ng kin to cng nng chy, s ng dung phn v ng t (gia hai bt chnh hp khu vc) bn tng hp kh t nhin tng hp ng bng bc mn trn ni cao h thng, h (a tng) h thng xm thc ly mu h thng php phn tch h thng k sc vng

T
(527 mc t) T wave table mountains tableland tableland relief tableland topography tablelands sng m on k ni mt bn, ni phng a bn phng, vng t phng a hnh bng phng a hnh bng phng a hnh bng phng

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192 tablemounts tabular coral reefs Tabulate corals tacheometrical survey tachylite Taconic (Taconian) Orogeny taiga taiga climate taiga soils taiga zone tail sn h phng, vng ni mt bn rn phng, m tiu phng San h vch y, Tabulata ton c kv tachylit to ni Tacon taiga (rng m ly min cc bc) kh hu taiga t taiga i taiga ui, on cui ~ dune n ct ui ~ water h lu b qung taca (h cn ch gm setd-bt hoang mc Trung ) kv talc, tan talik, mnh st (mnh t khng ng bng vng bng vnh cu) mi dc, taluy, l tch, sn tch tch t sn dc nn l tch sn dc ng y (thung lng) t gy tip tuyn t gy chm nghch tip tuyn kv tantalit qung tantal, qung tantan qun hp chn vi chn vi hc, m hc (t xc sinh vt thnh ho thch) ho lu sinh, kin sinh ho lu ct hc n thu nhp khu, biu thu nhp khu hng ro thu quan nhn bin, h nh trn ni bc, k Tatar (cui Permi) cu trc vn nni la, cu trc taxit taxon, n v phn loi (sinh vt) phn loi hc (sinh vt) thuyt Taylor tp bn gio hc t gy trt k thut cai nghin nhn t k thut ca cnh quan thay i k thut hiu ng k thut, hiu qu k thut chuyn giao cng ngh

tailings takyr talc talik talus talus accumulation talus cone talus slope talweg tangential fault tangential thrust tantalite tantalum ores taphocenose, thaphocenose taphonomy taphrogenesis, taphrogeny tar sand tariff tariff barrier tarn Tatarian taxitic structure taxon taxonomy taylorism teaching maps tear faults technoaddiction technogenesic of landscape technological change technological effects technology transfer

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193 technology treadmill tectogenesis tectonic kh sai cng ngh to ni, kin sinh kin to ~ accretion s bi kt kin to ~ activation hot ho kin to ~ breccia kin to dm kt ~ cycle chu k kin to ~ deformation bin dng kin to, ph hu kin to ~ denudation bc mn kin to ~ fissures khe nt kin to ~ flow kin to dch chuyn, n tectonic transport ~ framework khung kin to ~ hypotheses gi thuyt kin to ~ inclusion bao th kin to ~ landforms a hnh kin to ~ maps bn kin to ~ mlange th xo trn kin to ~ movements chuyn ng kin to ~ troughs trng kin to ~ valley thunng lng kin to ~ windows ca s kin to tectonics kin to hc tectonites vn kin to tectonophysics vt l kin to tectonosphere quyn kin to tectonostratigraphy kin to a tng tektites tectit telecontrol kim sot t xa teleology mc ch lun telluric currents dng tellur, dng in di t telmatology mn m ly temblor ng t n earkthquake temperate n ho, n i temperate desert zone i hoang mc n ho temperate forest zones rng n i temperate forest-steppe zones rng tho nguyn n i temperate rain forest rng ma n i temperate rain forest in the rng ma n i ch tuyn tropics temperate semidesert zones i bn hoang mc n ho temperate steppe zones i tho nguyn n ho temperature anomaly d thng nhit temperature gradient gradien nhit temperature inversion nghch o nhit temporary base level mc c s tm thi tenant capital vn thu, vn thu mn

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194 tension sc cng, s cng ~ fractures khe nt cng, ph hu cng ~ joints khe nt cng ~ rupture t gy cng, ph hu cng ~ strain bin dng cng ~ stress ng sut cng ~ zone i cng dn Tentaculites s chim hu (t ai, m) vn ni la, vt liu vn ni la tephrit (mt loi phun tro) bn kt thc gi cui cng vn tc cui g mi bn cui ko tch biu tam gic th tam gic, th ba cu t t thm, rung bc thang canh tc rung bc thang thm ra dc thm, sn thm thm nh, thm bc to thm (thuc) Tri t, t lin, lc a ~ coordinates to Tri t ~ deposits trm tch lc a ~ ellipsoid ellipsoid Tri t ~ equator xch o Tri t ~ magnetism a t ~ radiation bc x Tri t ~ radiation

Tentaculits tenure (of land or resources) tephra tephrite terminal basin terminal costs terminal velocity terminarium termination pull-apart basin ternary diagram ternary graph terra rossa terrace terrace cultivation terrace edge terrace scarp terracette terracing terrestrial

terrigenous deposits territorial

territory Tertiary tertiary consumer tertiary industry tertiary sector tertiary sewage treatment

trm tch lc nguyn (thuc) lnh th, a phn ~ justice lut lnh th ~ seas, ~ waters lnh hi ~ social indicator ch s x hi theo lnh th lnh th, a phn, vng t tam (higher-level) ngi tiu dng cp ba (mc cao) cng nghip cp ba khu vc th ba, b phn th ba x l cht thi cp ba

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195 tertiary treatment teshenite tessellation test well Tethys thalassocratic periods thalassocraton thalweg thanatocoenosis Thanetian thaw x l cp ba, iu tr cp ba teshenit khm, s khm ging tm kim, thm d bin Tethys giai on nn i dng nn i dng ng y, ng thung lng qun hp xc bc, k Thanet (thuc Paleogen, cui Paleocen) bng tan, tan bng ~ lake h bng tan ~ water nc bng tan Thecodont (dng b st c Permi-Trias) b bn chuyn , Atlas chuyn b bn chuyn trc c kinh v, o c kinh v nhit, nng, lung khng kh nng, thi k tan bng ~ analysis phn tch nhit ~ aureole vnh nhit ~ bar ranh gii nhit (trong h) ~ capacity nhit dunng ~ contraction theory thuyt co rt do nhit (v s thnh to Tri t) ~ equator xch o nhit ~ expansion gin n nhit ~ inversion s o nhit ~ low dng nhit ~ pollution nhim nhit ~ radiation bc x nhit ~ remanent magnetisation nhit t d, n thermoremanence ~ shield khin nhit ~ springs mch nc nng, mch nc a nhit ~ stratification phn tng nhit ~ type of lake kiu h nc nng ~ wind gi nng d thng nhit in tr nhit i vng nhit tng t bin nhit biu nhit ng nhit in phn tch nhit-mui ( nc bin) hon lu nhit-mui ( nc bin) karst nhit h karst nhit

Thecodontia thematic atlases thematic maps theodolitic survey thermal

thermic anomaly thermistor thermocirque thermocline thermodynamic diagram thermo-electricity thermohaline analysis thermohaline convection thermokarst thermokarst lake

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196 thermometer thermophilic thermophile thermophyte thermoremanence thermosphere thin lamellar jointing thin section thin slide thinning Third World Third World debt thorite thorn forest threadworms three-field system threshold threshold population throughflow throw of fault thrust nhit k a nhit, a nng sinh vt a nng thc vt a nng nhit t d, n thermal remanent magnetisation tng nng, tng nhit (ca nc bin) th nt tch lp mng lt mng tm phim n chiu mng dn, lm mng th gii th ba n ca Th gii th ba kv thorit rng cy gai giun kim h ba trng ngng, ti hn dn s ti hn dng sut c ly t gy chm, t gy chm nghch ~ fault t gy chm nghch ~ nappe lp ph nghch chm ~ plane mt t gy chm nghch ~ slice vy chm ~ surface b mt t gy chm nghch ~ outlier khi st chm nghch sm, st trng (tuf chalcedon, opal dng cu phong ho) bo t (thuc) thu triu ~ barrage tng thu triu ~ bore sng triu ca sng ~ creek lch triu ~ currents dng thu triu ~ delta chu th triu ~ energy nng lng thu triu ~ forest rng vng triu, rng triu ~ interval gian triu ~ marsh bi ly triu ~ scour xi mn triu ~ streams dng triu ~ wave thu triu ~ zone i triu

thunder thunder egg thunderstorm tidal

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197 tide thu triu ~ amplitude bin thu triu (chnh lch gia mc triu cng v mc nc bin bnh thng) ~ cycle chu k thu triu ~ flat bi thot triu ~ range cao thu triu (chnh lch gia mc triu cng v triu rng, gp hai bin triu) ~ rip xoy triu vng triu bin khng thu triu o ni b, n tombolo island ngc mt mo np un khit, np un hp khe nt kht, khe nt cht khe nt cht kht, khe nt kn st tng ln phn tch cu trc st tng ln bi st tng ln tilit, bng tch dng tilit t gy nghing lp t trng trt, s canh tc thi gian, thi k, gi ~ anomaly d thng thi gian (ca sng a chn) ~ break thi im u (truyn sng a chn) ~ -distance convergence thi gian ~ distance curve ng cong thi khong ~ graph th thi gian ~ lag tr sng (a chn) ~ lead ti sm (ca sng a chn) ~ scale thang a thi ~ -stratigraphic unit phn v thi a tng ~ -stratigraphy thi a tng ~ -transgressive khng ng thi, n diachronous ~ zone thi i nn p thi gian-khng gian hi t thi gian-khng gian a l thi gian-khng gian mng tam gic khng u qung thic sulfur thic, n stannite thic, casiterit qung st titan kv titanit qung titan

tideland tideless sea tied island tigers eye, tigerite tight fold tight fracture tight-closed fracture till till fabric analysis till plain tillites tilloides tilted fault tilth time

time-space compression time-space convergence time-space geography TIN (triangulated irregular network) tin ore tin pyrite tinstone titanic iron ore titanite titanium ores

197

198 titanomagnetite Tithonian TNCs (transnational corporations) Toarcian Tobolsk Interglacial toe of slope tolerance tolerance limit tombolo tombolo island tongue Tonian top of bed topaz toplap topocentric coordinates topographic titanomagnetit, magnetit titan bc, k Tithon (u Creta) t hp xuyn quc gia bc, k Toarc (u Jura) gian bng Tobolsk chn sn sc chu ng, s khoan dung gii hn chu ng, gii hn khoan dung bi ni, doi ct ni, tombolo o ni b li, nm, nhnh, di t thp h, k Toni (thuc Neoproterozoi) mi lp kv topaz ph mi, bt chnh hp mi to a tm (thuc) a hnh ~ atlases tp bn a hnh, Atlas a hnh ~ base c s a hnh ~ forms dng a hnh ~ maps tp bn a hnh ~ maturity a hnh thnh nin ~ surface b mt a hnh ~ survey o c a hnh, kho st a hnh ~(al) map bn a hnh ~ youth a hnh trng nin c s a hnh tp bn a hnh o c a hnh, kho st a hnh a th, a hnh bn a hnh a hnh hc a danh hc khi lt, khi nghing t trng trt, t mt chm ni, mi , mm nhn gi xoy nh kh hu kh nng bc, k Torton (u Neogen) qun l dn nc ton b, tng qun dn nc cht rn ho tan hon ton gi tr mi trng ton b bc hi hon ton t l mu m hon ton

topographical basis topographical maps topographical surveying topography topological map topology toponymy topple topsoil tor tornado torrid climate Tortonian total catchment management (TCM) total dissolved solids (TDS) total environmental value total evaporation total fertility rate

198

199 total radiation tourism tourist maps tourmaline tourmalinite Tournaisian tower karst town town planning townscape toxic chemical toxic metals toxic waste toxicity toxicology trace element trace gas trachyte traction load, tractional load trade trade (trading or economic) bloc trade cycle trade gap trade bc x ton b du lch bn du lch kv tourmalin tourmalinit bc, k Tournais (u Carbon) thp karst th x, thnh ph quy hoch th phi th ho cht c, c t kim loi c cht thi c hi c tnh, c c hc nguyn t vt kh vt trachyt vt liu ti thng mi, mu dch khi mu dch (mu dc hoc kinh t) dao ng kinh t, chu k mu dch xut siu, nhp siu tn phong, gi mu dch; ngh nghip, thng mi ~ wind inversion o gi mu dch ~ winds gi mu dch, tn phong ~ -wind climate kkh hu tn phong ~ -wind currents lung tn phong ~ -wind desert tn phong hoang mc. gi mu dch hoang mc ~ -wind front fron tn phong, fron gi mu dch ~ -wind regions khu vc tn phong, khu vc gi mu dch in trang kinh doanh c dn truyn thng nng nghip ch yu truyn thng nng nghip sinh k truyn thng giao thng; bun lu nghin cu va chm giao thng nguyn tc giao thng, lut giao thng phn lung giao thng bi kch cng ng c im, nt c trng bo tn xuyn bin gii

trading estate traditional inhabitant traditional intensive agriculture traditional subsistence agriculture traffic traffic impact study traffic principle traffic segregation tragedy of the commons trait transborder conservation

199

200 transboundary effect transfer costs transfer price transferability transfluence (glacial transfluence) transfluent glacier transform fault transform fault plate boundary transformation transformation of data transformation of nature transformism transfrontier conservation transgression transgressive overlapping transhipment transhumance translatory (translational) fault transit trade transition forest transitional city transitional zone transitory zone translocation transmigration transnational corporation transparency transpiration transport costs transport geography transport network transport network development model transport, transportation transportation planning transversal coast transversal movement of load transversal shear fault transverse dune transverse fault transverse joints transverse projections transverse slope of water hiu ng xuyn bin gii gi vn chuyn gi vn chuyn kh nng chuyn i bng chy bng chy t gy chuyn dng ranh gii mng chuyn dng s bin i, s chuyn ho chuyn ho t liu, bin i t liu chuyn ho t nhin, bin i bn cht thuyt bin i, thuyt granit (trong s hnh thnh granit) s bo tn xuyn bin gii bin tin lp ph bin tin s chuyn hng di chuyn gia sc (ln ni) t gy tnh tin mu dch qu cnh rng chuyn tip d th chuyn tip i chuyn tip, vng chuyn tip vng tm thi, khu vc tm thi s di ch, s di chuyn, s hon v s di c, s di tr n migration t hp (cng ty) xuyn quc gia s trong sut, phim chiu hnh thot hi nc ( thc vt), s ra m hi ( ngi) ph vn ti a l vn ti mng li giao thng vn ti m hnh pht trin mng li giao thng vn ti giao thng vn ti quy hoch giao thng vn ti, k hoch ho giao thng vn ti b ct ngang chuyn ng ngang ca ti t gy trt ngang cn ct ngang t gy ngang khe nt ngang php chiu ngang dc ngang ca mt nc

200

201 surface transverse thrust transverse valley trap trapps trass travelling dune travertine travertine mounds travertine terraces trawler fishing tree line tree savannah trellis drainage pattern trellised drainage Tremadocian tremolite trend azimuth trend surface map triangular delta triangular diagram triangulated irregular network, TIN triangulation Trias, Triassic tributary area tributary valley trickle down trilateration Trilobites triploblastic tripoli trona trophic trophic accumulation trophic level trophic zone tropholytic zone tropic tropic of Caneer tropic of Capricorn tropical

chm ngang, chm nghch ngang thung lng ct ngang, thung lng ngang by (du kh) trap, phun tro bc thang tro ni la cn ct di chuyn travertin, tuf vi travertin, m travertin thm travertin ng c li r ng gii hn ca cy ci savan c cy ci mng tiu nc mt co tiu nc dng mt co bc, k Tremadoc (u Ordovic) kv tremolit xc nh phng v bn b mt nh hng chu th tam gic biu tam gic mng tam gic khng u php ac tam gic h, k Trias vng ph lu thung lng ph lu dng nh git php o ba cnh tam gic B ba thu, Trilobit (thuc loi) ba l phi tripoli kv trona dinh dng, nui dng tch t dinh dng mc dinh dng i dinh dng i dinh dng ch tuyn ch tuyn Caneer ch tuyn Capricorn (thuc) nhit i ~ agriculture nng nghip nhit i ~ air mass khi khng kh nhit i ~ bamboo-forest rng tre nhit i

201

202 ~ belts ai nhit i ~ climates kh hu nhit i ~ cyclone xoy nghch nhit i ~ desert zones cc i hoang mc nhit i ~ forest rng nhit i ~ fresh water swamp forest rng m ly nhit i ~ high montane coniferous forest rng thng ni cao nhit i ~ high-grass low tree savannah rng savan c, cy thp nhit i ~ hurricane bo nhit i ~ karst with residual hills karst vi i st nhit i ~ lowland evergreen rain forest rng ma t thp cy thng xanh nhit i ~ mangrove woodland rng s vt nhit i ~ meteorology kh tng nhit i ~ moist deciduous forest rng m nhit i rng l hng nm ~ monsoons gi ma nhit i ~ montane bamboo forest rng tre ni nhit i ~ open forest rng m nhit i, rng tha nhit i ~ orchard country min cy n qu nhit i ~ rainforest rng ma nhit i ~ rain-forest climate rng ma nhit i ~ rains ma nhit i ~ riparian woodland rng ven sng nhit i ~ semi-deciduous forest rng nhit i na rng l hng nm ~ semi-desert vegetation thc vt na hoang mc nhit i ~ semidesert zones i na hoang mc nhit i ~ semi-evergreen forest rng nhit i na thng xanh ~ storm bo t nhit i ~ thorn savannah savan cy gai nhit i ~ vegetation thc vt nhit i khu h ng vt nhit i i Ty Dng khu h ng vt nhit i n o Dng-Thi Bnh Dng vng nh tng i lu thc vt nhit i, thc vt thch nghi rng tng i lu trng, trng a ho, trng ca p thp thung lng dng mng, thung lng dang a ho ngh trng rau gi tht hng cm thc gi tht Mt Tri lc xoy b ct sng chnh

Tropico-Atlantic faunistic region Tropico-Indopacific faunistic region tropopause tropophytes troposphere trough trough of low pressure trough valley truck farming true cost true dip direction true solar time truncated cyclone trunk river

202

203 tsunami tufa tuff tuff breccia tuff lava tuffite tumultuous bedding tundra tundra climate tundra soil tundra vegetation tundra zones tungsten ores tunnel valley turbidites turbidity turbidity current turbosphere turbulence turbulence of atmosphere turbulent boundary layer turbulent flow turnpike Turonian turquoise tussock twilight twilight area twilight colours twin sng thn tufa (trm tch carbonat trm ng ming a nhit) tuf dm kt tuf dung nhm tuf tuffit phn lp hn n i nguyn kh hu i nguyn t i nguyn thc vt i nguyn i i nguyn qung tungsten thung lng ngm, hm sng bng turbidit c, xo trn dng c, dng xo trn, dng chy ri tng nhiu lu s nhiu lon, s ri lon nhiu lon kh quyn tng ranh gii nhiu lon dng chy ri quy thu tin (c cng ngn) bc, k Turon (cui Creta) ngc lam bi c tri tng sng, lc chng vng vng km sng mu tranh ti tranh sng sinh i, ghp i, kv song tinh ~ dune ridges nh cn ct ghp i ~ rivers sng ghp i ~ volcanoes ni la ghp i ~ crystal song tinh ~ center tm song tinh kiu ca cnh quan, kiu cnh quan kiu ca a im, kiu ca v tr kiu ca a hnh, kiu a hnh kiu ca thc vt, kiu thc vt bo bin tin Tyrrhen

type of landscape type of locality type of relief type of vegetation typhoon Tyrrhenian transgression

U
Tng 148 mc t (Hun lm 102, Thanh v Bc thm 46)

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204

ubac ubiquists ubiquitous material Ufimian ulmification ultra-abyssal ultrabasic rocks ultrafiltration ultramarine ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B radiation) umbra umbracer dune UN Development Program (UNDP) uncertainty unconfined ground water unconformity unconformity of overlap unconsolidated rock undercliff undercutting underdeveloped countries underdevelopment underfit stream underflow underground lake underground stream underground water undergrowth underminning undernutrition underpopulation undershrub underthrust fault underwashing underwater acoutics underwater ice underwood undiscovered resource undulating fold undulation undulatory movements

sn khut nng sinh vt phn b rng vt liu phn b rng bc, k Ufim (thuc Permi Nga) thnh to than bn (thuc) siu nc su siu mafic, siu baz siu lc kv lazurit n lazurite; lazurit nhn to bc x cc tm bc x cc tm B vng khut bng (trong nht thc, nguyt thc) cn ct khut gi Chng trnh pht trin ca Lin hp quc khng chc chn, hay thay i nc ngm khng p bt chnh hp, khng chnh hp bt chnh hp ph chm khng gn kt, khng rn 1. vch ri; 2. di va (than) khot hm ch cc nc chm pht trin, cc nc km pht trin km pht trin sui cht (dng qu nh so vi c thung lng) dng chy ngm, n subsurface current h ngm, n cavern lake, cave lake sui ngm nc ngm, nc di t tng cy thp, tng di tn rng khai thc ngm, khot mn chn vch suy dinh dng, thiu dinh dng tnh trng tha dn cy bi thp t gy nghch chm s ra mn bn di, hin tng tim thc, n suffosion thy m hc bng di nc, bng y, n anchor ice, bottom ice, ground ice, depth ice, lappered ice tng cy thp ti nguyn cha pht hin np un ln sng 1) s gn sng; 2) chuyn ng sng cc chuyn ng dng sng (ca v qu t)

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205 unemployment unemployment rate uneven development unfossiliferous rocks ungulate uniclinal structure unified field theory uniform delivered pricing uniformitarianism unionite unit change unit dischage unit type moutains United nations conference on desertification United nations conference on environment and development United nations conference on human settlements United nations conference on the human environment United nations conference on trade and development United Nations Environment Program United nations water conference universal time universe unloading UNO (United Nations Organization) unsorted material unstable communities unstratified unsymmetrical fold unwatering upbuilding upconing updip block upland uplifted fault-block uplifted wall uplimb thrust fault upper course of river upper culmination upper edge s tht nghip t l tht nghip s pht trin khng ng u cm, khng ho thch ng vt mng guc cu trc n nghing l thuyt trng thng nht nh gi giao hng thng nht thuyt ng dng, thuyt n dng soizit, unionit s bin i n v modun dng chy ni n dng Hi tho Lin hip quc v hoang mc ho Hi ngh Lin hp quc v Mi trng v Pht trin Hi ngh Lin hp quc v nh c nhn loi Hi ngh Lin hp quc v mi trng sng Hi ngh Lin hp quc v thng mi v pht trin Chng trnh Mi trng ca Lin hp quc Hi ngh Lin hp quc v nc gi quc t, gi trung bnh Greenwich v tr 1) s gim ti; 2) s gii thot Lin hp quc, T chc Lin hp quc vt liu khng chn lc tp on khng bn vng, cng ng khng bn vng khng phn tng, khng phn lp np un khng i xng thot nc, h mc nc s bi cao, tch t ln bin (trong trm tch) nm hnh nn khi nng, khi tri ( t gy) vng thng du, vng ni khi nng t gy nghch, a ly, n horst, elevated block cnh t gy nng, n upthrow side t gy chm nghch cnh treo thng lu sng thin nh trn ra trn (ca va)

205

206 upper face of stratum upper mantle of the Earth upright fold uprush upstream upswash upthrow block upthrow fault upthrow side upthrust upthrust fault upthrusting upturning of beds upward evolution of relief upward spiral upward transition region upwarp upwarping upwash upwelling uranatemnite uranium ores Uranus urao urban urban and regional planning urban area urban blight urban climates urban conservation urban consolidation urban containment urban continuum urban density gradient urban development corporation, UDC urban diseconomies urban ecology urban ecosystem urban ecosystem urban fallow urban field urban geography urban growth mt trn ca tng manti trn, manti trn ca Tri t np un thng ng sng v b, s x ln, n swash ngc dng, thng lu, u ngun dng sng v b cnh tri nghch (ca t gy) t gy tri nghch, n reversed fault, upthrust, overfault mt tri t gy, cnh treo nghch chm, t gy nghch chm, s tri ngc ln trn t gy nghch chm s nng tri s o ngc cc lp s tin ha ln ca a hnh ng xon c hng ln trn vng chuyn tip ln trn 1) t bi trn; 2) s on ln trn, n upwarping, swell, welt s trng n, s vng ln s ra la nc tri (s nng nc t lp su ln pha mt) uranatemnit, n uraninite qung uran sao Thin vng sa t nhin, n trona thuc thnh ph, thuc th quy hoch th v vng khu vc (vng, din tch) th nh hng tiu cc (xu) ca th kh hu th s bo tn th s cng c o th hn ch th ho lin th gradient mt th Hi ng pht trin thnh ph, Hi ng pht trin th phi kinh t th sinh thi hc th h sinh thi th h sinh thi th khu t hoang trong thnh ph khu vc thnh ph a l hc th s pht trin th, tng trnng th

206

207 urban hierarchy urban hydrology urban land-value surface urban mesh urban morphology urban planning urban primacy urban renewal urban rent theory urban social geography urban sprawl urban system urbanism urbanization urbanization curve urbanization economies urbanregion urban-rural continuum use value useful mineral U-shaped valley utility uval uvala cp bc th thy vn th mt bng gi tr t th li th, mng li th hnh thi hc th quy hoch th tnh u vit ca th, th trng i mi th, khi phc th l thuyt a t th, thuyt thu bao o th a l x hi th s bng pht th, v th th h thng th 1) phong cch th; 2) xy dng th s th ha ng cong th ha kinh t th ha khu vc th th lin th-nng thn gi tr s dng khong vt c ch thung lng dng ch V tnh hu dng, s v li i di thung lng karst

V
(160) vadose water vadose zone Valanginian Valdai Ice Age Valentins coastal classification valley valley bottom valley flat valley floor valley glacier valley line valley meanders valley network valley pattern valley slopes nc thm lu, nc treo, n suspended water i thng kh bc, k Valangin (u Creta) k bng h Vandai Phn loi b Valentin thung lng, lng sng, alluvial ~ thung lng bi t; deep ~ thung lng su, drowned ~ thung lng ngp nc, dry ~ thung lng kh hn y thung lng, n valley flat, valley floor y thung lng, n valley bottom, valley floor y thung lng, n valley flat, valley bottom bng h thung lng ng t thy, ng y thung lng n talweg, thalweg khc un thung lng mng li thung lng hnh dng ca mng thung lng sn thung lng

207

208 valley storage valley water divide valley wind value added value judgement vanadium ores vaporizasion variability variable variable cost analysis variable costs variable revenue analysis variable star variance variate variolite Variscian folding varve varved clay vascular plant vauclusian spring vector vector analysis vector data veering veering wind vegetable vegetated sand dune vegetation vegetation anomaly vegetation (plant) succession vegetation chorology vegetation cover vegetation of solonchaks vegetation zones vegetational change vegetational fluctuation vegetative season veil clouds vein vein rock vein selvage vein wall veld velocity area gauging station tr nc trong thung lng ng phn thy gi thung lng gi tr gia tng phn quyt gi tr qung vanadi s bc hi, n evaporation tnh bin ng c tnh bin i phn tch gi tr bin i gi bin i php phn tch thu nhp bin i ngi sao c sng bin i s bin thin, s bin d bin lng variolit, cha ht cu nh Un np Varisi (= Un np Hercyn) st dng di mng (trong h bng h) st dng di mng, n bandy clay thc vt c mch ngun nc karst Vocluz vc t phn tch vc t d liu vc t s i chiu, s xoay chiu gi gi i hng rau; thc vt; thuc thc vt n ct c thm thc vt 1) thm thc vt, thc b; 2) s dinh dng d tng thc vt (khi phn tch khng nh) chui thc vt 1) a l sinh vt; 2) phn b thc b thm thc vt thc vt trn t mn solonsak i thc vt bin i thc b dao ng thc b ma thc vt my phn lp vn, mch, va mch, c vn phn ra ca mch vch ngoi ca mch qung sa van, tho nguyn Nam Phi trm o tc

208

209 Vendian vent ventifact verkhovodka vermiculite vermiform vernal equinox Versilian transgression vertebrate vertebrate palaeontology vertex vertical vertical circulation vertical differentiation vertical dissection of mountain vertical erosion vertical expansion vertical fault vertical integration vertical movements vertical scale vertical soil zonality vertical temperature gradient vesicular structure vicarious species vicarious use value Vienne Convention for the Protection of the Ozone layer vigour Villafranchian vines virgation virgin forest virgin flow virgin pressure virgin zone Virglorian =Anisian virulence Visean viscous viscosity visibility Vistula Ice Age Venda (Phn v a tng cui Neoproterozoi Nga) 1) hng ni la, ming phun; 2) l thng, l thot trm tch mi mn do gi nc th nhng kv vermiculit dng giun Xun phn bin tin Versili ng vt c xng sng c sinh vt hc ng vt c xng sng nh, chp, ngn tnh t: thng ng, thuc phng thng ng; danh t: ng thng ng; ng vung gc hon lu thng ng phn ha theo phng thng ng s chia ct ni thng ng xi mn thng ng s gin n (lan rng) phng thng ng t gy thng ng s lin kt thng ng chuyn ng thng ng 1) t l thng ng; 2) thang thng ng phn i th nhng thng ng gradient nhit thng ng, gradient nhit theo phng thng ng cu trc bt, cu trc c bt loi thay th, n representative species gi tr s dng thay th Cng c Vin v Bo v tng zn sc mnh, sc sng bc, k Villafranchi ( ranh gii tam v t) cy dy leo, n lianas s chia nhnh, phn nhnh hnh qut rng nguyn sinh, n primeval forest dng nguyn trng, n runoff p sut ban u i nguyn trng bc, k Virglor = Anisi (Trias trung) tnh c bc, k Vise (u Carbon) nht, dnh, m c nht tm nhn xa, n range of visibility k bng h Vistula

209

210 visual vital capacity vital rates vital statistics vitality viticulture vitrophyres vitrophyric V-notched weir volcanic mudflow volcanic volcanic agglomerate volcanic arc volcanic ash volcanic ash soils volcanic belt volcanic blast volcanic blister volcanic bomb volcanic breccia volcanic chimney volcanic clay volcanic cone volcanic dome volcanic dust volcanic earthquake volcanic explosion volcanic focus volcanic gases volcanic glass volcanic islands volcanic lake volcanic landscape volcanic mountains volcanic neck volcanic pipe volcanic plateau volcanic rift zone volcanic rock volcanic spine volcanic thunderstorm volcanic tuff volcanic vent funnel (thuc) nhn kh nng sinh tn mc sng thng k dn s kh nng sng, sc sng, nng lc sng ngh trng nho bn thu tinh, vitrophyr (porphyr c nn thy tinh), n . glass porphyry bn thu tinh, vitrophyr, vitroporphyr p ngn dng ch V dng bn ni la (thuc) ni la aglomerat ni la, kt t ni la cung ni la tro ni la t tro ni la, andosol, n. andosols ai ni la phun kh ni la bt ni la bom ni la dm kt ni la ng ni la, n volcanic pipe st ni la chp ni la vm ni la bi ni la ng t ni la phun n ni la l ni la, tm ni la kh ni la thy tinh ni la o ni la h ni la cnh quan ni la dy ni la; ni ngun gc ni la hng ni la b bc l, n neck, plug ng ni la, hng ni la, n volcanic vent funnel, chimney, vent cao nguyn ni la i rift ni la ni la gai ni la dng ni la tuf ni la phu hng ni la

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211 volcanism volcano volcanogenic-sedimentary deposits volcanology Volgian vortex vortex chain vortex line vortices V-shape valley, V-shaped valley vulcanian-type eruption Vulcano-type eruption vulcanicity vulnerable vulnerable species hot ng ni la ni la trm tch ni la ni la hc bc Volga (cui Jura Nga = Tithon) xoy, lc, xoy nc, n vortices chui xoy tuyn xoy, tuyn lc xoy, lc, xoy nc, n vortex thung lng ch V phun tro kiu Vulcan, n Vulcano-type eruption phun tro kiu Vulcan, n vulcanian-type eruption hot ng ni la, n volcanism, vulcanism c tnh nhy cm, d b tn thng cc loi d b tn thng

W
(222 mc t) Waalian warm period wad wadi wake dune wall wall reef wall rock wandering dune wandering lake wandering river wandering water waning of slope warm air mass warm current warm front warm (warm-based) glacier warm temperate evergreen conifer-forest warm-temperate montane broad-leaved tropical seasonal-rain forest warm-temperate rain forest warp warp fault thi k m Waalian t bt mangan thung kh ( hoang mc), n oued, waddy n ct vt ( sn khut gi ca n ct ln) tng; vch (t gy); vch (hm l m) m tiu vch vch n ct di ng, n travelling dune, migrating dune h khng c b c nh, h lang thang (trong sa mc) sng lang thang ( vng kh hn i dng lin tc) nc i thng kh, n vadose water git li sn, n waning slope, back wearing, retreat of slopes khi khng kh (kh on) nng hi lu m ront m bng h thi k m rng thng thng xanh n i m rng ma l rng n i m trn ni rng ma n i m s un cong, t bi, ph sa bi t gy on

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212 warping movements chuyn ng dao ng ca v tri t, n oscilatory movements wash ra la, xi mn, sa khong bi tch, sng v b, n swash; s ra tri bi nc ma waste tn tch; cht thi; t trng (sau khi cht rng) waste burial chn cht thi; bi rc waste disposal x l cht thi, ni cch ly cht thi waste incineration thiu hy cht thi waste management qun l cht thi; qun l pht thi waste mantle lp v phn hu ( b phn hu nm trn gc), s che ph cht thi waste minimization gim thiu cht thi waste pile ng thi, l thiu thi waste reduction and resource chin lc gim thi v bo tn ti nguyn conservation strategy waste water nc thi, nc hi quy, nc thm r wasteland t hoang, khu t kh cn khng th s dng water nc water - table mc nc ngm water balance cn bng nc, cn cn nc water bloom nc i mu, nc n hoa (do to) water body thy vc, bn nc water boundary ng mp nc, n water edge water budget qu nc, cn cn nc water catching thu gom nc; gi nc trong lng sng water clouds my cha nc water conveying capacity cng sut thng thy, nng lc thng thy water cycle chu trnh nc (tun hon nc trn Tri t), chu trnh thy vn, n hydrrological cycle water discharge lu lng nc, n debit, flow water droplets in clouds bi nc trong my water edge ng mp nc, n water boundary water engineering thy cng, k thut thy li water gap khe nc water hemisphere bn cu i dng water horizon tng cha nc water level gng nc ngm, mc nc, mc nc water mass khi nc water of hydration nc thu ho water parting ng phn thu water plane gng nc ngm, mt nc water plants thc vt thy sinh, n aquatic plants water pollution nhim nc water pressure p sut nc water purity trong ca nc, n transparency water regime of soil ch nc th nhng

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213 water resources water softener water speading water supply water surface water surface slope water table, water - table water treatment water vapour water year waterbearing complex water-borne disease watercourse waterfall waterflood water-gap water-level weathering waterline waterlog watermeet water-resources assessment watershed watershed area watershed management waterway wave wave - cut wave - cut notch wave amplitude wave base wave bedding wave crest wave current wave cyclon wave energy wave erosion wave front wave length wave refraction wave ridge wave-built island wave-built shore wave-cut platform wavelength ti nguyn nc; tr lng nc cht lm mm nc cng, thit b lm mm nc cng trn ngp nc s cp nc, cung cp nc, d tr nc mt nc nghing mt nc, dc mt nc mt nc ngm x l nc; lm giu qung bng phng php dng nc hi nc nm thy vn phc h cha nc, n aquiferous complex bnh truyn theo nc dng nc, sng, dng sng thc nc nc l khe hm; on thung lng xuyn thng; ch nc su mc nc phong ha mp nc lm ngp nc; m ha ng ba sui, sng dnh gia sti nguyn nc ng phn thy, lu vc thot nc n divide, drainage divide lu vc sng, nh phn thy qun l lu vc ng thy, ng sng sng; s dy sng mi mn do sng, sng mi mn hc hm ch do sng v bin sng chn sng phn lp dng sng , n wave-like bedding nh sng, n wave ridge dng chy sng xoy thun dng sng nng lng sng xm thc do sng, xi l do sng mt sng bc sng khc x sng nh sng o tch t do sng, n aggradation island b tch t do sng, n aggradation shore, alluvial coast nn sng mi mn, nn mi mn bc sng

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214 wave-like bedding waxing slope weak rock weather weather maps weather situation weathering weathering crust weathering deposits weathering front weathering rind Weber s theory of industrial location wedge wedging out weeds Weichselian weight ratio weir welfare well-being welt Wenlockian Werfenian west westerly westerly winds Westfalian wet climate wet evergreen forest wet-bulb hygrometer wet-bulb thermometer wetland wetland function wetted perimeter wetting front whale oil whaleback whirl whirl wind whirlpool whirlpool notch whirlpool structure phn lp dng sng, n wave bedding sn dc li gn kt yu thi tit; hng n gi (hng hi) bn thi tit hnh th thi tit phong ha v phong ha t khong phong ho, m phong ha mt y phong ha lp v phong ha Thuyt nh v cng nghip ca Weber nm; salt ~ nm mn vt nhn va, n.pinching out, thinning out, feathering out of layer c, cy c hi k bng h Visla (nh Thi k bng h Vurm Pleistocen mun) t sut trng lng p ngn, p trn phc li, tin tr cp s thnh vng, s kh gi khi nng dng vm thng, th (bc, k) Wenlock (thuc Silur) bc Werfen (u Trias, nay t dng) pha ty, hng ty v hng ty, t pha ty, pha ty gi ty thng, th (bc, k) Westfal (cui Carbon Ty u) kh hu m rng m thng xanh m k c bng nc nhit k c bng nc t ngp nc, vng m ly chc nng t ngp nc vnh ai thm t mt nc vng thm nc, mt nc mng mng, n pellicular front m c voi sng lng c voi xoy, xoy nc gi xoy dng nc xoy, vc xoy nc mc nc xoy cu trc nc xoy

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215 white clay white mica white spots of lime in soil wild relative wilderness wildlife wildlife sanctuaries willy-willy wilting point wind wind abrasion wind carving wind corrasion wind current wind deposition wind deposits wind divide wind drift of ice wind energy wind erosion wind forest strip wind power wind ripple wind shadow wind shift wind stress wind zones wind-borne sediments windbreak wind-drift current wind-driven waves wind-feceted stone wind-ga(u)ge wind-gap wind-grooved stone wind-induced current wind-induced surge winding of river window wind-polished stone windrose windrose wind-scoured basin windward coast windward slope t st trng mica trng, muscovit, n muscovite kt hch vi trng trong th nhng quan h hoang di, ngun gc hoang di vng hoang d, vng b hoang thin nhin hoang d, ng vt hoang d, sinh vt hoang d khu bo tn thin nhin hoang d xoy thun nhit i im kh ho (khi lng m trong t rt thp) gi mi mn do gi, n wind corasion, wind carving gm mn do gi gm mn gi dng chy do gi, n wind-drift current, wind-induced current tch t do gi trm tch gi ng phn gi bng tri do gi nng lng gi xm thc gi bng rng chng gi nng lng gi gn sng do gi ni kn gi, ni khut gi s o hng gi ng sut gi cc i gi trm tch do gi, trm tch ngun gc gi di rng chn gi, hng cy chn gi dng chy do gi sng do gi gy nn cui hoang mc, n windkanter my o gi, trm o gi o gi, n passage (rng ti 10 kmv hn na) b gi mi mn, n ventifact dng chy do gi nc dng do gi, nc dn do gi khc ngot ca dng sng ca s b gi mi nhn, n ventifact hoa gi hoa gi bn thi mn, trng thi mn b n gi sn n gi

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216 winged headland winter winter flood winter solstice wintergreen plant Wirthian theory of urbanism Wisconsin Ice Age wise use of wetland wolframine wolframite wood woody plant world atlases World Bank World Conservation Monitoring Centre World Conservation Strategy World Environment Day World Food Program World Industry Council on the Environment World Meteorological Organization World Ocean world population World Resources Institute World Summtit for Global warming World Watch Institute WTO (World trade Organization) wulfenite Wurm Ice Age WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) mi t dng i cnh ma ng; (thuc v) ma ng l ng ng ch thc vt khng rng l ma ng, thc vt thng xanh l thuyt th ha Wirthi k bng h Wisconsin s dng hp l t ngp nc wolframin, tungstit, n tungstite; wolframit, n wolframite wolframit, , wolfram, n wolfram, wolframine, tobacco jack g; rng; thc vt cy g atlas th gii Ngn hng Th gii Trung tm Gim st Bo tn Th gii Chin lc Bo tn Th gii Ngy Mi trng Th gii Chng trnh Lng thc Th gii Hi ng Cng nghip Th gii v Mi trng T chc Kh tng Th gii i dng Th gii dn s th gii, dn c th gii Vin Ti nguyn Th gii Hi ngh Thng nh Ton th gii v Nng ln ton cu Vin Tm nhn Th gii T chc Thng mi Th gii vulfenite, qung ch mu vng, n yellow lead ore k bng h Wurm (Pleistocen mun) Qu Quc t v Bo v Thin nhin

X
(24 mc t) x twin law x-acline B twin law xalostocile xanthosiderite x-Carlsbad twin law xenogenous lut song tinh x ( felspat) lut song tinh B trc x khng xin granat mu hng, xalostocit, lanerit, n landerite xanthosiderit, goethit, n goethite lut song tinh x - Carlsbad biu sinh, n epigenetic

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217 xenolith xenology xenomorphic xenomorphism xenon-age method xerarch xeric xeromorphic xerophils xerophobous xerophytes xerophytization xerosere xerotherm xerothermic Xerothermic period xylith xylophages th t, th ngoi lai, xenolit nh tui bng xenon, s xc nh tui bng xenon tha hnh, n allotriomorphic, anidiomorphic, leptomorphic hin tng tha hnh php tnh tui bng xenon din th kh hn kh hn (thuc) dng chu hn (v thc vt) thc vt a kh hn n xerophilous k kh hn thc vt chu kh hn, n eremophytes s thch nghi vi iu kin kh hn din th kh hn thc vt chu nng hn kh hu kh nng; kh hu kh nng sau bng h thi k kh nng sau bng h (than) xylit (mt loi than la di) ng vt n g

Y
(25 mc t) yaila yardangs Yarmouth Interglacial year yellow earth yellow soils yellow substance yellow-brown soils yellow-cinnamonic subtropical soils yernik yield ng c vng cao yardang, rnh thi mn trong st sa mc k gian bng Yarmut Bc M (= Mindel-Riss) nm 1. hong th, t vng; 2. t bt vng, n yellow ochre (hn hp limonit, st v silic, dng lm bt mu) t vng, n yellow earths, zheltozems cht mu vng (trong nc bin, do cht mn a t lc a ti) t vng - nu t vng - nu cn nhit i yernik (qun x thc vt ln cn cc hoc ni cao) chy do, bin dng do, sn lng ~ of well lng chy thot ca ging ~ point im chy do ~ strain bin dng chy do ~ stress ng sut chy do coarse coal ~ sn lng than th overall ~ tng sn lng ni un np tr a hnh tr ni tr n youthful mountains nn tr giai on tr (ca a hnh), n topographic ~

young fold mountain youngland young mountains young platform youth

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218 youthful mountains youthful valley Ypresian ni tr, n young mountains thung lng tr bc, k Ypres (thuc Paleogen, u Eocen)

Z
(65 mc t) Zechstein sebra dolomite sebra layering sebra limestone sebra rock zenith Zechstein (phn v a tng c in c, gn ng vi Permi thng) dolomit vn vn phn lp vn vi vn vn vn thin nh ~ distance khong cch thin nh astronomic (al) ~ thin nh thin vn geocentric ~ thin nh a tm spheroidal ~ thin nh trc a zeolit mt bng vnh cu, mt chn 0o kinh tuyn 0, kinh tuyn gc s 0 ca thc o, mc s 0 trm o mc nc bin qun th n nh s lng, qun th khng tng trng b bin phi nng lng (sng v b di 3 m) khng trng lng (trng thi) th st, n witness rock t vng, n yellow soils, yellow earths np un gp khc km, c cha km sphalerit, sulfur km smitsonit, n smithsonit qung km kv.zinvaldit zircon, hyacint, jacint, n hyacinth, jacinth zirconi, Zr Hong o nh sng Hong o kv. zoisit (thuc nhm epidot) tnh phn i hon lu i, hon lu hng v tuyn dng i (hi lu v dng kh t Ty sang ng v t ng sang Ty) ho thch ch th i ch s hon lu i m hnh a i

zeolite zero curtain zero meridian zero of gauge zero population growth zero-energy coast zero-gravity zeuge zheltozems zigzag fold zinc zinc blend zinc spar zincous ores zinnwaldite zircon zirconium Zodiac zodiacal light zoisite zonal zonal circulation zonal flow zonal guide fossil zonal index of circulation zonal model

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219 zonal soils zonal structure zonal vegetation zonal winds Zonda zone zone of ablation of glacier zone of aeration zone of assimilation zone of discard zone of minerallization zone of overlap zone of percolation zone of saturation zone of snow supply zone of transition zone of uplift zone of weathhering zone time zones of circulation zones of vegetation zoning zoobenthos zoochores zoogenic rock, zoogenous rock zoogeographical maps zoogeography zooplankton Zyrianka Ice Age t a i cu trc i, phn i, n zoning thc vt a i gi a i gi Zonda (gi phn Achentina) i, vng i bng tan i thong kh i ng ha vng b khng i khong ho i chng ph i thm lu, i thm i bo ha i cung cp tuyt i chuyn tip i nng i phong ho gi a phng (tnh theo mi gi) cc i hon lu cc i thc vt phn i, cu trc i, n zonal structure h ng vt y, thc vt pht tn nh ng vt, n zoochorous plants ngun gc ng vt bn a l ng vt mn a l ng vt ng vt ph du k bng h Zyrianka (70-10 nghn nm trc)

219