GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History

Student Activity Sheet # 12

Name: Arly Claire M. Cepada Class Number: 05-2223-001864

Section: BSA-A2 Schedule: Every Wednesday Date: April 5, 2023

Introduction
While the previous discussion covered the first phase of the Philippine Revolution, this discussion will
tackle the second phase. The second phase started when the Americans showed their true intentions
in coming to the Philippines. This lesson will discuss the factors that led the Filipino-American War.
Most importantly, it will discuss the factors which led to the defeat of the Filipinos and the failure of
the Revolution.
LESSON TARGETS
1. I can enumerate the events which led to the Filipino-American War.
2. I can understand the factors which caused the failure of the Philippines Revolution.

LESSON REVIEW/PREVIEW
Activity 1. Pretest
Number the following events in accordance to its proper sequence.
2 1. Cry of the Pugad Lawin
3 2. Tejeros Convention
5 3. Exile to Hongkong
1 4. Rizal’s arrest
4 5. Biak-na-Bato Agreement

Activity 2. Hook Activity

While on Hongkong, Aguinaldo was approached by United States officials who ensured him of their
support. He thought United States would serve as a valuable ally against the Spaniards. I f you were
Aguinaldo, would you trust the United States? Answer briefly in three to five sentence only.

 He trusted the United States in order for the Philippines to have more allies. But if I were him, I
would the same thing. Because I think he has a deep reason on trusting the United States. He
knows that there will be a high possibilities to defeat the Spaniards by having sufficient weapons
and allies.

Activity 4. Practice Exercise

Answer the following questions. Explain each in just one paragraph, minimum of three sentences and
maximum of five sentences.

1. Why did Aguinaldo trust the United States?

 Aguinaldo was led to believe that since Philippines and the United States were fighting the
same enemy, they could be allies. Aguinaldo was also lured by the promises of the United States.
He believed that the Americans had good intention and will not invade their country.

2. Why did the elites immediately go to the side of the United States?
 When the war erupted, Americans were triumph battles after battles. The American military
offered an opportunity for the Filipino elites. They offered autonomy to the Philippines, it means
that the Philippines can still hold government positions even if it is under the American invasion.
After a lots of American triumph, without a doubt they succumbed to the offer of the Americans
in order for them to gain power and save themselves.
3. Why was the United States interested in occupying the Philippines?
 The United States did not invade the Philippines out of nowhere. Occupying the Philippines
would be a good opportunity to include their products on the market. Philippine had also rich and
fertile lands where they produces sugar and other raw materials. According to the perspective of
the Americans, having a military based at the Philippines could easily attack other areas in Asia.

4. What were the reasons why the Revolution failed? Give three and explain each.
 The Revolution failed because it was badly led. Its leader won his post by reprehensible rather
than meritorious acts. He chose to serve his self -interests instead of the interests of the Filipino
people.Second, the Philippine Revolution also failed because, although they were successful in no
longer having Spanish control of the Philippines, the United States annexed the islands at the end
of the Spanish American War. While fighting against Spaniards, the Americans prepared their
invasion after the defeat of the Spaniards. Lastly, the Filipinos slowly lose their desire to fight
valiantly.

Activity 5. Guided Practice

Answer the following questions thoroughly in five to ten sentences.
1. How did the reform movement lead to establishment of Katipunan?
 The works of the reformists enlightened more Filipinos about the reality of Spanish tyranny in
the country. When the reform movement failed, Filipinos realized that peaceful ways to change
society was futile. Hence, they realized that a revolution was the only choice they had. This led to
the establishment of the Katipunan.

2. What were the aims of the Katipunan?

 Katipunan had three vital goals: political, moral and civic. Firstly, it aimed for the separation of
the Philippines and Spain , that is total independence. Philippines should be led by Filipinos
themselves.This was different from the goal of assimilation of the reformists. Secondly,
Katipunan wanted to teach good manners, hygiene and morality to the people. It was envisioned
to be a sort of brotherhood/ sisterhood rather than mere organization. Lastly, it aimed to be an
association that helps each member and protects the oppressed and the poor.

3. What happened to the Revolution after the Tejeros Convention?

 After the Tejeros Convention, the revolution was already being driven by erstwhile reformists
and middle-class members who were earlier opposed to the revolution. Instead of pursuing
revolution to achieve the country's independence from Spain, the new leaders tried to end the
revolution by entering into an agreement negotiations with the Spaniards.

4. What was the implication of the Biak-na-Bato agreement?

 It was an affront to Katipunan and Bonifacio's original goals. Because it relinquished the
revolution in exchange for payment from the Spaniards, it constituted a betrayal of the
Philippine Revolution.

Activity 5. Guided Practice

Form a chart or diagram using the words in the box below. Explain it briefly in not more than 10
sentences.
 The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898, marking the
end of Spanish colonization in the Philippines. However, the United States took possession of the
Philippines under the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. The Philippine-American War broke
out in 1899, when Filipino revolutionaries led by Emilio Aguinaldo rebelled against American
colonial rule. The war lasted for three years and resulted in the capture of Aguinaldo on March
23, 1901. During the revolution, Filipino revolutionaries established the Biak-na-bato Republic in
1897-1898 as a provisional government, but it was short-lived due to the signing of the Pact of
Biak-na-bato. The Philippine Declaration of Independence and the Biak-na-bato Republic marked
the beginning of the Filipino struggle for freedom, while the Philippine-American War,
Aguinaldo's capture, and the Treaty of Paris marked the end of Spanish rule and the beginning of
American colonial rule in the Philippines.

Activity 6. Windshield Check

Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if not.

TRUE 1. The Treaty of Paris transferred the sovereignty of the Philippines from Spain to United
States.
FALSE 2. Antonio Luna was assassinated by the Americans.
FALSE 3. United States never wanted to invade the Philippines.
FALSE 4. United States recognized Philippine independence after the defeat of Spain.
FALSE 5. The elites never wanted to conflict in order to save the lives of the Filipinos.
TRUE 6. The Americans offered autonomy.
TRUE 7. The Treaty of Paris was an agreement where United States bought the Philippines from
Spain.
FALSE 8. Apolonario Mabini was sympathetic to the elites.
FALSE 9. The Revolution was successful
TRUE10. The capture of Aguinaldo signaled defeat of the Filipinos against the Americans.

Activity 7. Contemplation
Identify three lessons you think the youth should learn from the entire Philippine Revolution, both
against Spain and United States. How can each of these lesson help improve our society today? Fill out
the table below .

LESSON FROM THE REVOLUTION HOW CAN IT HELP US TODAY?

Freedom is worth fighting
Not to trust people easily
We can do so much when we’re united.
As long you are not doing wrong to their people it
is okay to sometimes take risks.
Nowadays, it is hard to put trust on people. It’s
either they will leave or betray. By these lesson,
people put this on the back of their heads .
Ask your youngsters what they can accomplish on
their own. Then, ask them what they can do if
 they have companions who share their ambitions.
Tell them that the revolution demonstrated what
Filipinos can accomplish when they work
together. Because of their strong yearning for
change, millions of Filipinos banded together,
supported one another, and forced a dictator to
resign.

Activity 8. 3-2-1 Chart

What are the 3 things you have learned in this lesson?Explain.

I’ve learned how the United States lured Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo believed that the United States had
good intentions because he thought they’re allies in defeating Spain.
I’ve also learned about the reasons behind on failing the Revolution. Lastly, the factors after the failure
of the Revolution.
What are the 2 things you found interesting in this lesson? Why did you find them interesting?
The two lesson I found interesting is that there is a moral on these. And it is to “don’t easily trust on
people doing good at you.”
What is 1 question you still have? What will you do to find the answer to this question?
None so far. I’ve fully understand the topics.