1. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets, Use the present perfect. 1 Poor Jeff. He {oreak his arm 2 Look! The sun {come out) 3 Join (not visit aly. 4 Ohdear! (lose) my dictionary, 5 We {hat finish) our homework 6 Hany (oot read) the Hunger Games books, but he'd ike to 2 Complete the postcard with the present perfect form of, the verbs below. be be buy go notgo netrain take visit Dear Amy, Wet___ inthe USA for two weeks, The weather? fantastic— it’ once! We! twocttes San Diego and Los Angeles Now we're in an Frncoo Kiva great ey We Amy White : shopping end 20 Oxi Road ae sy | Abinto Tapes wtih | Se r upload tomy Blog late. We to Aleta island yet wee gong there tomorrow, 'm really looking forward to it Love, Rose 3 Hannah is on holiday in Greece. Write questions and answers about the things she has and has net done. 1 visit Athens x 2 spend lots af money ¥ 3 gowindsurfing ¥ 4 read lots of books x 5 swim inthe seav 6 send many postcards X Present perfect vs past simple can talk about recent events using the past simple and the present perfect. 1 Has she visited Athens? No, she hasnt 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 ? Complete the sentences with has / have been, has / have gone or went. 1 Lucy isn’t at home, She's gone to the sports centte. 2 We haven't hada holiday this year, but last year we toBrazll 3 We've got alenty of food — supermarket yesterday. 4 She knows Madrid very well. She there lots of times since she moved to Spain 5 love water sports, different countries. Thope Toby is enjoying the summer. He. totaly for six weeks. tothe surfing in lots of Complete the mini-dialogues. Use the correct present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1A ever (you / have) a iota in Turkey? B Yes, (spend) two weeks there ast year A Which ites (you vist? B only two. We (star) in stanbul and then, (travel) to lzmir. 2A ever (you /try) an extreme sport? B No, |. But | (learn) to ski last winter A Really? (you /enjoy) it? B Yes,1 infact yesterday | (000K) my next skiing holiday! BA ever (you / go) on a coach tour B Yes, we. We (go) across tine USA by coach last July A How long, (it take? B Three weeks We (stop) at lots of interesting places on the way. aa ever, (you feat) insects? B Yes, T (buy) a bag of Insects as a snack in Thailand. But | (not enjay) them very much Uni? Tourism EDHERZEA write complete sentences. Use the present perfect and the past simple. : 1 You / be / tired / all day. What time / you / go to bed / last night? : You've, been tired. all day. What time. did wow, gp, bed last night? 2 Francis / leave / home / 6 o'clock this morning. He / drive /since then, Francis, left home, at. 6, o'clock. this, morning. He, has. been, driving since. then... 3. Brasilia / the capital of Brazil / since 1960. Before 1960, Rio definei / the capital 4 Carol / move / to Oxford / in 1975. She / live / in Oxford / since 1975. 5 [/not/ see / the new manager / yet. When / she / start working for the company? 6 You / speak / good French / on the telephone / yesterday. How long / you / learn / it? 7 Paula and Laurence / be / married / since last year. They / meet / at university. 8 Peter / never / try / japanese food, He / go Japan / last year but he / eat / hamburgers 9 / break my arm / six months ago. I/ use /a computer for my work / since then, “ 10 My brother / be / a professional footballer / since 1994, But when he / be / younger he / not / like / sport very much, BBREGH Put the verb in the present perfect or the past simple. Here is the six o'clock news from ITC, on Monday the 25th April. Our reporter in Nepal 1 telephoned... (telephone) us ten minutes ago and @ Said. (ay) that Jane Tomkins and her partrier, Ann Beckett, are on top of the world today. ‘They ° (reach) the top of Mount Everest half hour ago. Our reporter spoke to another climber on the expedition, REPORTER: Are Jane and Ann still on the top of Mount Everest? CLIMBER: No, they @ (start) their return journey. REPORTER: How long is) they nenesn (Spend) up there? CLIMBER: About 10 minutes. They (take) some photographs of each other. REPORTER: Are they in good health? CLIMBER: Well, they're both tired, but they're fine. But there is one problem: the weather ® (change). There is more cloud and the wind is quite strong. 26Last night, Manchester United (win) the football league championship. The team @) (win) the championship three times now — the first time (1 (be) in 1986, In their final game yesterday, Bryan RAGS (11) oeeceennneenrnnnenrnennnnns (COTE) the Winning goal. Riggs «2 (be) with the team since he «13 (leave) school, ‘The President of Volponia, Madame Fernoff, (19 won (attive) in Britain last night. Madame Fernoff 15) w- (be) President since 1985, She said she was very happy to be in Britain, At yesterday's meeting of European finance ministers, Jack Delaney, the Irish Finance Minister, ry (say), ‘Tam going to leave my job soon. I “ (work) very hard and I want to spend more time with my family’ Mr Delaney (19 (be) Irish Finance Minister for 5 years. And the weather. We 9) (have) a lot of rain over the country since the beginning of the week and unforcunately this will continue until the weekend, For your information, last week o; (be) the wettest April week for 100 years. BETI Complete the dialogues. Use the present perfect or the past simple of the verbs'in brackets ( ). 1 cLaRE: Have... you Seen... (see) John? COLIN: No, why? CLARE: He’. broken... (break) his leg. COLIN: Really? When did. he de.. (do) chat? CLARE: Yesterday. 2 apam: Ohno! I (lose) my car keys. Tony: When you last (Gee) them? apam: This morning when (leave) the honse. 3 mary: — Alan's going to sell his car SIMON: Really? He only... (buy) ic last month. MARY: — I know. He loves changing cars. SIMON: How many cars he (have) in his life? MARY: At least 20! 4 BEN: Can Tlook at the newspaper, plese VAL: Ina minute. [... su (ot / finish) with it yet. BEN: You're very slow. You cman (Start) it this morning after breakfast! > 5 JULIA: — There was a good programme on ‘TV last night about elephants. Wenn YOU sonnei ($88) 12 Sarai Yes, it was wonderful. you ever (see) a live elephant? Juua: — Yes, and 1. (touch) one, too. SARAH: When (be) that? Juun: ‘Two years ago when I , (be) on holiday in Kenya. 6 varricK: Connie looks really fed up. What's the matter? Jost: She oni (fail) her driving test yesterday. PATRICK: Not again! How many times she (fail)? joste: [think its four.; ,¥ To report what someone else said Grammar Reported speech Example ‘My dad said that he'd written a song. Form Direct Reported spec present simple past simple ‘want to build a new house," said Jill. ill said she wanted to build a new house. present continuous Past continuous ‘We are making a dress,’ they said. present perfect continuous ‘have been drawing all day,’ said Debbie. past simple ‘Jim made a card for me yesterday,’ Amy said. past continuous ‘Iwas writing a poem,’ said Tina, will ‘Lwill make you a scarf,’ my grandma said. am/is/are going to 7 _‘They are going to make a new one,’ said Joe. can ‘Ian draw quite well’ Emma said. They said they were making a dress. past perfect continuous Debbie said she had been drawing all day. past perfect simple Amy said Jim had made a card for her the day before, past perfect continuous Tina said she had been writing a poem. would My grandma said she would make me a scarf. wasAwere going to Joe said they were going to make a new one. could Emma said she could draw quite well. must / have to had to “You have to visit the fashion show,’ she said. She said we had to visit the fashion show. may might ‘I may visit the White House next week,’ said Polly. Polly said she might visit the White House the following weet “ery We often have to change other words apart from the verb form. pronouns time and place el = he/she * here - * you = Vme/theythem + now 8 = swe = they + tomorrow = sus = them * tonight = ¢my = his/her * your = my/their m (eaten) there next week = the following week then/at that moment © yesterday — the day before the next day + last week = the week before that night + ago = before ‘+ We only make tense changes when the reporting verb (say, etc) is in the past. 2/4 Tony says he is going to study architecture. ved e Z ‘* We don't change the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous. v ‘had seen the picture before.’ = He said he had seen the picture before. © We also don't change would, should, could and might. ¥ ‘I might take up painting.’ = She said she might take up painting. + We can use verbs like apologise, deny, promise, refuse and suggest in reported speech. v Jan apologised for losing the picture. Y Charlotte refused to let me see her painting. v He denied breaking the statue. ¥ My dad suggested going to an art gallery. ¥ Terence promised to help me decorate the house. 130A 1 ‘ma big fan of U2,’ Derek said. Derek said he a big fan of U2. Awas B has been C had been 2. ‘We're watching TV,’ said the twins, The twins said they A watched B were watching Chad watched 3 "You've been annoying me all day!’ my mum said My mum said | A annoyed B was annoying Chad been annoying 4 ‘The dog ate my homework!’ said Ivan. van said the dog........ .. his homework. Awas eating B had eaten Chas eaten a o ~ her all day. cy his their_+ them + there 1 ‘Tm seeing Simon tomorrow,’ Mary said. Mary said she was seeing Simon 2 ‘We moved into the area two years ago,’ Bella said Bella said they had moved into the area two years 3. ‘Our teacher is giving us a test! said Michelle. Michelle said their teacher was giving... 4. 'My dad gave me fifty pounds!’ said Neil. Neil said 5 ‘I scored a great goal yesterday,’ Marina said. Marina said she had scored a great goal 6 ‘We saw our cousin at the fair,’ said Ben. Ben said they had seen .... 7 ‘left my wallet here,’ Frank said. Frank said he had left his wallet 8 ilsleep well tonight! said Arnie. Arnie said he would sleep well Reported speech Unit ‘At one o'clock, | was having lunch,’ said Moll. Molly said she .... _. lunch at one o'clock. Ahad been having Bhas had Cis having ‘You'll get wet without an umbrella,’ Dad said. Dad said |... wet without an umbrella. Awill be getting B got C would get ‘He can juggle five balls!’ said Angie. Angie said he five balls. A juggled B would juggle C could juggle ‘You must give me your essays,’ Mrs Vine said. Mrs Vine said we give her our essays. Awere having to B had to C would have to ng the words and phrases in the boxes. | before + that night » the day before » the next day | atest. dad had given him fifty pounds. cousin at the fair. 131132 Unit 3 w a o ny w s a a N ny wo 5 a Grammar mista frsccon ten e corre ‘There's a mouse in the kitchen!’ said Martha. Martha said there had been a mouse in the kitchen. ‘We've won every match this year,’ Amy said. Amy said they won every match that year. a ‘I broke my leg two weeks ago,’ said Spencer. Spencer said he had broken his leg two weeks ago. ong ‘We'd heard the song before,’ Rory said. Rory said he had heard the song before. ‘Ive been working since four o'clock,’ said Dad Dad said he was working since four o'clock. ‘We're spending tomorrow by the swimming pool,’ Belinda said. Belinda said they have spent the next day by the swimming pool. ..... h se e the word e it has a similar : five words. ‘Im going to bake a cake,’ said Mum. she Mum said .. to bake a cake. ‘Richard has passed his driving test, Andy said. passed Andy said conus his driving test ‘We're staying in tonight to watch TY,” Jim said. that Jim said they snnsnsnninenn tO Watch TV. ‘tm thinking of going on a diet, said George. he George said of going on a diet. ‘My sister lived in Russia for a year,’ Carol said. lived Carol said coos iM RUSSia for a year. ‘| went snowboarding last year,’ Jil said. year Jill said she soon before. ‘Til call you tomorrow,’ Karl said to me. next Karl said he day. ‘We're flying home next week,’ said Arthur. the Arthur said they week. write entences in reported speech us he verb given. "tm sorry | told everyone your secret, my sister ssid. apologised ‘I didn’t give the money to John,’ said Ali. denied ‘MM love you forever! Francis said to Eizabeth, - promised ‘No, | wort open the door! said Mandy, refused ‘Why don't we give Jenny a call?’ Albert said. suggested