BSTAT 1

- Collect data
- Sort data
- Present data
- Analyze
- Turn it into info
- Predict future
 Inform decision-making.
Descriptive statistics: related to collecting. With this sample, you will make a prediction for whole population =>
Inferential statistics.
Module 0: Organizing & Presenting data
Quantitative data: have the units, measurement: 1,2,3,7
Categorical data: characteristics of genders, colors => different categories: 3,4,5,6
*Age: the units is ‘years old’ => age: quantitative
*Age group: categorical data
Sample is some part of the population (statistics)
Population (parameters)
Module 1: Descriptive Statistics
Histogram shows frequency distribution.
Mean: is the average. (Using the function average in Excel)
Median:
1 2 4 8 9 => median: 3rd place: 4
1 4 4 6 8 11=> median: 3.5th place: 5
Mode: appears frequently.
Median is not sensitive to the outliers because it ranked similarly but the mean will change due to the value.
Quartiles: divided the value into 4 segments. Quartiles are a type of percentile. The first quartile (Q1, or the lowest
quartile) is the 25th percentile, meaning that 25% of the data falls below the first quartile. The second quartile (Q2,
or the median) is the 50th percentile, meaning that 50% of the data falls below the second quartile.

HOW WE FIND THE RANK OF THE VALUE

Q1: 1*(n+1)/4 => 25%
Q2: 2*(n+1)/4 => 50%
Q3: 3*(n+1)/4 => 75%
Range: is the simplest measure of variation.
Range = X largest – X smallest
IQR = Q3 -Q1
Outliers:
• A common rule is to use IQR to identify outliers.
• An observation is a suspected outlier if:
Observation value < Q1 – 1.5*IQR Or Observation value > Q3 + 1.5*IQR
The sample standard deviation: