What is the scientific definition of work when

a constant force acts in the direction of

displacement?

A) Work = Force - Displacement

B) Work = Force / Displacement
C) Work = Force × Displacement
D) Work = Force + Displacement जब कोई स्थिर बल विथिापन की विशा में कार्य
करता है तो कार्य की िैज्ञावनक पररभाषा क्या है ?

ए) कार्य = बल - विथिापन
बी) कार्य = बल/विथिापन
सी) कार्य = बल × विथिापन
डी) कार्य = बल + विथिापन
What are the units of work in the International System of Units (SI)?

A) Newton-Metre (N m)
B) Joule (J)
C) Both A and B
D) Kilogram-Metre (kg m)

अं तर्रा ष्ट्रीय इकरई प्रणरली (SI) में करया की इकरइयराँ क्यर हैं ?

ए) न्यूटन-मीटर् (एनएम)
बी) जूल (जे)
सी) ए और् बी दोनों
डी) ककलोग्ररम-मीटर् (ककलो मीटर्)
How is the unit of energy related to the unit of work?

A) The unit of energy is Newton-Metre (N m).

B) The unit of energy is Watt (W).
C) The unit of energy is Joule (J), the same as that of work.
D) The unit of energy is Coulomb (C).
ऊजाय की इकाई कार्य की इकाई से वकस प्रकार संबंवित है ?

ए) ऊजाय की इकाई न्यूटन-मीटर (एनएम) है ।

बी) ऊजाय की इकाई िाट (डब्ल्यू) है ।
सी) ऊजाय की इकाई जूल (जे) है , जो कार्य की इकाई के
समान है ।
डी) ऊजाय की इकाई कूलम्ब (सी) है ।
In what ways can potential energy be present in an object?**
A) Only due to its speed
B) Only due to its mass
C) Only due to its position or configuration
D) Due to both its position or configuration and its motion

2. **ककसी वस्तु में स्थिकतज ऊजरा ककस प्रकरर् मौजूद हो सकती है ?**
A) केवल इसकी गकत के करर्ण
B) केवल इसके द्रव्यमरन के करर्ण
C) केवल इसकी स्थिकत यर कवन्यरस के करर्ण
डी) इसकी स्थिकत यर कवन्यरस और् इसकी गकत दोनों के करर्ण
Which of the following is an example of potential energy?**
A) A moving car
B) Stretched rubber band
C) A spinning top
कनम्नकलस्ित में से कौन स्थिकतज ऊजरा कर
D) A boiling kettle
उदरहर्ण है ?**
ए) एक चलती हुई करर्
बी) फैलर हुआ र्बर् बैंड
ग) एक घूमतर हुआ शीर्ा
डी) एक उबलती केतली
Carbon
• Carbon is a non-metallic element, which is located in group-14
and group-2 in the modern periodic table. Its atomic number is 6.
• Carbon is the element with the largest number of compounds. All
living organisms are carbon based.
• Only 0.02 percent carbon is present in the earth's crust in the
form of minerals (such as carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, coal
and petroleum) and 0.03 percent carbon dioxide is present in the
atmosphere.
Allotropes of Carbon
The element carbon is found in nature in a variety of forms with many physical
properties that differ depending on the way its atoms are bonded to each other.
These different forms are called alloforms of carbon. There are various allotropes
of carbon – diamond, graphite, fullerene etc.
Diamond
• Each carbon atom in diamond is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming
a rigid three-dimensional structure.
• Due to the special three dimensional structure, diamond is extremely hard
(the hardest substance known so far).
• It is used for drilling rocks, cutting glass etc.
• Diamond is chemically very less reactive. It is a bad conductor of electricity.
• The refractive index of diamond is high
Graphite
• Graphite is chemically similar to diamond, which is pure carbon, but the
molecular structure of graphite and diamond is completely different.
Because of this their physical properties are different.
• Graphite is a good conductor of heat and also a good conductor of
electricity. It is used to make electrodes in dry cells.
• It is less reactive chemically. Its melting point is also high. That's why it is
used in making crucible.
• Graphite is soft. Pencil lead is made of graphite. Graphite is used as a
moderator in nuclear reactors.
A moderator is a material used in a nuclear reactor to
slow down the neutrons produced from fission.