THE SOLAR SYSTEM The family of the Sun is known as the solar system. It consists of the Sun, eight planets, about 100 known satellites, like the Moon, and numerous asteroids, meteors and comets. The Sun is the largest member of the solar system. The eight planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Sacurn, Uranus and Neptune. OMercury Le. In the given diagram, mark and label these planets. 1. Earth’ ewin 2. Blue planet 3. Red planet 4. Twin giantsLATITUDES AND LONGITUDES A globe has two sets of circles. In one set, the circles run from east to west. These circles are called th, parallels. The parallels divide the Earth into three heat zones ~ the Torrid Zone, the Temperate Zone and the Frigid Zone. In the second set, the circles run from north to south and pass through the pol ‘The semi-circles between the North Pole and the South Pole ate called the metidians. The network of parallels and meridians is called the Earth’s grid. It is used to locate any place on the Barth, PARALLELS South Pole HEAT ZONESLATITUDES AND LONGITUDES In the given diagrams, mark and label the following. 1, Parallels - Tropic of Cancer, Arctic Circle and North Pole 2. Heat zones 3. Meridians — Prime Meridian, 60° W and 60° E 4, 23° N 32° E and 07° S 60° WPHENOMENON OF SEASONS The Earth has two types of motions — rotation and revolution. The movement of the Earth on its axis from west to east is called rotation, The movement of the Earth around the Sun in its orbit is called revolution, The change of seasons is due to the revolution of the Earth and the inclination of the Earths axis. The diagram given below shows the position of the Earth on four selected days, ic. 21 March, 21 June, 23 September and 22 December. In the given diagram, write the dates on which the Earth is in these positions. 1 Lond at Northern spring Southern autumnal equinox Northern summer Northern winter solstice solstice ‘Southern winter solsticeCONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS shape of features such as mountains, ‘There is not enough space on a map to show the actual size and ings are used (0 rivers, lakes, bridges, and so on. Thus, different colours, signs, symbols and lecter ‘Show such features on a map. These different signs, symbols and letterings used on a map are called Gonventional signs and symbols. There is an agreement among countries of the world about the tise of common colours, signs and symbols, For example, blue is always used to show water bodies and green is used to show the plains. Look at the conventional signs and symbols. Write what they stand for on the blanks. Choose from the box. intemational boundary metalled road railway line ~ broad gauge river tubewell church grass post office footpath with bridge mosque uunmetalled road tank canal well telegraph office fore state boundary temple graves police station [atbled sted a Load ‘Un- rah/hd food > fae = —teatalh wth Pudge a — Tap Ll! i $ thunk ~*s WORLD Continents and Oceans ‘The luge landmasses ae called continents while the lg water bodies ae called oceans. The seven coninens are Asa, ica, North America South America, Antarctica, Europe and Aust, The five ocans at the Pai Ocean, Adantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and the Anatteor the Southern Ocean, ‘ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN Poe norm 5" worth Piciric | AMERICA ATUANT ocean 7 ee. mec x ed sourn Senn arianric ocean WORLD Continents and Oceans (On the given outline map of the world, mark and label the fllowing. 1. Continents ~ Aca, Europe, Amarctica, Australi, South America, Asi, North America 2, Oceans ~ Adancc Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean, Indian OceanWORLD Major Mountain Ranges ‘The landmass which se more than 900 m above the sea level are clled mountains. They are the highest landforms on the Earth, A mountain range i system of mountains and hills having peaks and valleys, aranged ina line. On te basis of oxgin, mountains ar gene classified into fold mountains, block mountains and woleanic mountains ARCTIC OCEAN ARETIC OCEAN North PACIFIC ‘Ocean sour aA ATLANTIC = ‘cou OCEAN ocean \ flonan hanna gee a oe a SOUTHERN OCEAN WORLD Major Mountain Ranges | (On the given map of the world, label the mountain ranges.LOCATION OF INDIA IN THE WORLD. India i located in the Northern and astern Hemispheres tis situated in the southern pare of Asa, tthe head of the Indian Ocean, has, it has a favourable locaton with respect international trade and comers, The oficial ame of Indi is dhe Republic of India. ‘With scot area of about 3.28 milion square kilomettes, India isthe seventh-largest country inthe word leis also the second-most populous country inthe word after China, ARCTIC OCEAN arbanTic s/ ocean wortH Paciric ) ATLANTIC Ocean LOCATION OF INDIA IN THE WORLD On the given map of the world, mark and label the following, 1. Counties which are larger chan India 2. The ocean which is tothe south of India and shares is name with the countryINDIA. INDIA Bent and is Ng Reena Extent and its Neighbours “Themis faxed gly even 84° i a nan 6m he given map of India, mark and label the flowing thenon and been 67" one ee ease nea 299 kin. Pk, 1. China a ace er eee ee rena amar nacre Slanhnanl 3 ian = atin * Aganian io Maldives are our neighbours across the sea. 3. Bhuean Myanmar 9. Bangladesh 12 Indian Ocean 7, i)INDIA INDIA Political Divisions oo Political Divisions India is divided into eweny-cight states and ne Union Teco including the Nevonal Capital — : Tenner oe tan elapse od Ga he all Ce ie pti map oad, ma and abel he lwig In terms of population, Ur Pras th mos pope see wile Ski i the eas 1 nds Point, Arabian Ses, Bay of Bengal, Kaniyalumarh populted sure. + Suates and Union Territories ~ Kerala, Telangana, Manipur, Gos, Lakshadweep, Chandigarh 5. The capitals of all the above sates and Union TerritoriesINDIA Physical Divisions India can be broadly divided ino che fllowing four physical divisions The northern mountains The peninsular plateaus The northern pins The costal plains and the islands CHINA PAKISTAN INDIA Physical Divisions On the given map of India, mark and label ehese mountains and hill ranges. 1. Four major physical divisions Any’ ewo river that flow through the northern plains 5. Any 0 1s that flow into the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea“0 INDIA INDIA Mountains and Hill Ranges Mountains and Hill Ranges as are located along the nother boundary of India. A stig eastern boundary. The Purvachal Rangey ‘Oa the given map of Indi, label the following 1 Arwalli Range ~ 4 Vindhya Range 5 Shivalik Range — 5. Eastern Ghats ~ = 5 Karskoram Range- 6 Mizo Hills — gi Hille — to. Sarpura Range - 1 Great Himalayan Range 11. Gir Range ~ 9, Zaskar Range 12. Garo Hills ~ The Karakoram Range and the Himal flow hill called the Purvachal Ranges re found along ch include the Garo, Khas, Naga and Mizo hills ar plateau has hill ranges on all its three sides. To the north-west les dhe Aral R “The Westen Ghats andthe Eastern Ghats The peninsl while tothe north-as isthe Rajmabal Hil ine to the west and east respectively. ie i 5: Siwaik Range a io 5 ‘area ie i= ; aRivers and Lakes INDIA Tn tia, a large number of vers oiginate fom the tithe in the Arabian Seu ori the Bay of Bengal. The the Gavi ae some of the important ves ol srouad by land, Some of the important Tako in Iaia ae the Sambar andthe una Picante INDIA Rivers and Lakes ‘Ow the given map of Inia, label these rivers and lakes wh Krishna 1 Periyar = 4 Chamba 7 Wille Lake 10, Ganga ~ 1, Brahmaputra ~ wi —INDIA INDIA ‘Main Sites of Early Humans in Sis Haman beings in the aly stages were hanes, gatherers and romads. Slow ey lett co make ee ee eens oe ey ate, Thine pci dine known 2 the Stone ‘oma ven map of oi, mark and abel any wo sits asec with each ofthe ‘The Sone Aca died io ce pends. are umber fons belonging othe three folowing periods. excavations 1 Paleolithic 2, Mesolithic 2 Nelithie 4. Chaleoithic Some Age period have been found at many sites dingLEY CIVILIZATION in the valley ofthe Indus ever, SITES OF THE INDUS VALI ‘SITES OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION ‘The ies of Hagan Mahe dr cae ia The exaratns he (On the given map, label the Following sites associated with the Indus Valley Civilization, Anche ce i Yo premnni Pite cd edi 1 osha ~ 4 Rupar ~ 7. Dadhei 10, Rangpur ~ revealed hat tis civilization was spre art. 2 Mohenjodato — 5, Kalibangan 8 Rojdi - 11, Harappa — states of Punjab, Haryana, Unar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gi cae ; i aon 5. Kor Dili ~ 6 Deslpur ~ 2 Nl — 12, Rehman Dheri = se paatstan | preg 9 se te mies TRAN,INDIA ee Some of them later becams ‘About 600 CE, many tig Kingdoms devoped nse Gangs sie will. Some fT A Bass owe empire, Tes were eld he aay, Theta mors Po eS ‘he Mahjnapadas In hes entry BCE, ther were ten valley, Each Mahajnapaa had a capital which was getetall | KaMBorAS Teter NDUARA ee ARABIAN, INDIA ‘The Mahajanapadas ‘On the given map of India, mark and abel the following. 1. Mahajanapadas Kuru, Magadha, Vas, Asma, Gandhara, Videha 2 Ancient rowns~ Kurukshetra, Ujayni,Rajagria, Ptaliputra, Keplavasta 3. One ancient town located close tothe Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal coats