A FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL PHASE CHANGE PROBLEMS. Boris Ruaissky Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cafomia, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Ennist G. CRavanto Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts In tue of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (Received 28 January 1981 and in revised form 22. May 1981) NOMENCLATURE specific heat thermal conductty| Intent heat temporal position of the phase font {temperature phase-change temperature; fength thermal difsivity; homogenised temperature density INTRODUCTION A cuanacrensnc of heat taser problems dealing ith Past Sige ie eluence oes nttace pera he hase On this iterie the ate heatasocated with he Fun change tabard or iberned and aa consequcce “Efnet ant proces inne te pate refs othe interzescontnuowsly changing ire Extensive eviews on methods caren in ase forte solution of et taser problemi phav change cn boon neler Sora numeral methods ung the fate skement fom lation hate ben reported inthe tec! erature [3-6] ‘The finite element methods mentioned in references [4-6] employ he entapy method formation and eanno cope withthe ese in which he pate change occurs at pee temperate The purpose othveotes to presenta spl = ‘im procedure une emensor sovng est ane problem in sich the change of ase occu at pec temperature FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM For the sake of simply it ls assumed hat he medium has homogeneous, isotropic thermal properties in each of its ‘thermodynamic states, thatthe change of phase occurs st 8 specie temperature, and that boundary fondtiont of the fst kind are imposed onthe outer surface. This situation is governed by the parabolic equation 2, 270 a aa) where m = 1.2 for the diferent thermodynamic sates and 8. = Ta Tr e ‘The initial eonitions inthe region of interest are Aa(e.0) = Stes % and the boundary conditions on the outer surface Fare natant « Avent sate mpd he ane canine © Thee eo te Purnia ‘The dim, space and the atendant temperature field can be divided into soparametic elements with variable numbers of ‘nodes such that for an element with V nodes, Shs, o and 0= Sha, where x, ae the finite element nodal point coordinates, h, ‘epesens the element interpolation funtions and 0, ae the temperatures atthe element nodes. Then the finite element Formolation ofthe present problem becomes [7p 184] C64 K0=Q, ® where K is the conductivity matrix, Cis the heat capacity ‘matrix, and Qisthe nodal pont heat fw input matrix. Ata Specific ime when the postion ofthe phase ont coincides ‘ith that of a nodal point, ° nodal points When the phase font doesnot coincide with any nodal point o-0. 0) Since itis obvious from a physical point of view thatthe conditions on the phase front, equations (8) and (6, ill continuously afet the temperature distiation im the med- ‘um and that a discontinuity inthe slope ofthe temperature profiles tobe expected atthe phase front, anew scheme i Droposed to implement these facts in the finite element method of Solution, Assume fof the sake of ampli thatthe ‘medium can be modeled by a numberof two-node elements 4s shown in Fig I. (It can be shown that exactly the same procedure can be used for cements of variable nambers of ‘Rodes) The method of solution requires that an adaitional sr1988 1 i 2 bel Fe t Typieal tomode element ogre of freedom tie. node) be introduced to coincide with {ne poston of the phase Wonk at any instant in ime, As He phase front enters the element (ef. Fig), this node is [ssumod fo separate the orginal element into two eiferent ‘ements, consistent withthe phys eect ofthe pase Font The K and C matrices for the two-node element shown i Fig I prior to the entrance of the phase font are yy wy and [es or) shes fay Gn lier the entrance of the phase front into the element in ‘question, new K and C mattices can be computed forthe new ‘ements by any regular method of integration (7). p.1SShit ay ‘we assume that ta certain instant tte (7) the position of the phase front, sf) is know: Hi Mao fa de 0 Ky Rs My | and | dy de Ga) 2) 0 He Ocha Ge [Note that the matrices in equation (12) represent the case ‘ben nodes | and 2 in Fig. 1 do aot belong to the same lenient andthe temperatures in these nodes are not in- t—— Eom - Ge ae (oehige = 1.782 Jiem?K Ipchesnar * 4226 30m? ce = 0.0222 Wiemk Keser 7 000856 Wem C 03 02 DISTANCE OF THE PHASES INTERFACE FROM THE OUTER SURFA‘ 20 ref moore Shorter Communications terdependent. The temperature at node j the postion of the phase ront is knovm tbe zero rom equation (9} Therefore, In order to solve equation (8)for the temperature distibution tthe other nodal pots, is euflet to introduce in the several K and € matrices, the following matrix elements rom equation (12), Ur ed fo" oa] in he place of tho matin elements shown in equation (81) Eunton (cin now be soled by an ofthe usal methods oftltioe (7,8) The sab an convergence wil depend fm the method chosen. Tei obvious that the resating temperate distbuton is consent withthe Boundary endo, eqution (3 Ax the nodal temperate (har found equation (canbe soled ors single element lve! for noe foe Fig. | and austin (2 1 obtain he onto the pase en ate eet me ep > BY sing fo the nodal eat Bus. Qa node J op Set an= so Ce er “Thiserpresion nas obtained byusinga sil Ele foeard interpolation m the energy balance equation (6) Te i- tespotcon vse forthe solton of equation (8) should be compatible wth the oe eed equation (1) "Th temperate dstbution mast now be ound at ine {c+ Sn in ore o contin the tration procedure Soe the described scheme isnt selstarting the poston of he Phase font at the fist tive stp Was found bY US Neuana’s eae slain fra semi-ifie medium [9] a3 an — Neumann Soltion, Enthaipy Mosel (24 Neds), Enihalpy Mode! (St Neds), Fite Difference Perturbation Method Finite Element (11 Nodes), This Work 0 w 30 TIME (10" ze} xa 2, Position ofthe phase front asa function of‘Shorter Communications 1589 STANCE FROM OUTER SIFHCE, Fig. 8 Temperature distribution a5 a function of time SAMPLE SOLUTION ‘Toillustrate the method, the position of the phase front and te temperature distribution wetefound ofa ab-ike region of water with an ial temperature of 10°C when a temper ture of ~ 20°C is applied on the outer surface, Fig. 2. The sab ‘saz modelled by using 10 tmo.node element with atime sep of 40008 In Fig. 2 the postion ofthe phase front obtained here is compared to:an enthalpy model finite element solution using So'and 20 two-node element, witha time step of 200 (6) ‘Neumann's exact solution fora semi-infinite medium (9); finite diference solution, using 20 nodes: and a frstorder perturbation ‘olution [10} Although there # no. exact Solution forthe problem discussed here, its seen that for short time, in which the Neumann's solution is exact, the ‘method of solution presented here gives aa amon dentcal {olution to Neumann's solution, For longer times this Solution compared well with the solution found with the $0 fnuocedle element mesh [6] In Fig. Vit st seem that the temperature distribution obtained by the finite element ‘method compares well wih that obtained by a perturbation ‘method [10], CONCLUSIONS A ft element method for the analysis ft -dimensional ‘change of phase problems bas ben presented. By this method Problems in which the change of phase occurs at specific {Chmperature can he solved. An example has shown tha the results obtained by this method compare well with results found in the iteratue, 10 D.G.Wilson, A.D. Solomon and P.T. Boggs (Editors, ‘Moutng Boundary Problems, Academic Pres (1978). JER. Ockendon and W. R. Hodgkins, (Editors), Moving Boundary Problems in Heat. Flow and. Difusion, (Clarendon Proce, Orford (1975) 0. Zieakiewice, C.J. Parekh and A. J. Wills, The pplication of finite elements to eat conduction prob- lems involing latent beat. Rook Mech S. 65-76 (1973) G.Comini and S.DeIGuidice, Finite element solutions of nor-linear heat conduction problems with special e- ference to phase change, Int J- numer. Methods Engng 8 o1s-004 9/4). K. Morgan, R. W. Lewis and O. C. Zienkiewice, An ‘improved algorithm fr heat conduction problems with hace change, Int J. sumer Methods ng 12, 191-1195 (978) RS. Robertson, Some observations on the enthalpy ‘method toe modified pace change problems. ADINA Users Conference, MAT (aug 1979) KCL Bathe and E. Wilson, Numerical Methods in Fine Element Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood. Cli, New Jersey (1976) 0.°C. Zienkiewicz, The Flute Element Method in Enginering Science, McGraw-Hill, London (1971. M, 9 Carslaw and. 5 argc, Conduction of Hear 0 Solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1973) B. Rubinsky and E.G. Cravalho, Analysis for the temperature distribution daring the thawing ofa omen biological organ, Hear Transfer — San Diego 1979, AICHE. Sympl Ser. 74189), 81-88 (1979)