ey 7 a a = 7 — Manitoba H ydro Place VaCM ean} Carmien mea Ceo amar aT ee ae ‘ ‘ \\) 3 Cereme remo oa er Pee ee eee ee Ere ete mem ee sign. This case study will pro vide a graphic analysis of the changes in climate and an ar- chitectural study of the local eon ae eee eon ge Ree analysis of the Hydro Building \ * ih SL ae soe Fi nmTable of Contents * Introduction + Location * Climate Summary © Bioclimatic Chart + Vernacular + Psychometric Chart + Design Guidelines + Sustainability Features * Evaluation = SummaryIntroduction BUILDING ATAG Name Manitoba Hydro Place Location Winnipeg, Canada Owner Manitoba Hydro Principal Use Corporate Head Office Includes Office space, meeting rooms, conference center. 000 Employees/Occupants Occupancy 100% Gross Square Footage 823,535 Conditioned Space 695,241 Distinctions/Awards 2009 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat—Best Tall Building (Americas) 2010 ArchDaily Best Office Building 2010 Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Urban Design Award 2010 American Institute of Architects COTE Award 2010 Engineers Canada Award Total Cost $283 million CDN Cost Per Square Foot $400 CDN Substantial Completion/ Occupaney Fall 2009“The history of the electrical industry in Manitoba tells the story of expediency, foresight and public responsibility. It began aver a century ago during the pioneer days of street lighting and Street rallway transportation in Winnipeg. Before long, as the novelty of the new energy source gave way to necessity, other large communi ties in the province wanted the benefits that elec- tricity would bring. They received electrical service, but open at very high costs, A few farsighted individuals saw the advantages of large-scale generating facilities. Among them were a number of public spirited citizens who felt that electricity should be made available at the lowest possible cast to the consumer.” Gana 82018 aeot Soran es \ ANManitoba Hydro aed * The site was previously an abandoned commercial o _ 47 industrial site. The site is within close proximity ee % to. 9596 of city bus routes and many restaurants, bars, and daycare. The building is compatible with a a \ the scale ale of the surrounding buildings and mini izes the "skyscraper effect " to encourage pedes- trian traffic,Winter This is the main climate in Winnipeg because of the arctic winds sweeping through the area is the Win- ter. Winnipeg also receives 134 days of snow-cover every year. This is along with low temperatures and high winds due to the movement of arctic are to the region, Spring The duration of spring is short. It beings in April and ends in June. Temperatures remain mild in the sea- son as the climate transitions from winter to sum- mer. Summer This season provides the warmest temperatures from the month of July until the end of August. Temperatures during this time peak at 80 degrees. Fall ‘Temperatures during this time begin around 65 de- grees and drop to around 50 degrees. This season features comfortable weather and is the transition from summer to winter. ic ea ea a a lies Aitat the bottom of the Red River Valley that features flat topography. As a result of the flat topography and high amounts of snow, Winnipeg can be subject to extreme flooding through- nipeg out the year. The province is also partially plains, partially lowlands. Winnipeg resides in the plains. Arcticlands 2 antl Sein ‘Appalachian Resion |Sunrise, Dawn, and Dusk Times 00:04 longer 14:51 | 00:28 longer 15:16) 00:53 longer 16:16 | 01:53 longer 17:38 | 03:15 longer 17:38 | 03:15 longer 12:25 01:58 shorter Hhesce SOCCER SEERS ESSERE om Wm NY MOOI XOX OXIT (WDA NAN Sunshine (DERE Notes: How to read this graph? Change preferences.Winnipeg has a climate which varies dramatically in temperature of the course of a year. The wind speed is fairly consistent over time, as is precipitation. However, there are several months of snow in the course of a year. HHel ill) |Relevant Climatic Assets & Liabilities Assets Liabilities High amount of radiation. Facilitates direct gain The temperature is consistently below the com- & other passive heating strategies, reducing need fort ranges. This calls for solutions for this cold for mechanical systems. climate. Humidity is within comfort range most of the ‘The wind is quite intense building a even colder time, meaning design strategies are not need to _feeling temperature and environment. control humility. High wind velocities allow for the use of natural ventilation,Bioclimatic Chart Dry Bulb Temperature (F) Oo 10° 20° 30° 40° 50" 60" 70° 80° 90° 100° 10° OL 10% 20% 20% 40% 50% 60% 70% COL O0% Relate Humidity Building Bloclimatic Chart for Skin-Load Dominated BuildingsVernacular Architecture European-Influenced Architecture Winnipeg's early settler’s built buildings very similar to that of the United States Northeast. The settlers built buildings which had thick, massive walls, which were punctured by small windows. These houses were built because they retained heat well. Moreover, they could be heated by the traditional fireplace. This can be seen in the graphic on the right taken from the Heritage Manitoba organization, Native Architecture Qjibwa Indians who lived here prior to European settlers’ incursion lived in Wigwams (dome-lkeJand Tipis (tent-like). These structures were common- ly built out of birch bark and animal hides. These structure would have a fire pit in the center af them to heat the space, The birch bark and furs would act as insulators to help keep the cold out during the winter. These structures could not be made out of ‘a more massive materials like the European settlers would later do because these tribes were migra- tory. As 2 result of this, their shelters had to be able to assembled, disassembled, and moved.GEORGIAN (1820-1870) History Ihe Georgian style was developed from the implification of classical, Italian Renaissance and Baroque architecture. It was ‘most popular in Great Briain durin the reign ofthe first three King Georges (1714 to 1820) from which it derives its name. A vernacular interpretation of the style, in which detail was minimized, became a very popular architectural expression throughout Great Britain In Manitoba, where the vernacular tradition ‘was used, it was closely associated with the buildings of the Hudson's Bay Company and those built by ‘Company employees who retired to the Red River Settlement. It became popular again inthe 1910s and 20s, 1. hip roof Lewes 3 Sormer window 4 Souble hung window 5 sideligit & fared ight Characteristics = the style is characterized by a symmetrical, or balanced, box-like massing centred on a formal centranceway + rooms are grouped around a central hall plan “houses are Ito 2 1/2 storeys high = the roof i either a steply pitehed hip roof er ‘gable roof without eaves = dormer windows are common ~fugades are often ofS bays with two windows on ‘each side ofthe central doorway = double-hung windows are straight topped with 6 to 12 panes in each sash ~ doors often have sidelights and/or a transom light in Manitoba these buildings are normally ‘constructed of stone or log - while not common in Manitoba, the style can have ‘classical detailing such as a pedimented projecting ppavilion with pilasters or columns and a Palladian window ‘Schematic ilustration of an imaginary Georgian domestic building, showing key characteristics coordinated with numbers ‘on the drawing.Psychometric Chart Winnipeg is only in the comfort section for 36% of the year with passive strategies. As a result, the subsequent 64% of the time direct heating and cooling are needed to provide thermal comfort to the ‘occupants of structures. PSYCHROMETRIC CHART ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 using PMV LEGEND DESIGN STRATEGIES. JANUARY through DECEMBER COMFRT DEIOORS 73% 1 ComforiG40 hrs) 60h coMromTaRLE 2 sun Shading of Windows(368 hes) (vs BOT COMFORTABLE iiageteme waa 4 44h Thermal Mass Night Fused hrs) 5 Direct Evaporative Cooling 102 fs) {6 Two-Stage Evaporative Cooling(L11 hrs) 7 Natural Ventilation Cooling®2 hes) 12.1% 10 Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass(1062 hrs) 739% 11 Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass(636 hrs) 7.2% 12 Wind Protection of Outdoor Spaces(635 hrs) (0.0% 13 Humiciication Only(0 hes) 25% 14 Dehumidification Ony(217 hrs) 41.2% 15 Cooling, add Dehumidfication if neededt07 {62.8% 16 Heating, add Humidification if needed(5497 brs) 100.0% Comfortable Hours using Selected Strateaies (8760 out of 8760 hrs) ‘Comfort Zones show: por: comrortinooors = frie te rok rnterdathing on © Hourly Dally Min/Max O Ai Hours Select Hours lam. through 12 am, QAI Months Select Months 12€ JAN through DEC AMonth JAN Next Ev “ 1bay Lo Newt aHour = lam. Next ‘TEMPERATURE RANGE. 2 © 10t0 110°F Fit to Data © Display Design Strategies e =e ‘Show Best set of Design StrategiesLOCATION: Winnipeg Int'l, MB, CAN Latitude/Longitude: 49.9" North, 97.23" West, Time Zone from Greenwich -6 a / A {| ere * 4 6 m e016 9 2 é E z oF iF ke = kn Pag = DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE, DEG. FProgram The Manitoba Hydro Place was designed by KPMB Architects, it is the headquarters of the Manitoba Hydro Energy Utility company. They are located in downtown Winnipeg, Canada, Manitoba Hydro Place was named the most energy efficient high rise in North America and also provides employees ergonomic working environment through the inte gration of efficient active and passive heating and cooling strategies. These strategies lead to more than 70% energy savings compared to the national building model. Total Square footage: 700,000 Number of Stories: 22 Building Height: 377 ft. Occupancy Capacity: 2,245 Building Cost: $271 million Energy Classification: LEED Platinum- 70% Energy Reduction: $500,000 savings/yearDesign Intent ‘The Manitoba Hydro Place was meant to introduce the next generation of sustainable architecture. It was meant to be energy efficient through the fus- ing of environmental principles such as massing, orientation, and exposed thermal mass. It was also intended to be and adaptive design with an ongo- ing digital analysis with running in tandem with a computerized building management system that: relies on passive energy to respond to climate. Outcomes + LEED Gold ‘* Achieve 60% above the MNECB ‘+ Provide a healthy work environment ‘* Participate in the city's urban revitalization strategy and demonstrate fiscal responsibility ‘within the framework of architectural excellence ‘* Manitoba Hydro Place recorded over 70 percent energy savings over the Mode! National Energy Building Code (MNEBC). The building reached the predicted energy goals after two years. Heating & Cooling Design rT ilMaterials and Construction Locally sourced limestone and granite were chosen to reinforce Winnipeg's urban fabric of masonry buildings. Energy was also a consideration in the selection of materials. All interior materials meet low-VOC standards, The carpet is made from re- cycled materials. The exterior is composed of high performance double and triple glazed curtain wall panels. These components were assembled locally to minimize construction cost and expedite instal- lation. Material Factors * Durability * Life cycle costs + Regional relevance Design Goals * Supportive workplace * World class energy sustai « Signature architecture Energy Efficient Measures * Computer base Building Management System bility © Low-lron glass * Double curtain wall system © Operable window vents * Tall floor-te-floor © Automated window treatments * Solar chimney © High output lighting w/ occupancy sensorsRoof PlanFloor Plan: Levels 3-22Dynamic Double Skin Curtain Wall Facade... Lovers heating and cooling needs by creating a intermediate space to buffer the interior space from the extremes of the exterior environment. Ventilation... ‘The structure utilized solely fresh ai. The atrium space acts as the ‘lungs of the building. Fresh air is drawn into this space and conditioned before entering the other zones and spaces ofthe building. Solar Chimney... ‘The solar chimney is on the North side of the building, This space exhausts the used and contaminated air from the building to the exterior using the stack effect. The solar chimney is just under 380 feet tall. At the top of the chimney there isa series of pipes which are used asa thermal mass to sustain a higher temperature at the top ofthis space. The pipes maintain a higher temperature due to the use ofa glass curtain wall facade of the solar chimney. As a result ofthis, the pressure is lower here and draws the higher pressure air below up through this space. Closed Loop Geothermal Climate Control... Provides the majority ofthe heating for the building during the harsh col winters in Manitoba. Heat is pulled from the earth and used to heat the air in the building. In the summer the heat from the building is discharged {nto the ground using the same system. Hydronic Radiant Heating-Cooling... Uses a water-system to heat and cool the ceiling plate ofthe spaces. Eliminates the need for a bulky air-system. Utilizes radiant panel heating and cooling to achieve thermal comfort for the occupants Exhaust Air Recovery Recovers the residual heat from the exhaust air and mixes it with the fresh air. The air is preconditioned and returned to the atrium spaces. Dehumidification-Humidification ‘The use of an indoor water feature helps control the humidity of the interior spaces to provide further thermal comfort for the occupants ofthe building. Green Roof. ‘Acts as an natural insulator to protect against solar gain in the summer and heat loss in the winter. It further decreases the amount of water run-off from the building and site by adding a porous surface. Daylighting ‘The use of an all glass facade coupled with an automatic shading device allows the offices close to the windows to De dyligh thet ey Ta eerste ee fr eel lng Wate pacev TOON Mi WN Ks | Ny IVenting Facade fresh air into the building, The intermediary space between the exterior-most wall and the interior ‘wall allow this air to conditioned and distributed throughout the building. The ferior wall has its ‘own operable windows which allow the occupants to choose whether they desire the ventilation and air from the buffer space. Dehumidification-Humidification ‘The building incorporates into the atrium space a water feature that helps control the humidity of the building. This piece utilizes mylar ribbons in the water feature adding a sculptural element to th tillation. Moreover, this space in the immediate proximity of the water feature could be viewed as a space thermal delight facilitating a more enriched experience to the spaces of the building.is 9 Ss oS, © oy risClosed Loop Geothermal The building incorporates a geothermal heat pump which circulates glycol through the build- ing. 280 boreholes each 6” wide and 400’ deep is cooled in the summer and heated in the winter. The glycol is processed in the heat exchanger in the basement of the building. The fluid is then pumped throughout the building to achieve ther- mal comfort. The geothermal technology contrib- utes to 60% of the building's heating and cooling.Solar Chimney The solar chimney is a 377 foot tall prominent mass on the north elevation of the building. The solar chimney uses a thermal mass to extract hot air from the building. The termal mass facilitates the flow of the air up through the space via creat- ing a pressure imbalance. The hot air from the building is exhausted when, cooling is desired. This air is forced out of the top of the solar chimney. There are dampers which can be closed to prohib- it the flow of the warm exhaust air of the building. When heating is desired the air is recirculated using an exhuast air recovery system. The solar chimney further causes the flow of air through the bui . This increases the efficency of the venti- alation system incorporated in the double curtain wall facade system. Moreover, this facilitates the hydronic heating an cooling system.115 metre high solar chimney uses stack effect Shoulder Seasons/ Summer Mode draws used air up and exhausts it out of the building Exposed Ceiling Mass uses radiant heating and |: warm air rises and is drawn into north atria via natural pressure differences 100% Fresh Air, 24/7 in all office spaces is drawn through the raised floorWINTER> a CS A H AADShading Device The automated solar shading devices are located in the zone between the double skin design on the East and West facades of the Manitoba Hydro Place. The building has an integrated louvered blind system. Itis designed to minimize glare and solar radiation within the interior. When fully a extended the blinds cover the entire facade of the building and are effective in all seasons. The automated shading devices used at the Man- itoba Hydro Place cover the entire facade of the building making them an effective daylighting facade. The Successful integration of the system is an unobtrusive solution to shading with a glazed curtain wall. rat 10:00 a.m. 100% Extension: July at 10:00 a.m.Underutilized Solar Energy ‘The top of Manitoba Hydro Place receives a lot of solar radiation which is currently not being utilized to its fullest. There is great potential for the incorporation of photo-voltaic panels to supply part of the needed electricity for the building. Also, solar hot water tubes could be incorporated into the roof infrastructure as well to provide warm water for the fixtures in the building. Moreover, these hot water solar tubes could be used for the hydronic radiant heating in the winter. These efforts could greatly reduce the energy use of the building, Daylighting Practices Manitoba Hydro Place could benefit from better daylighting procedures. In a study recently done in contribution with UNC Charlotte and Benjamin Futrellit has been found that light colored roller blinds can serve to better daylight spaces. Although, there is a possibility for increased glare directly adjacent to the windows, it has been proven that there is increased satisfaction with the daylighting deeper in the space. In addition to the altering of the window treatments, the addition of light shelves could pro- vide more even daylighting in the space. Water Systems We have not found any provisions related to the water and waste systems of the building, The build- ing could increase its footprint with the utilization of rainwater collection and gray water systems. The roofscape of the building is very large which would allow for a vast amount of rain water to be collect- ed. This would decrease the water run off of the building and decrease the use of municipal water. y 4 Daylighting MapThe Manitoba Hydro Place utilizes many cutting edge pas- sive and active systems to lower the energy consumption of the building. The designers and engineers of this building went to great lengths to develop and innovate and utilize many systems to make this tower the success which it is. The building has received many ac- colades for its design in relation to its energy efficiency and use of in- novative design principles. The building was awarded the prestigious LEED Platinum award making it the largest building to recieve this award at the time. The utilization of a the solar chimney, atrium, wa- ter feature, geothermal heating, automatic blinds, double skin facade, and more distinguish this building a great example of energy efficient design. This building achieved new levels of sustainability for an office tower of its size and reduced energy consumption by over 60% com- pared to the standards of this building typology. Works Cited Architectural Styles. Heritage Manitoba. [ntt:sheritagemanitoba ca/images/pdts/Architectural Style. Guide. Heritage. Mani tabapaf) Akerstream,T, Knitsch, A. & Pauls; M, (2073), Manitoba Hydro Place: Energy Efficiency 2.0, ASHRAE Transactions, 119, F1- Fa, Harnessing Climate. (Fall 2011.) High Performance Bulldings. kilory, C. Davids, R. Simon, D., & Wagner, P, (2012). Detals, technology, and form. New York Princeton Architectural Press. Baird, G. (2013), Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects. Basel: Birkhiuser wok, A. & Grondtk, W. (2017). The green studio handbook : environmental strategies for schematic design (Third edi- ton), New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, Manitoba Hydro Place. American institute of Architects. [www.alatopten.otg/node/110). Manitoba Hydro Place. Bulding Facts. (wnvwhydro.mb ca/corporate/mhplace/quick facts building) Manitoba Hydro Place. (1 lanuary, 2009) Energy Performance Sustainable Design. [wwwhydraimb.ca/earporate/mhplace/ ‘quick facts_building Manitoba Hydro Place, KPMB, wi kpmb comn/project/manitabs-hydeo-placef] Manitoba Hydro/KPMB Architects. (24 December, 2009}. Arch Daily, {www archelaly.com/44596/manitaba-hydro-kpmb-ar- chitects “Manitoba hydro place gets LEED platinum certification. (2012), Professional Services Close - Up.