PSLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS 2008 - 2012 SCIENCECONTENTS LIFE SCIENCE 1A Multiple-choice questions 1.2 Open-ended questions PHYSICAL SCIENCE 24 Multiple-choice questions 22 Open-ended questions EXAMINATION FORMAT ‘SPECIMEN PAPER This book comprises questions from past PSLE papers (2008 - 2012) and a specimen paper for the PSLE. Page 44 74 114 144LIFE SCIENCE “4.4 Multiple-choice questions The diagram shows organisms in a food chain. plant -——>) _ insect L—+{ bird What is the source of energy for this food chain? (1) sun (2) water (3) nutrients (4) carbon dioxide The difference in appearance between leaf A and leaf B is caused by different types of organisms acting on the leaves. brown leaf A Which one of the following shows correctly the type of organism that caused the appearance of leaf A and leaf B? leaf A leaf B (1) | plant eater plant eater (2) | plant eater decomposer (@) | decomposer | plant eater (4) | decomposer | decomposer |The table below provides some information on three cells X, Y and Z. A tick (\) indicates the presence of the part of a cell. | cox | coy | coz | nucleus v Yojov part | chloroplast | Vv | cell wall } vo]o4v l Ce eS eS Where are cells X, Y and Z likely to be found? cellX | coy | comz | (1) | cheek | leaf root | @) leat root cheek | F@ | root | cheek | teat (4 | root | teat | cheek Ali carried out an experiment to study respiration in yeast using the set-ups P and Q as shown below. balloon. sugar, yeast yeast and and water water set-up P set-up Q \What would be the appearance of the balloons after one day? | bation in ] balloon ina () | infatea inflated | @) inflated | nochange | (3) | nochange | inflated [a | nochange | _no change5 Study the diagram. mineral salts from animal waste carbon dioxide and water vapour breathed out Which of the substances will be returned to the environment and recycled? (1) mineral salts and water only (2) carbon dioxide and water only (3) carbon dioxide and mineral salts only (4) mineral salts, carbon dioxide and water Which of the following statements is/are true of a cockroach and a beetle? A Their young do not have wings. B Their young look like the adults. C They have 4 stages in their life cycles. (1) Aonly 2) Bonly (3) Band C only (4) Aand C only7 Rita set up an experiment in a dark room as shown below. sealed end of syringe gas syringe distance from lamp 7 glass jar ~ \ water plant She placed a table lamp at a distance of 20 cm from the glass jar. After one hour, she observed that the syringe had collected 5 cm® of gas. She repeated the experiment by placing the lamp at different distances from the glass jar. Which one of the following shows the most likely result of this experiment? distance from the lamp (em) | volume of gas collected (cm*) (ty 10 | Jess than om? | @ 10 | equal to 5 cm* Fe | 30 © ess than 6 em? (4) 30 more than 5 cm?8 Nick learnt in his science lesson that bacteria present in the air cause food to turn bad, He also learnt that when food is exposed to more air, the food turns bad faster. Nick carried out an experiment using a packet of milk and the 3 set-ups shown below. rubber loosely fitted ‘stopper cotton wool ¥ g J milk set-up A set-up B set-up C He put the same amount of milk in three test tubes and left the tubes at room temperature. For each set-up, he recorded the number of hours for the milk to first turn bad Which one of the following shows the correct order in which the milk in the set-ups turned bad, starting from the shortest time to the longest time? a ABC 2 ACB 8) C,BA 4 CAB10 Yin Yin wanted to investigate the effect of temperature on the growth of plants. dish A dish B at 20°C at 20°C Which two dishes should she compare in order to draw a correct conclusion? (1) AandB (2) AandD (3) Bandc (4) BandD The diagram below shows how blood flows in certain parts of the body a few hours after a meal. lungs t + heart small intestine When compared with the blood in B, the blood in A has (1) less oxygen and less digested food. (2) less oxygen and more digested food. (3) more oxygen and less digested food. (4) more oxygen and more digested food."1 12 13 Which part of the human digestive system contains the most amount of digested food when digestion is completed? (1) mouth (2) stomach (3) small intestine (4) large intestine Which of the following need(s) to be present for bread to turn mouldy? A oxygen Blight C water D carbon dioxide (1) Conly (2) Aand Bonly (3) Aand C only (4) B,C and D only Study the family tree of Tom below. The family tree shows the members who are either tongue rollers or non-tongue rollers key =o oe I male tongue roller é a gt oO 4 i @ female tongue roller i mate non-tongue roller g . L © female non-tongue roller Tom Which one of the following statements about the family tree is correct? (1) Tom's parents are tongue roliers. (2) Tom and his brother are non-tongue rollers, (3) Tom's father has a brother who is a tongue roller. (4) Both Tom's grandfathers are non-tongue rollers,14 18 Nadia put a plant inside a black box with a hole, She placed the set-up in a well-lit place and watered the plant daily. black box hole She observed that as the plant grew, the stem bent towards the hole. This was because (1) there was more light outside the box (2) the plant grew downwards due to gravity (3) the leaves made the top of the plant heavier (4) there wes more water vapour outside the box Fruit trees, vegetables and butterflies make up a community in a farm. The farmer sprayed insecticide on the vegetables when he found that they were eaten by caterpillars, How would the spraying of insecticide affect the amount of vegetables and fruits produced? vegetables fruits (0) increase increase | (2) | increase decrease (3) | decrease increase i) decrease I decrease | 1016 The table shows the characteristics of some flowers and the animals which they attract. characteristics of flowers _| animal = size colour | P large white Q small yellow R large yellow s small | __ white The chart below shows the characteristics of some flowers. flowers we large i™. “™ white yetlow white yellow flower A flower B Which two types of animals would flower A and flower B attract? flower A flower B ee: (2) leas Q (3) P R (4) s R "1147 The graphs below show how the number of flowers of piant A and the number of butterfly B change throughout the year. Given that butterfly B only feeds on the nectar of the flowers of plant A, which one of the following graphs is correct? (1) (4) number key ~ flowers of plant A —— butterfly B (> month January June December number month January June December month January June December number LL month January June December 12418 Ravi made a model of the human respiratory system with four main parts. Match parts A, B, C and D correctly to the parts of the respiratory system. parts A B c D (1) | muscle | air tubes chest lungs 2 | muscie lungs chest air tubes 8) chest airtubes | muscle lungs 4) chest lungs muscle | air tubes 13 part A pan hole incap | fe | _ | opening ae open | base | plastic bottle balloons part C pat a, | tape string | Pp rubber sheet drinking straws49 The diagram below shows the movement of blood to and from a human heart, blood to lungs \ ee to other parts of the body blood from other blood from lungs: parts of the body \\ / Which one of the following about the blood in blood vessels A and B is correct? | A B (1) | rich in carbon dioxide ‘rch in oxygen | | (2) | poor in carbon dioxide poor in oxygen (3) | rich in carbon dioxide | poor in oxygen (4) | poor in carbon dioxide rich in oxygen 20 When do photosynthesis and respiration normally occur in green plants? | photosynthesis respiration 1 a) day | night @ day and night | night ®@ day day and night | 4 day and night day and night 14a 22 The diagram represents @ food web. A TT — B oN I — Which one of the following organisms will benefit directly ifthe level of carbon dioxide in the surrounding increases? aA 2 8B @ ¢C @ D Siti carried out an experiment on the germination of seeds using two containers, A and B, as shown below. a layer of oil water seeds seeds ‘wet cotton wool wet cotton wool container A container B A‘ter two days, the seeds in container A germinated but the seeds in container B did not. Based on this experiment, which one of the following caused the seeds in container A to germinate but not the seeds in container B? (1) air 2) light @) water (4) temperature 1823 24 Which part of the human digestive system A, B, C or D as shown below, absorbs alll the digested food? () A @ 8B 3 ¢ 4) D Jane studied a community living on a rotting tree trunk. She found the following organisms: ants earthworms moulds mushrooms Which one of the following classifications is correct? Decomposers Organisms that help decomposers | Ca | ants, mushrooms earthworms, moulds 2) moulds, mushrooms | ants, earthworms @ | moulds, earthworms ants, mushrooms (4) | moulds, mushrooms, earthworms: ” ants 625 26 All studied the germination of a certain seed. Which one of the following shows what he would first observe? OQ =e QQ =a soil }\ @ =a @ 0 =e The diagram below represents how blood flows in certain parts of the body. lungs PA» Y heart nN ya all other parts of the body Which one of the following is true? Blood in P Blood in @ (1) low in oxygen low in carbon dioxide 2 | high in oxygen | low in carbon dioxide 3) iow in oxygen high in carbon dioxide (4) high in oxygen high in carbon dioxide 727 28 The diagram shows two flowers from the same plant. Pollination between these two flowers occurs when pollen grains are transferred from a) (2) (3) (4) Atoc Btoc AtoD BtoD The following relationships were observed among four living things P, Q, Rand S. P feeds on R. S feeds on P. R gets its food from Q. S feeds on R but does not feed on Q. Which one of the following classifications is correct? {~ T producer | prey | PPA | predator o Q 8 P R (2) Ss | P R Q | Q R P s 4) | s | Q R P | 1829 Study the diagram below: — | Life cycle of animal | | Sstages | 4 stages ae [Risee ™ | Young does not look like adult | Young does not Young looks like [_ look ike adut adult | | | [P| Q R Which one of the following represents P, Q and R? P Q | R ao) | butterfly frog - grasshopper (2) grasshopper | frog butterfly | 8 utterly | _grasshopper frog 4) grasshopper butterfy | frog30 34 The letters below represent organisms in a community and the arrows show the direction of the flow of energy. Bo ce Which one of the following correctly represents A, B and C in this community? A 8B c ] a | plants decomposers animals (2) animais decomposers plants 3) plants animals decomposers | @ decomposers plants | animals ‘Seeds were placed in four identical bottles as shown in set-ups A, B, C and D below. The set-ups were at room temperature. A B c D liquid to damp —_ liquid to. absorb cotton absorb oxygen wool carbon dioxide damp cotton wool i J dry cotton wool In which of the set-ups would the seeds most likely germinate? (1) AandC (2) Bandc (3) AandD (4) BandD 20 L damp cotton woo!32 The diagram below shows three birds R, S and T which feed on fish —<—y They are usually seen in different parts A, B and C of the habitat below. tall tree Which of the birds R, S and T are most likely to be found at A, B and C? A B | c a) R s T 2 s T R l@ T R s (4) Ss R | T a33 Dinah wanted to find out whether water plants affect the amount of carbon dioxide in water at different times of the day. She used the set-up below. water plant jar water with liquid X She placed the set-up near the window and added a few drops of a liquid X to the water. Liquid X changes colour as shown below. ‘Amount of tess than normal | tigher than carbon dioxide in water | __ normal normal | Sa aaa purple red yellow | What colour would the water with liquid X be at midday and at midnight? At midday At midnight red | yellow @2 | purple yellow @) yellow purple (4) purple red | 2234 Lillian set up an experiment to find out whether carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis. She used a plant which had leaves with green areas in the middle and white areas round the edges as shown below. The set-up was placed in sunlight. clear plastic bag substance that absorbs carbon dioxide Which of the following two areas should Lillian compare to show that carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis? (i) PandQ (2) Sanda @) PandR (4) SandR 2335 Muthu set up an experiment using four similar leaves A, 8, C and D. These leaves have more openings known as stomata on their bottom surfaces than on their top surfaces. Leaves lose water through the stomata. He coated some surfaces of the leaves with oil that did not drip. Each leaf was weighed and then hung up in an open area as shown below. B Gc) oil on oil on oil on no oil stand top bottom top and surface surface —bottom surfaces 7D TOTO TTT 7 After five hours, each leaf was weighed again and the loss of mass was recorded. Which one of the following shows the correct order of decreasing loss of mass for leaves A,B, C and D? biggest loss in mare ———> | smallest loss in mass f (1) c [. A | B D (2) D | B A c @ o B D A | (4) | D A B | Cc | 2436 37 38 Which one of the following is the basic unit of life for a tree and a human respectively? Tree Human (a) cell wall cell membrane @ chloroplast nucleus 3) cell cell 4 nucleus nucleus Michael classified the following living things as shown. Living things | TSCOtS~ST chicken grasshopper frog butterfly meahvorm Which one of the following characteristics was used to classify the living things? a) (2) (3) (4) the way they move the place they live in the way they reproduce the number of stages in their life cycles Deforestation is harmful to our environment. Which one of the following is least likely caused by deforestation? (a) (2) 3) (4) less variety of animals more rainfall in the area more carbon dioxide in the air more soil being washed away by rain 2539 40 Study the set-up es shown below. T 3 3 glass cover plant beaker water After some time, the rate of photosynthesis of the plant slowed down. This was most likely caused by a lack of (1) water (2) oxygen (3) chlorophytt (4) carbon dioxide Which one of the following persons does not contribute to global warming? (1) Raymond driving his car to work (2) Nurul growing plants in the garden (3) S00 Lin switching on the air conditioner in the bedroom (4) Melissa printing her homework on one side of the paper 2644 The diagram represents a certain life process that takes place in green plants. Substance P mo | substance a taken in from the | Energy T | | made in the environment | | plant | Life process Ld ————___, Substance S | Substance R taken in from the released tothe | environment environment Which one of the following correctly identifies P, Q, R, S and T? i Substance 7 — Energy T P Q | R s 1 | co) food water oxygen once | __ tight - | carbon ” (2) oxygen food dioxide water heat carbon | ] @ | Sper | food =| oxygen _water light (4) oxygen | water | food seen | heat 42 The food web shows the relationships between organisms A, B, C, D and E in a pond. B a A Sec D— +E ‘The whole population of D killed by water pollution Which one of the following will happen after some time? (1) The population of A will increase. (2) The population of B will increase. (3) The population of C will decrease (4) The population of E will increase. 2743 The diagram below shows a habitat with some living things. caterpillars Based on the diagram shown, which one of the following statements is correct? (1) There is one community with six populations. (2) There is one community with eight populations. (3) There are two communities with six populations. (4) There are two communities with eight populations. 2844 — Sally conducted an experiment to find out whether carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis, She used the set-up shown below. glass cover plant | substance to remove carbon dioxide TT Which one of the following should Sally use as a control for her experiment? @ (x) substance to pemons orien tet @ (4) black cloth over glass cover substance to remove carbon dioxide 2945 Alice conducted an experiment to find out which parts of the flower P shown below were necessary to form a fruit. She removed two parts of flower P. She then transferred some pollen from another flower of the same plant to the remaining parts of flower P. After some time, flower P formed a fruit. > | Flower P Which two parts of flower P had been removed? (1) Aand @) AandD (3) Bande (4) BandD 3046 Study the diagram below. Organisms Seeds dispersed by wind? Bear flowers? Yes No Yes photosynthesise? Which one of the following correctly shows what A, B and C could be? A B | c [a mushroom fern tomato i_@ fern tomato mushroom (3) | mushroom tomato fern @) | fen mushroom tomato 3147 The diagram below shows how food and various gases are transported in the human body. food |—> surrounding air Key: —— path taken by food > path taken by gases exhaled air Which systems do P, Q and R represent and what is gas Y? System P System Q System R GasY | (1) circulatory respiratory digestive carbon dioxide | (2) digestive respiratory circulatory carbon dioxide | ® circulatory digestive respiratory ~ oxygen (4) digestive circulatory respiratory : ~ oxygen | 3248 Ahmad had to classify the four animals shown. 2 frog grasshopper chicken He classified them with the help of the chart below. bat, frog, grasshopper, chicken Yes bat, grasshopper, chicken I Yes grasshopper, chicken What were the two questions, A and B? Question A Question B 0) Do they have wings? Do they lay eggs? (2) Do they lay 29s? Do they have wings? ) Do they have wings? Do they take care of their young? L@ Do they lay eggs? Do they take care oftheir young? 3349 Some birds feed on the nectar of this flower. J— nectar Which one of the following birds is best suited for pollinating this flower? a =) 50 Which one of the following characteristics can be used to differentiate between birds and mammals? 3) (4) (1) number of legs (2) body temperature (3) __ presence of wings (4) type of body covering51 52 63 The diagram shows a plant cell. ‘Which two parts are also found in animal cells? a) (2) (3) (4) PandQ PandS QandR RandS Which of the following feature(s) would most likely be found in plants growing in @ hot and dry place? A swollen stems B short roots C broad leaves (1) only 2) Bonly (3) Aand C only (4) Band C only Which one of the following is correct? Organ involve Organ involved in digestion of food | absorption of food Lo | mouth "large intestine @ stomach large intestine @ small intestine small intestine (4) large intestine small intestine 3564 The diagram shows a seed growing into a young plant. What is the direction in which food and water are being transported at X? Direction for transport of food I water (at) upwards ~ upwards @) upwards | downwards @) downwards | downwards | @ |) downwards upwards 55 Asscientist observed that the temperature of the air on Earth has increased over the last ten years. Which of the following activities could have caused the increase in the temperature? A An increase in the planting of trees. B An increase in the use of air-conditioners, C _ Anincrease in the use of solar energy. D An increase in the number of vehicles on the road, (1) Aand B only @ Band Donly (3) Aand C only (4) Cand D only 3656 Guohui wanted to keep a grasshopper as a pet. He thought of three possible ways A, B and C to keep his grasshopper. lid with holes. glass jar grasshopper lid without holes glass jar leaf grasshopper lid with holes glass jar = grasshopper Which one of the following is correct? Least suitable way Most suitable way to keep the grasshopper | to keep the grasshopper () A B | (2) B c | @) A c (4) B A 3787 _Aini conducted an experiment to find out whether oxygen is needed for the germination of seeds, She used the set-up shown below. substance that, absorbs oxygen damp cotton woo! air-tight stopper Which one of the following should Aini use as a control for her experiment? a) substance that absorbs carbon dioxide damp cotton wool 3) substance that absorbs oxygen dry cotton wool (2) substance that absorbs oxygen damp cotton ‘woo! @) water damp cotton wool58 A flowering plant undergoes processes X and Y as shown. flower | x ON seed [adult plant |< ———| young plant Which of the following correctly represents the processes X and Y? x Y ] 1 germination fertilisation i l@ germination “pollination 3) fertilisation germination @ | fertilisation | pollination 69 Swee Meng conducted an experiment with a flower on a plant. A B e He removed one part of the flower. The flower did not produce any seeds after that. Which part of the flower, A, B, C or D, did Swee Meng remove? a) A @ B @ ¢ (4) > 3960 Food relationships between organisms T, U and V, are shown in the food web below. After some time, organism W was introduced to the habitat as shown in the food web below. T ———— u | w+—v ‘The graph below shows the number of organism V over a period of time. At which point of the graph was organism W first introduced? number of organism V time 4061 James set up an experiment using four similar leaves P, Q, R and S on the same piant. These leaves have openings known as stomata on both their upper and lower surfaces. Leaves lose water through the stomata. He coated some surfaces of the leaves with oil as shown in the table. I eat [_ Coated with oil Upper surface Lower surface P yes no Q no yes | R yes yes | s no no | The plant was under bright sunlight for two hours. James measured the volume of water loss at regular time intervals. His results are shown in the graph below. volume of water Ss loss (cm*) time (min) James used his results to compare the difference between stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. ‘What can James conclude about the stomata on the leaves of this plant? 4) (2) 3) (4) There are more stomata on the lower surfaces. There are more stomata on the upper surfaces. The openings of the stomata on the lower surfaces are bigger. There are equal numbers of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. 4462 Kumar conducted an experiment using the following set-ups. stopper light box painted black \ water — water plant ——[ —_ ‘Amount of carbon dioxide in set-up A I B c | (a) increase increase no change 1 @ | decrease ne change mo change @ increase no change increase @ | decrease increase increase 4263 Study the chart below. Does it make its own food? mushroom, Does it produce seeds? | yes Question Q rose plant Which one of the following is correct? P Question Q_ (1) | Pisanon-flowering plant, | Does it have bright-coloured flowers? | (@) | Pisa non-flowering plant. Does it pollinate with the help of wind? | @) | Pisadecomposer. Does it have bright-coloured flowers? (4) _| Pisa decomposer. Does it pollinate with the help of wind? 431 LIFE SCIENCE 1.2 Open-ended questions The diagram below shows a single-celled organism which lives in pond water. coll wall cell membrane: copies chloroplast nucleus Use the information in the diagram to answer the following questions (a) Name two parts in the organism which show that it is more likely to be a plant cell than an animal cell tt) (b) State one part inside this organism that looks different from that found in a typical plant cell tt) The diagram below shows a food web in a farm, farmer and his family rice ——» rat ——> cat A farmer grows rice on his farm to feed his family. Recently, he observed a decrease in the amount of rice grains he could collect. The rice plants were healthy and produced the same amount of rice grains as in previous years. Based on the information above, what is a possible cause for the decrease in rice grains collected and how can the farmer prevent this decrease? (2) Possible cause: How to prevent the decrease in rice grains collected: 443 A plant produces berries which are small fruits that contain many seeds. Birds eat these berries and pass out the undigested seeds in their droppings. This heips the plant to disperse its seeds. berries State two advantages of this method of dispersing seeds for the plant. 2 Advantage 1 Advantage 2: ‘Two butterflies A and B look similar. Predators remember that butterfly A is poisonous. butterfly A butterfly B (a) Whatis the advantage to butterfly B of looking like butterfly A? a {b) Caterpillars of some types of butterflies can be easily seen by their predators. ‘Suggest a behaviour of these caterpillars that can help them avoid being seen by their predators. mM 455 Study the picture of a pond below carefully. (a) (b) (c) plant A Besides providing food for the animals in the pond, suggest another reason why plant A and plant B are important to the animals in the pond 2 Plant A; Plant B: A student found that when the population of plant B increases, the population of plant A decreases, Suggest a reason for the decrease in the population of plant A. [1] When a lot of plant A die and start to rot, the level of oxygen in the pond decreases, Give a reason why the rotting plants cause a decrease in the level of oxygen. [1] 466 Johan placed four plants in identical jars, each containing water at the same level as shown below. He then placed the four set-ups A, B, C and D next to the window for an hour. cardboard support “4 PoRed Ca in ] ; roots iy. layer of oil i vwrapoedin EAb| | plastic bag =| [h water —+ r t--] | x set-up A set-up B set-up C set-up D (a) At the end of the experiment, Johan measured the height h in each jar. He found the height h to be 200 mm, 195 mm, 190 mm and 180 mm. Complete the table to show the correct results of the experiment, [1] h(mm) | set-up | 200 } 195 190 180 (b) Which two set-ups should be compared to show that the roots of the plant absorb water? Give a reason for your answer. {11 (c) If the plant in set-up C does not die quickly, suggest what Johan might observe about the plant several hours later. iy 477 The diagram below shows the movement of water in a plant. roots : stem > | leaves (a) What happens to the water after it reaches the leaves? i The arrows below show the flow of blood in a human body. x lungs heart other parts of the body * ¥ {b) State one difference between the direction of movement of water in plants and the direction of movement of blood in the human body. i 48Alice set up an experiment in a dark room as shown below. Alice changed variable X and counted the number of bubbles in the tube. She kept the other variables constant. Her results are shown below. number of bubbles per minute variable X (a) Whatis variable X? 0] {b) Alice repeated the experiment with some worms and the same water plant in the tube. The number of bubbles formed per minute increased. Give the main reason for this. (1) (c) Explain why switching off the torch would cause the worms to die faster than when the torch was switched on. i) 49Susan studied the percentage of males and females hatched from the eggs of a certain type of lizard at different temperatures. Her results are shown below. % hatched key | []] temate 100 ll male 80 60 40 20 ° ‘temperature (°C) 18 19 20 a 22 (a) What is the relationship between the percentage of females hatched and the temperature? i (b) Based on Susan's results, give a reason why this type of lizard may disappear from the earth due to global warming, fa} 5010 Alan set up the apparatus as shown below. In the set-up, the drop of red ink prevents air from entering the test tube. wire gauze test tube | ‘substance to absorb carbon € ge dioxide - worm drop of red ink (a) Explain why respiration in the worms caused the drop of red ink to move towards the test tube. 7) (b) Name a gas inside the test tube that remained the same in amount throughout the experiment. (1 5111 Bird P does not make her own nest but lays her eggs in the nest of bird Q. Bird P will try to push the eggs of bird Q out of the nest, bird P bird Q (a) Based on the information given above, give a reason why the number of bird Q may decrease over time. 13) (b) The eggs of bird P hatch five days earlier than the eggs of bird Q. Give a reason why this is an advantage to the young of bird P when there is limited food available. (1 (c) The young of birds P and Q make different sounds. However, unlike young bird Q, young bird P remains silent until it is big enough to fly off. Give a reason why it is an advantage for young bird P to remain silent. t 5212 The diagram below shows a single-celled organism A. (a) Organism A is able to make food through photosynthesis. Name the part of the plant cell that enables organism A to do this. (1) Organism A has a cap and a nucleus at its base. A scientist wanted to find out the function of the nucleus in organism A. He cut it into two halves as shown. A cap dried up AN — - | cap ~ new cap formed i AR e ™ ° v nucleus After a few days, the upper half of the organism with the cap dried up. The lower half continued to grow to form a new cap. (b) Based on this observation, what can the scientist conclude about the function of the nucleus? mM 5313 In an experiment, Johan placed two identical kettles on two metal plates of the same material with different surfaces. The kettles contained the same amount of water at room temperature. The plates were heated from below. kettle A (\ = kettle B wa { t t heat heat metal we {a) In which kettle, A or B, would the water boil first? Give a reason for your answer. [1] In a desert, snakes crawl on the hot sand while lizards run using two of its four legs. snake lizard (b) Based on this observation, give two reasons why this lizard can move over a longer distance on hot sand compared to the snake in a desert. (2) Reason 1 Reason 2: 5414 Plant P and insect Q depend on each other as shown in the diagram below. PED _ me flower of I plant P (a) How does plant P and insect Q benefit from this relationship? ie (i) Benefit for plant P: (ii) Benefit for insect Q: (b) Plant P and insect Q are parts of a food chain. What role does plant P play in the food chain? 1 5518 Suzie carried out an experiment to study the decomposition of dead leaves. She placed dead leaves and some damp soil in a bin as shown below. She was advised not to add water to the bin lid with, some holes dead leaves and damp soil After a few months, the dead leaves were decomposed into a damp black substance which could be used as fertiliser. Suggest two things that Suzie could do to make the dead leaves decompose faster. Give a reason for each of your answers (4) (a) (i) Suggestion: (ii) Reason: (b) Suggestion: (ii) Reason; — 5616 (a) —_ John's mother put some leafy vegetables in a clear plastic bag and sealed it. plastic bag sealed here leafy vegetables After some time, John observed that water droplets were formed on the inside of the plastic bag. Give a reason for the formation of the water droplets. i] (b) John was lost in the jungle and wanted to have some water to drink. He could not find a river. The plants and fruits in the jungle could not be eaten. ‘Suggest what he could do to get some water to drink if he had the following things only: * plastic sheet * newspapers * towel * string He need not use all of the above things. (1) 8717 Annie studied the life cycle of an insect X. She recorded the number of days for each stage ofits life cycle. Her results are shown in the graph below. However, she did not present the stages of the life cycle in the correct order. 20 18 6 4 Number 42 ofdays 44 8 6 4 2 0 egg adult pupa larva Stages (a) Write down the stages of the life cycle in the correct order. tt) egg —> > > (b) Based on Annie's results, how many days does it take for insect X to become an adult after the egg has hatched? 1) (c) Insect X has wings. It spends certain stages of its life cycle in the water. Name all the stages spent in water and give @ reason for your answer. a (i) Stages spent in water: (il) Reason: 5B18 Elephants live in hot places and need to lose heat through their ears. (a) Elephant A lives in an open grassy area and has very big ears. elephant A Give a reason why very big ears could be an advantage for elephant A? ol (b) Elephant B lives in a dense forest and has smaller ears than elephant A. elephant B Give a reason why very big ears could be a disadvantage for elephant B? 1] 5919 Devi wanted to find out the colour of flowers which most butterflies prefer. She made model flowers using different coloured cards. She put 10 drops of the same sweetened water in the centre of each flower. The model flowers were left in the open field coloured card centre with drops of sweetened water Devi then counted the number of butterflies that visited the model flowers over 3 hours. The results were recorded in the table below. | Number of butterflies visiting the flower | Colour of flower 8-9am 9-10am | 10-11am | red | 8 5 | 1 | yellow 15 1 7 | white 7 5 2 (a). Based on Devis results, which colour did most of the butterflies prefer? i (b) Siew Cheng wanted to find out the relationship between the size of the flowers and the number of butterflies visiting the flowers. What changes to Devi's experiment should Siew Cheng make? [2] 6020 Figures 1 and 2 show how gases are transported in the circulatory system of a fish and a human respectively. | | gilts | lungs I] I Y heart > heart 4 a F Figure 4 (fish) Figure 2 (human) (a) State one difference between the direction of flow of blood in a fish and in a human. (1) yetween the gases found in the blood flowing at PandQ. [1] (b) State one differen 6121 Devi conducted an experiment using two identical air-tight containers, A and B, as shown Container A had a black surface while container B had a white surface. She placed the containers under the sun. At first, the thermometers showed the same reading. 9 rT black surface — T white surface thermometer nee Container A Container B After a few hours, she observed that the temperature :in container A was higher than that in container B (a) What could Devi conclude from this observation? tl] Bird P lives in a very cold environment. Bird P (b) Bird P usually stands with its back facing the sun. Suggest a reason for such a behaviour. i (c) Bird P lives in large groups, staying very close to one another. Explain how staying very close to one another helps keep them warm i) 6222 Paul conducted an experiment to investigate how different substances were effective in keeping cockroaches away from food. He put a cockroach in a closed box containing 5 g of substance P mixed with some food. The closed box had a small opening. He recorded the time taken for the cockroach to leave the box. substance P mixed with food ~| | small cockroach —~ 1% 7 opening Paul repeated the experiment using the same amount of three other substances, Q, R and S each time. His results are shown below. time taken for cockroach to — leave box (min) P QR os type of substance (a) Which substance, P, Q, R or S, was most effective in keeping cockroaches away from the food? Give a reason for your answer. (1) Paul found cockroaches in his packets of sugar in the storeroom. His friend, Azman suggested that he should spray an insecticide on the packets of sugar so as to kill the cockroaches immediately. (b) Give one reason why Azman's suggestion could not be accepted [1] 6323 A scientist found two organisms, P and Q, in a pond. He wanted to find out whether they were animals or plants. He filled four beakers, 1, 2, 3 and 4 with pond water. He placed organism P in beakers 1 and 2 and organism Q in beakers 3 and 4. Beakers 1 and 3 were placed in the dark. Beakers 2 and 4 were placed in the light. He a Beaker 1 Beaker 2 Beaker 3 Beaker 4 (in the dark) (in the light) (in the dark) (in the light) dded a drop of liquid X in each beaker. The table below shows the colour of liquid X in the presence of more oxygen or more carbon dioxide. When more oxygen is_| When more carbon Colour of liquid X present dioxide is present i blue yellow At the end of two hours, the following results were obtained. (a) (b) Beaker | Colour of liquid X = ellow 2 allow 3 ellow 4 blue Based on his results, the scientist concluded that P was an animal. Explain how he arrived at this conclusion. ia) Name the process that took place in beaker 4. Explain how this process caused the change in the colour of liquid X. 2 6424 ‘The fruit of plant A is juicy and contains seeds that are hard and stone-like. "Ce Fruit of plant A (a) Describe how the seeds of plant A can be dispersed by animals over a wide area. 1 ‘The fruit of plant B has a hard shell and its seeds are @ source of food for some animals. hard shell seed fay) e Y CE) ) Fruit of plant B Squirrel X ‘Squirrel X breaks the hard shell and buries each seed separately in a different place. The squirrel also buries more seeds than it would eat later on. {b) State one benefit for the squirrel to bury each seed in a different place. a) (c) State two benefits for plant B when the squirrel buries each seed in a different place. rea) Benefit 1 Benefit 2: 6525 Leaves have tiny openings called stomata on their surfaces. yr Some of the gases that move through the stomata are oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour. Rashid measured the changes in the size of the stomata of a plant placed by the window at different times of the day. He plotted his results as shown below. (a) (b) (c) average size of stomata (units) 3 2 14 o L—}—_+—__+—_+_+—-> time Zam 6am 10am 2pm 6pm 10pm Based on his results, what effect did light have on the size of stomata? 1) How does the change in the size of stomata in (a) help in photosynthesis? ut The change in size of stomata in the presence of light can also be a disadvantage to the plant. What is this disadvantage? n 6626 The diagram below shows the life cycle of a frog. (a) Explain how laying many eggs each time helps frogs in their survival (1) (b) The young of the frog lives in water while the adult lives on land. This helps the frog to survive better. Suggest two advantages for the young and the adult to live in different surroundings. (2) Advantage 4: Advantage 2: 6727 The diagram shows how carbon dioxide can be added to or removed from the air around us carbon dioxide in air . burning decomposition breathing x Key —> add ----» remove (a) Name the process X. M1) {b) Some farmers clear forests by burning the t 28, Explain how this burning and the loss of trees can lead to global warming. (2 6828 Rajah went on a field trip and came across flower F and insect G. He asked his teacher and found out more information about flower F and insect G. He then wrote the following in his notebook. Flower F Insect G «Flower F gives off a strong rotting meat Insect G is smell. attracted to the smell of the flower. It does not produce nectar. Its larva feeds on rotting meat Male and female parts are found on different (a) Suggest a reason why insect G is attracted to the smell of flower F. tl (b) Whats the benefit to flower F when insect G visits it? {1 6929 Jim conducted an experiment to measure the amount of oxygen present in the water of his fish tank at different temperatures. His results are shown in the graph below. amount of oxygen (units) temperature (°C) Jim observed some fish in the tank. He noted that the breathing rate of the fish increased when the temperature of the water in the fish tank increased. Using the results of the experiment, explain this observation. (2) 7030 Figure 1 shows a habitat in the sea. tiny organisms animal D animal E plant A animal C animal B Figure 1 Figure 2 shows a food web in the community. coy animal E animal oy > ~ “eS x No ‘eP animal D animal B k 4® tiny organisms plant A Figure 2 (a) Suggest two benefits that plant A could provide for animal D. Benefit 1 (2) Benefit 2: (b) A large number of animal C were caught by fishermen. The number of animal E remained the same. How would the population of plant A and animal D change? Explain your answers. (2) Effect on plant A and reason: —___ Effect on animal D and reason: 131 Plant H has white leaves and grey leaves at different parts of its stem. The leaves are tilted in various positions at different times of the day. Ai Leng wanted to know if the position of a leaf would affect its temperature. Ai Leng plucked four leaves and placed them in different positions under sunlight. She measured the temperature of each leaf after two hours. The set-ups and results are shown below. A B c D | Set-ups A KD |B flat position | flat position | vertical position _| vertical position Colour of leaf grey grey white Temperature (°C) 35 32, 28 | (a) Which set-ups A, 8, C and D should Ai Leng compare for her study? i) Compare set-up__A __ with set-up and compare set-up with set-up Plant H is a desert plant and tilts its leaves upwards at noon time as shown below. white leaf § grey leaf (b) Suggest two benefits for the plant to tlt its leaves upwards at noon time. ica] Benefit 1: Benefit 2: (c) Ai Leng also noticed that the white leaves were at the upper part of the stem while the grey leaves were at the lower part. Give a reason why this is so. tt] 7232 Amanda set up an experiment in a dark room to find out which coloured light(s) red, green of blue could be used for photosynthesis. She used a tank divided into three sections K, L and M by black plastic sheets as shown in the diagram below. The coloured lights were of the same brightness. She introduced some fish into each section which had a water plant with green leaves. After some time, she observed bubbles and the fish in sections K and M only. black plastic black plastic sheet sheet red light green light blue light water plant bubble fish Section K Section L Section M (a) Give @ reason why the fish were found in sections K and M only. i] (b) What can Amanda conclude about which coloured light(s) could be used for photosynthesis? tl {e) Amanda wanted to check if her conclusion in (b) was correct. She repeated the experiment with the same set-up but without the water plants. What observation would show that her conclusion was correct? ft] 732 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2.4 Multiple-choice questions Study the diagram shown below. The girl can see the plant in the presence of light. lamp 7 ia le U7 Which one of the following shows correctly the path of light that makes it possible for the Girl to see the plant? (1) From lamp to girl to plant (2) From lamp to plant to git! (3) From plant to girl to lamp (4) From plant to lamp to girl Ella used two identical syringes. Each syringe was covered with black paper and completely filled with either air or water. black paper plunger i x sealed —+ force T i ruler 0 10 cm ‘She pushed each plunger as hard as she could. She then measured the distance d. Which one of the following shows the correct values of d? d(cm) syringe with air_| syringe with water (1) 0 10 2) 10 o (3) 5 10 j (4) 10 | 5 743 ‘The diagram shows the main parts of a power station. Oil is burned to change water into steam. The steam is then used to turn the turbine, turbine steam generator Which one of the following shows correctly the energy changes in a power station? (1) heat energy > chemical energy > electrical energy > kinetic energy (2) heat energy > chemical energy > kinetic energy > electrical energy (3) chemical energy > heat energy > kinetic energy > electrical energy (4) chemical energy > heat energy > electrical energy > kinetic energy 4 Rajan was given a beaker containing three powders X, Y and Z mixed together. These powders cannot be dissolved in water. The properties of the three powders are given in the table below. property A property B property C Is ita magnetic | Is it a good conductor | Does it float in material? of electricity? water? | powder X no yes no powder Y no no yes powder Z yes yes no Which property / properties should Rajan make use of in order to separate the three powders quickly? (1) Acnly (2) AandB (3) Aandc (4) Bandc 756 Study the four circuits A, B, C and D shown below. circuit A clroult B L_§_ 1 circuit cireuit D The bulbs and the batteries in the four circuits are identical. All the bulbs are lit up. Which one of the following statements about the brightness of the bulbs is correct? (1) (2) 3) (4) The bulb in circuit A is as bright as the bulb in circuit C. The bull in circuit A is as bright as each bulb in circuit D. Each bulb in circuit B is brighter than the bulb in circuit C, Each bulb in circuit B is brighter than each bulb in circuit D. 766 The diagrams below show three objects. ‘soap bubbles ship aeroplane On which object(s) is the force of gravity acting? QQ) (2) 3) (4) ship only ship and aeroplane only soap bubbles and aeroplane only soap bubbles, ship and aeroplane Objects A, B, C and D are made of different materials but are of the same shape and size. A 100 g mass was giued to each object. Each object was placed on the surface of the liquid in the tank, The objects were at the various positions as shown below. 100 g mass Which one of the following shows the correct order of the objects, starting from the smallest mass to the greatest mass? (1) (2) (3) (4) B,A,D,C B,D,A,C CAD.B CDAB 78 Substance X freezes at 63°C and boils at 759°C. Which one of the following shows the correct state of substance X at 70°C and at 500°C? State of substance X at more | 600°C a) solid gas 2 solid liquid 2) liquid gas 4 liquia quia 9 Deena carried out an experiment using set-up A and set-up B as shown. After three hours, she compared the amount of water left in each glass. container glass of fan water Ney set-up A The amount of water left in the glass in set-up B is (1) less because the water evaporates faster (2) less because the water evaporates slower (3) more because the water evaporates faster (4) more because the water evaporates slower 7810 A ball which Is tied to a string swings from A to B and then to C as shown below. Which one of the following shows correctly the changes in the potential energy and kinetic energy of the ball as it swings from A to C? | change in potential energy | change in kinetic energy | from Ato B | from B to C (1) increases increases | 2) “increases decreases @ decreases increases | (4) Woscencs decreases 11 The freezing point and boiling point of substance X are 40°C and 180°C respectively. Which one of the following shows correctly the state(s) of substance X at 30°C and at 200°C? state of substance X at sore | 200°C. qd) solid gas (2) ; solid liquid ® liquia gas (4) liquid ; liquid 7912 13 A string is passed through a straw. A balloon is then glued firmly to the straw as shown below. straw string wall ‘wall —y rubber band balloon When the rubber band is removed, air rushed out of the balloon, producing a force. This force caused the balloon and the straw to move in direction Y because this force was greater than the (1) weight of the straw and the string (2) weight of the balloon and the straw (3) friction between the string and the straw (4) friction between the balloon and the string Diagram 1 shows magnet A at rest above magnet B. Diagram 2 shows magnet A being held closer to magnet B wooden rod wooden rod magnet A x magnet A magnet B magnet B Diagram 4 Diagram 2 When magnet A in Diagram 2 is released, it moved up and down a few times, each time a little less, finally coming to rest again. Magnet A moved in this way because it was (1) repelled by magnetic force and then pulled by gravity (2) attracted by magnetic force and then pulled by gravity (3) repelled by magnetic force and then attracted by magnetic force (4) attracted by magnetic force and then repelled by magnetic force 8014 15 John held a toy between his hands as shown. He rotated the toy by sliding his right hand forward and his left hand backwards before releasing it. The toy fiew to a certain height after it left his hands. toy left hand right hand He rotated the toy at the same starting position again. But this time, the toy flew to a lower height than it did before. Which one of the following could explain why the toy flew to a lower height? The weight of the toy was greater. (2) The heat gained by the toy wes smaller. (3) The kinetic energy of the toy was smaller. (4) The gravitational poterttial energy of the toy was greater. Diagram 1 shows a magnet held near rod X which is tied to a string. A flame is then placed at one end of the rod X as shown in Diagram 2. After a while, rod X started to move towards the magnet. Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Which of the following caused rod X to move towards the magnet? A Rod X was pulled by gravity. B Rod X had lost some of its magnetism: C Rod X gained kinetic energy due to the fiame. (1) Conly (2) Aand Bonly (3) Band C only (4) A Bande 8116 The diagram below shows a lamp placed at the same distance from two identical glass containers A and B. Container A is left open while container B is covered with a clear plastic sheet. Ga clear plastic sheet | container B VA | AS ‘The temperatures in both containers are recorded as shown in graphs P and Q below. open container A temperature (°C) t time (min) Which one of the following shows correctly the graph and the explanation of the results for container A? | graph | explanation of results | am] oP more heat is trapped | (2) Q more heat is trapped j@| ep less heat is trapped 1 @ Q less heat is trapped 8247 Study the circuit below. Bulbs A and B are identical and the three batteries are identical. At first, bulb A is unlit while bulb B is lit with a brightness of 10 units. button metal lever bulb A metal spring p84 KS i bulb B If the button is pressed and held down, what would happen to bulbs A and B? bulb A bulb B (1) | asbright as 10 units unit (2) brighter than 10 units unlit | (3) | as bright as 10 units brighter than 10 units (4) | brighter than 10 units | brighter than 10 units 8348 Han Seng set up the experiment as shown below. eer \ hy } qf | [pot with tiny holes 24 | \\ I oe | i / I small pot with tiny holes wet sand He placed the set-up in a dry place. He recorded the temperature of the air inside the small pot. His results are shown below. time (minute) | temperature (°C) 0 30, 10 28 20 27 The drop in the temperature of the air inside the small pot was mainly due to (1) water evaporating from the wet sand (2) heat being conducted to the thermometer (3) water vapour condensing on the wet cloth (4) wet sand acting as a poor conductor of heat 8419 Li Ying conducted an experiment on springs A and B. She hung various joads one at a time and recorded the length of the spring. Her results are shown in the graph below. Which one of the following represents correctly the conclusion that Li Ying can draw from length of spring (cm) 400 spring A 90 80 70 spring B 60 50 40 30 20 10 040-20 30 40 this experiment? 50 > load (g) 60 70 80 90 spring that is longer before | spring that can be stretched | the start of the experiment | more with the same load a) A B 2 B A @) B B (4) A A 8520 The set-up below shows light shining on three shapes A, B and C made of cardboard. ‘They are placed at different distances from the torch. ZL torch cor fc) | A B | ‘The diagram below shows what was seen on the screen. }——screen Which one of the following represents correctly shapes A, B and C respectively? a A B | oc rc qa) ring triangle rectangle @ ring rectangle | triangle (3) | triangle | rectangle ring (4) | triangle ring rectangle 862 22 ‘The diagram below represents the changes of state of water. | A melting = — ; | | B c ; Coe) Which one of the following correctly describes A, B and C? | A i B | c { freezing | condensation evaporation | @ condensation freezing | evaporation | (3) freezing evaporation condensation | (4) condensation evaporation freezing A toy car was pushed towards a wooden plank AB as shown in the diagram. It moved up the plank, stopped at X and then it rolled down the plank. Which one of the following statements about the movement of the car is true? (1) (2) (3) (4) The car stopped at X because it had lost all its energy. The car stopped at X because there were no forces acting on it. The car rolled down because of gravitational force. The car slowed down as it moved up because frictional force increased, 8723 ‘A man did a bungee jump from a bridge as shown below. His feet were tied to a thick and tong rubber rope. The other end of the rope was fixed to the bridge. The man stood at A before jumping off the bridge. When he jumped off, he fell towards the water, After bouncing up and down a few times, he came to a stop at C. Which one of the following correctly describes the energy of the man at A, B and C? A B c | | (1) | kinetic energy potential energy kinetic energy potential energy 5 2 potential energy and kinetic energy potential energy | potential energy ) Kinetic enersy | aha kinetic energy potential energy 4) potential energy | kinetic energy kinetic energy 8824 The diagram below shows a round glass bowl. A metal ball was held at P. When the ball was released, it rolled down. glass bow! Which one of the following statements is the most likely path of the ball after it was released? The ball rolled to (1) Qand then rolled back (2) R and then rolled back (3) Sand then rolled back (4) Sand out of the bow! 25 Mei Ling conducted an experiment to study the hardness of four different materials P, Q, R and S. She used the sharp ends of a plastic rod and a wooden rod to scratch each of these materials. She recorded her observations in the table below. Scratch marks observed on material? | Rod used to 1 | scratch material B a |. R s_ | plastic no yes ne nm wood no yes De Which one of the following statements is true? (1) Rand S are harder than wood. (2) Qand S are harder than wood. (3) Pand Rare harder than plastic. (4) P.and Q are harder than plastic. 8926 Diagram 1 below shows a ring magnet lowered onto a tray of steel pins. Diagram 2 shows the bottom view of the magnet. ring magnet Diagram 4 Diagram 2 Which one of the following most likely shows the number of pins attracted to the bottom of the magnet at positions A, B and C7 A B | c a) 6 18 6 | @) 12 6 12 l @ 1 10 5 (4) 40 10 40 | 27 Aneexperiment was set up using a sealed metal container which holds 60 cm® of water and 40 cm’ of air as shown below. 10 cm’ of water was removed from the container through tap T and 30 cm® of air was then pumped in using pump P. air pump P What would be the final volume of the air in the container? (1) 30. cm* (2) 50cm® (3) 60.cm* (4) 70.cm® 9028 Study the diagram below. Does it have a definite volume? carbon dioxide Does it have a definite shape? Question X Which one of the following correctly states what P, Question X and Q are? P Question X Q a) air Is it a good conductor of heat?_| aluminium 2) water Is it a magnetic material? iron 3) oxygen Does it conduct electricity? iron 4) oil | Is ita magnetic material? aluminium 9129 30 In the circuit below, the bulbs and batteries are all working properly. st s2 $3 $4 Which of the following switches should be closed so that only one bulb will ight up? a) 2) @) S1 and $4 only $2 and S4 only S1 and $3 only 2 and $3 only Rachel set up four experiments P, Q, R and S using water in containers made of the same material. The table below shows the different conditions at the start of each experiment. Experiment | P Q R s Room temperature (°C) | 31 2 | 8 25 Exposed surface area | of water (om?) 50 120 50 50 | Volume of water (cm*) 500 500 | 400 500 Rachel wanted to investigate how the rate of evaporation of water was affected by the exposed surface area. Which of the following two experiments should Rachel compare? a) 2 (3) 4) PandQ RandP QandS SandP 9231 Alicia conducted an experiment. She placed a wooden block on a flat sheet made of material X. She then applied a force F to give the wooden block a push. The block moved forward and stopped at a distance d as shown wooden block material X d Alicia repeated the experiment with two other flat sheets made of materials Y and Z. She used the same wooden block and the same force F. She recorded her results in the table below. Material x | ¥ Zz Distance diem) | _10 5 15 Based on her results, which material should she choose (from.best to worst) to cover the floor of a bathroom? > | a) x Zz @ Y x | 3) z [ x | 4) x Y | 32 Melissa and her black cat were in a dimly lit room. Which one of the following statements correctly explains why she could only see the cat's eyes clearly? (1) Melissa's eyes were sources of light. (2) The cat's eyes were sources of light. (3) __Light was reflected from the cat's eyes to Melissa's eyes. (4) Light was reflected from Melissa’s eyes to the cat's eyes. 9333 Matthew conducted an experiment using the set-up shown below. beaker of water material He recorded the time taken for the water to boil when different materials P, Q and R were placed below the beaker of water in the table below. Material _| HOw well the material | Time taken for water to conducts heat start boiling (min) P very good 10 Q poor | 10 R good 0 ‘After completing the experiment, Matthew realised that he did not remember how much water he had used. Which one of the following most likely shows the volume of water (in cm’) used at the start of the experiment? P a (t) 100 200 (2) “300 100 | L@ | 100. 300 | L@ 300 200 «| «100 34 A force was applied to move a wooden block. Which one of the following correctly shows the direction of motion and the direction of friction acting on the wooden block? (a) (@) motion motion Ce — force force od —_ — friction friction — — (3) ; 4) motion motion aC — force force a — —_ friction friction “— — 9435 36 The diagram shows the water cycle. A Proves N, water vapour rain Noe Which one of the following is correct? A B Process X | (1) | _seawater cloud evaporation | (2) cloud sea water evaporation | @ sea water cloud | condensation (4) cloud sea water condensation Shufen was holding @ metal spoon with a cube of ice as shown. After some time, she felt that the spoon was cold. Which one of the following correctly explains why Shufen felt that the spoon was cold? 0) (2) (3) (4) The spoon lost heat to the ice and to her fingers. ‘The spoon gained heat from the ice and from her fingers. The spoon lost heat to the ice and gained heat from her fingers. The spoon gained heat from the ice and lost heat to her fingers. 9537 38 Figure 1 shows a balloon filled with air, floating on water in a glass container. When the balloon was pushed downwards, some water in the container overflowed as shown in Figure 2. Which one of the following can be inferred from the overflow of water in Figure 2? (1) ao balloon overflow of water | water overflow of water Figure 1 Air has weight. Air occupies space. Air has no definite shape. Air has no definite volume. Figure 2 The table shows the melting and boiling points of two substances, X and Y. Substance Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) x 44 280 Y 110 180 Which one of the following shows the correct state(s) of X and Y at 100°C? x Y 1 a) solid liquid 2 liquid liquid ® solid solid (4) liquid solid 9639 Jane wanted to find out whether glass or plastic is a better conductor of heat. She used a glass cup and a plastic cup. She filled the same amount of water at 80°C into the cups and measured the temperature of the water every minute. Her set-up is shown below. thermometer plastic cup glass cup What should Jane have done to ensure that her experiment was a fair test? (1) Cover the cups with a wooden lid (2) Use cups of the same size and thickness. (3) Pour the water to the same level in each cup. (4) Use water of a lower temperature in each cup. 40 Inthe set-up below, A, B, C and D are four rings which pass through a smooth plastic rod. Bis a magnet, plastic rod A B magnet c D Which one of the following is not possible? A | c D Lo rubber | steel steel le steel magnet steel [@ rubber magnet rubber i) rubber magnet magnet 97at 42 John filled two identical containers, A and B, with 50 cm® of water. He placed container A in the garden during a sunny and windy day. Container B was left in a dark room The next day, John observed that both containers had less water. He also observed that container A had less water than container B. Which one of the following statements is not correct? (1) Some of the water in containers A and B had evaporated. (2) The wind increased the rate of evaporation in container A. (3) Light was necessary for evaporation to occur in container A. (4) The rate of evaporation in container A was higher than that in container B. Bulbs B1, B2 and B3, and switches $1, S2 and S3 are connected in a circuit as shown. All the bulbs are working properly. Bt st in 1t ee $2 B33 Which one of the following is correct? Switches Do the bulbs light up? s1 $2 $3 Bt B2 B3 (1) closed ‘open closed | yes no yes | (2) | open ‘open closed | no no yes | 3) | closed closed open yes yes no (4) open closed open | _no yes ro | 9843 Muthu conducted an experiment with two metal blocks of the same size but of masses 200 g and 400 g He released the blocks from two different heights as shown in set-ups A, B, C and D. 200g 400g | | Set-up A Set-up B 200g 4009 Set-up C Setup D Muthu wanted to investigate how the kinetic energy of the block depends on its mass and the height from where it was released. Which pairs of set-ups should he use in his investigation? Kinetic energy depends on mass height (1) Aand B Cand D 2 B and D AandC (3) CandD ~ BandD (4) Aand © Aand 6 9944 David wanted to investigate whether four rods, A, B, C and D were electrical conductors or insulators. He used the circuit shown. ——~—+--2— ‘The table below shows what happened when the switch was closed and certain rod(s) was/were removed, the bulb light up? Rod(s) removed from circuit A yes a BandC yes. | A, BandC no | A,CandD no | Which one of the following conclusions about the rods A, B, C and D is correct? “A B c | D (1) | conductor insulator conductor insulator @) insulator conductor conductor conductor (3) | _ conductor insulator insulator insulator (4) insulator conductor insulator conductor 10045 An experiment was conducted to investigate whether light can pass through four sheets, A,B, C and D made of different materials. The sheets were arranged in two set-ups P and Qas shown torch A Bc D torch c A BOD atti alii T T TJ T I é eae eee eee ee 0 10 20 30 40cm 0 10 20 30 40cm Set-up P Set-up Q The distance travelled by the light for each set-up was measured and the results are shown in the chart below. 40+ distance 30 travelled by light (em) 20 -b=-+ 10+ | ° | PQ set-up Which one of the following correctly describes sheets A, B, C and D? Does it allow light to pass through? A B | c | D () no not sure | yes | no | @ | yes no yes | _notsure | 3) not sure yes no | yes | (4) yes | no not sure no 10146 — Meiling conducted an experiment using four springs. P, Q, R and S each of equal length when unstretched, She hung a metal rod M from two of the springs at an equal distance apart. The results of her experiment are shown below. wv ° a © ° o In another experiment, she hung four equal masses from each of the springs, Which one of the following correctly represents how the four springs will be stretched? a) (2) @) 40247 Selvi blew air into a balloon and tied it tightly. air material of balloon After leaving the balloon in the refrigerator for a few hours, she observed that the balloon was smaller than before. Which one of the following is correct? Heat flowed from the (1) reftigerator to the air inside the balloon (2) refrigerator to the material of the balloon (3) material of the balloon to the air inside the balloon (4) air inside the balloon to the material of the balloon A ball was thrown straight up into the air. It moved from P to Q as shown in Figure 1 and then dropped to P as shown in Figure 2. Q oO at pe PO Figure 1 Figure 2 Which one of the following is correct? Potential energy of the ball | Kinetic energy of the ball from P to Q from Q to P a | decreases decreases (2) decreases increases (3) increases decreases (4) increases increases 10349 50 Three bar magnets AB, CD and EF can be arranged as shown below. Which one of the following arrangements of the magnets is not possible? a) (2) ole F E|B A B | c FLA|D c (3) (4) BlclF c F A[DIE A glass beaker containing boiling water was left on a table. Which of the following action(s) would cool the boiling water in the shortest time? A Put a metal spoon in the water. B Cover the top of the beaker with a wooden lid C Wrap the beaker with a cloth that was wet with tap water. (1) Aonly (2 Bonly (3) Aand C only (4) Band C only 10451 Study the circuit below. The batteries and bulbs are all working properly. 6. 4 Which one of the following correctly states the number of bulb(s) that would still be lit when one or more bulbs are blown? Bulb(s) that is/are blown Number of bulb(s) still lit (1) A 1 @ | c 3 @ | Band D 2 @ | E and F [ 4 52 Kelly heated some ice cubes in a beaker using a Bunsen bumer. After 10 minutes, all the ice melted. After another 10 minutes, the water started to boil. She then turned off the Bunsen burner 10 minutes after the water started to boil Which one of the following graphs correctly shows the results of Kelly's experiment? (1) (2) temperature (°C) temperature (°C) 4 100-4 0 40 20 30 40 time (min) temperature °C) (4) temperature (°C) * sol. oo4 1004 | 50: 0 10 20 30 40 time (min) 0 10 20 30 40 time (min) 10563 Mei Ling set up an experiment using a heat lamp, a piece of cardboard, a thermometer and a glass box with one side open. She covered the open side of the glass box with the cardboard. thermometer cardboard — heat lamp B glass box SSS When x= 5m, Mei Ling recorded the temperature every 10 min after the lamp was switched on. She then repeated her experiment with x = 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm each time. Mei Ling wanted to investigate how the temperature recorded is affected by (1) the thickness of the cardboard (2) the amount of heat produced by the lamp (3) __ the distance x between the lamp and the cardboard (4) the time taken for the heat to pass through the cardboard 4 An experiment was set up to investigate condensation of water vapour. The same amount of hot water at 90°C or ice-water at 0°C was poured into cups made of either glass or steel. The cups were of the same thickness, size and shape. Which one of the following cofrectly shows where water droplets would form after a short while? steel cup Oy steel 2 cup water droplets @) (4) ===} glass hot cup water — 10665 Siva conducted an experiment using a wooden block W and a flat wooden plank XY placed horizontally as shown in Figure 1 below. Figure 1 He raised end X of the plank slightly as shown in Figure 2 but the block did not slide down. When end X was raised high enough, Siva observed the block sliding down as shown in Figure 3 3 w w Se | I | y Figure 2 Figure 3 Which of the following statements is/are correct? A. Frictional force acted on the block when it was resting on the plank in Figure 1 B Frictional force acted on the block when the plank was being raised in Figure 2. C Frictional force acted on the block when it was sliding down the plank in Figure 3. (1) Aonly (2 Conly (@) Band C only (4) ABandc 10756 The diagram below shows part of a roller coaster ride that can be found in amusement parks. roller coaster car The roller coaster car travels from A to D. Which one of the following statements about the roller coaster car is correct? (1) Its kinetic energy at C is zero. (2) The gravitational force acting on it at D is zero. (3) The gravitational force acting on it at B is the same as the gravitational force acting on it atA. (4). Its total potential and kinetic energy at C is greater than its total potential and kinetic energy at B. 10857 Justin walked in a straight line from P to R as shown in Figure 1 below. At Q, he was directly under the lamp. The distance between P and Q is the same as the distance between Q and R. P Q R Figure 1 Figure 2 shows how the length of Justin's shadow on the ground changed during his walk length of 4 shadow oH time Figure 2 Based on the graph in Figure 2, which one of the following statements about Justin's walk is not correct? (1) He took two times longer to walk from Q to R than to walk from P to Q. (2) He walked at a slower speed between P and Q than between Q and R. (3) When he was directly under the lamp, the length of his shadow was zero. (4) As he walked away from the lamp from Q to R, his shadow became longer. 40958 Gopal set up four electrical circuits P, Q, R and S using identical batteries and identical bulbs. The batteries and bulbs ere all working properly. Circuit P Circuit Q Circuit R Circuit S Which one of the following is correct? Circuit(s) with brightly it bulb(s) | _Circuit(s) with dimly it bulb(s) a Q P,RandS @) "_ QandS PandR @ __RandS PandQ 4 P,QandR ~ s 11059 Shufen conducted an experiment using the set-up shown below. She measured the brightness of bulb X. In her second experiment, she connected another identical bulb Y and a switch to this circuit. Both bulbs X and Y lit up. Shufen measured the brightness of bulb X again. ‘She found that the brightness of bulb X remained the same in both experiments. Which of the following statement(s) about the circuit in Shufen's second experiment is/are correct? A There is only one path for the current to flow. B Each bulb can be switched on or off individually. When one bulb blows, the other bulb can still be lit. (1) Aonly (2) Bonly (3) Aand C only (4) Band C only 41160 Mariam tested three types of string X, Y and Z by hanging weights from each string She increased the weights until the string broke. The maximum weight that the strings could hold before breaking is shown below. x 3kg 5kg Tkg Mariam then tried a few arrangements of hanging different weights, Which one of the following arrangements would be possible? (1) aces (2) ayausn == (3) ayn (A) z Y z [ ako | 1kg 1kg Y x x z 1kg 2kg 2kg 1kg x z Y x 3ka [ 2k akg | [akg 11261 Four metal pins A, B, C and D were fixed onto a wooden board as shown in Figure 1 below. Figure 2 shows a battery and a buld connected to two wires X and Y. wooden A B board x . . D fe) ———&—_ Figure 4 Figure 2 Rui Yang connected some but not all of the pins on the wooden board in Figure 1 with wires, She then connected X and Y across different pairs of pins in turn. She recorded her results in the table below. Pin connected toX | PinconnectedtoY | Did the bulb light up?_| _ A [ B yes B Cc [ yes c D T no D —[_ A | no Which one of the following correctly shows the connections made by Rui Yang? (1) (2) A B A B ~~, aN D é | D @ (3) (4) A B A B va | D c D c Lee | 1132 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2.2 Open-ended questions Ban Leng carried out an experiment using a metal ball ball LE llmmnl le He dropped the ball from a height of 50 cm onto a container of sand. The ball created a circular dent which was 2 om in diameter and 1 cm deep. (a) Ban Leng dropped the metal ball from different heights, Predict how the depth of the dent would change with the height of drop. Give a reason for your prediction. [2] (b) People may be injured when they are hit by objects thrown out from high rise buildings. Give a reason for this. (1) 114Joan carried out the following experiment. She clamped a magnet as shown. Ametal clip, tied to the bench by a string of length 28 cm, was found to remain in the air. magnet metal clip retort stand (a) Give a reason why the metal clip did not drop. a] The magnet was heated to a certain temperature. Joan observed that the metal clip dropped unless she used a longer string of length 30 cm. (b) Give a reason why she had to use @ longer string of 30 om. (1) (c) Based on the above information, what can Joan say about the effect of heating a magnet? (a 1153 Danny set up an experiment as shown below. He pulled the load up a plank using a spring balance. He repeated the experiment for different values of angle x. spring balance The graph below shows the results of the experiment. pulling force (units) 250 150 50 angle x (°) o 10 20 30 40 50 (a) State how the pulling force changes with the angle x. t] (b) When the plank is horizontal, a force of 50 units is still needed to pull the load along the plank. Give a reason for this. (1) 116May Ling designed a model to count sheets of paper. torch light sensor C connected to |____- a meter eeee (a) When no paper is placed at position X, the light sensor shows a reading of 80 units. When a sheet of thin paper is placed at X, the reading becomes 32 units Give a reason for this observation. tt] May Ling repeated the experiment by increasing the number of sheets of the same type of paper. The table below shows her results. Number of sheets | Amount of light (units) 0 80 | | 1 32 i 2 13 3 | 3 4 2 5 4 | 6 ° 7 0 8 0 | (b) Give a reason why the set-up cannot be used to count more than 6 sheets of the paper. M1 (c) Describe one change that May Ling can make to the model if she wants to count up 4o 8 sheets of the same type of paper. tt] 4175 Joe hung two identical metal cups, Y and Z, from a horizontal rod. A lighted candle was then placed directly under cup Y as shown below. rod cup Y cup Z flame of candle After @ few minutes, Joe observed that the rod moved with cup Y moving up and cup Z moving down. (a) Joe explained that cup Y moved up because it had expanded and became lighter. What is wrong with his explanation? i (b) Explain what caused cup Y to move up. i 1186 Rita wanted to study the effect of some materials on the loudness of sound, She set up an experiment as shown below. She covered the open side of a sound-proof box with material P. material P sound-proof box. sound sensor eo The clock was set to ring at a certain loudness. She recorded the loudness of the clock with a sound sensor placed at a fixed distance. She repeated the experiment using materials Q and R of the same thickness as material P. The table below shows the results. material | loudness of sound (unit) P| 80 Q 30 R 50 | (a) Give a reason why the thickness of materials P, Q and R should be the same to ensure a fair test. (1) (b) The windows in Rita's bedroom face a noisy road. She wants to make her room quieter. Which material, P, Q or R, should she use for the windows? Give a reason for your answer. tl 1197 The diagram below shows a way to separate magnetic metals and non-magnetic metals. Mr Tan poured a mixture of metals onto a moving belt Y. belt X LE mixture of metals belt Y magnet (a) Explain how magnetic metals were picked up by the moving belt X and then collected in bin C. (2) (b) One way to fill bin C faster is to pour more metals on belt Y. Suggest another way to fil bin C faster. Ml 120The diagram below shows a toy. Each vane is white on one side and black on the other. air — glass ——\ ~~ white side of vane be black side of vane When Ahmad shone a torch on the toy, the vanes started rotating (a) State the energy changes that occurred, tl (b) If @ brighter light source is used, state whether the vanes would rotate faster or slower. Give a reason for your answer. 1] (c) When the light source was removed, the vanes stopped rotating after a while. What could have caused the vanes to lose its energy? (1) 1219 Samy set up an experiment as shown below. metal clip container made of material Q liquid P When the metal clips were connected to the container, the bulb lit up. State whether liquid P and material Q must be conductor(s) of electricity Give a reason for your answer. 21 | Mustit bea reason conductor of electricity? (no / yes) (a) (b) | material a 12210 The set-up below uses a light sensor to count the number of identical object X on a moving belt. em sensor connected to a counter moving belt NO S&S light source The belt moves at a constant speed. When an object X is between the light source and the sensor, it blocks the light from reaching the sensor. The data recorded is shown in the graph below. brightness (unit) + ] [] | | | i I O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 time (s) (a) Based on the graph, how many object X passed the sensor in 22 seconds? (1) (b) The light source and the sensor are placed 3 cm above the belt. State whether an object that is less than 3 cm in height can be counted Give a reason for your answer. nM (c) The set-up can count 20 object X in a minute when the belt is moving at its maximum speed ‘Suggest one way to count more than 20 object X in a minute without changing the speed of the belt. [11 123rT The graph below shows how the length of Daisy's shadow changes over a period of time as she waiks in a straight line near a street lamp at night. (a) (b) (c) length of shadow (m) time (s) Two properties of light caused shadows to be formed. One of these properties is light travels in a straight line. State the other property. tt} Is Daisy walking towards or away from the lamp during the period Y shown in the graph? Give a reason for your answer. (1 From the graph, Ken concluded that Daisy was walking at a slower speed during period X compared to period Y. Explain how did Ken come to this conclusion. [1] 12412 (a) A steel bar AB was magnetised using the “stroke” method as shown in Diagram 1 below. Diagram 2 shows the magnetic poles of AB after it was magnetised. magnet V/ ae Ny, N A B A Diagram 1 Diagram 2 ‘Another steel bar CD was magnetised using two magnets as shown in Diagram 3 below. Vt i \ 1 \w it S ae \ c D Diagram 3 State what the magnetic poles of the steel bar CD would be at C and D. ah i) ATC: (ii) At D: {b) Darren wanted to magnetise a steel bar XY using the North poles of two magnets as shown in Diagram 4 below. Diagram 4 Give a reason why steel bar XY cannot be magnetised by Darren's method. [1] 125413 Jenny filled a plastic bottle with some water. She placed the bottle near the top of a wooden plank at A as shown below. When she released the bottle, it rolled down to B. plastic bottle wooden plank wooden block She had other materials that she could use: + some water * a stopwatch + ameasuring cylinder Jenny wanted to find out how the volume of water in the bottle would affect the time taken for the bottle to roll down from A to B. (a) Describe how she could carry out her experiment. (2 (b) Inher experiment, Jenny decided to keep the height of the wooden plank constant. How did this make her experiment a fair test? [1] 12614 (a) William conducted an experiment by heating three similar rods made of metals A, B and C for 20 minutes. He recorded the lengths of each rod before and after the heating in the table below. Metal | Length before heating (mm) | Length after 20 min of heating (mm) A_| 200 | 207 8 | 200 210 c 200 204 (i) Based on the results of his experiment, what could William conclude about the effect of heating different metals? (1) (ii) In another experiment, William heated a thicker rod made of metal B of length 200 mm for 20 minutes. Would the length of this rod after the heating be less than, equal to, or more than 210 mm? Give a reason for your answer. tl (vb) Ametal bridge has gaps at its ends as shown below. metal bridge What would happen to the bridge on a very hot day if there were no gaps? Give a reason for your answer. 21 12715 (a) (b) In the circuits P and Q below, ali the bulbs are lit. Circuit P Circuit Q In the table below, write down the number of bulbs that would remain lit when one of the bulbs in each circuit is blown. (2) Circuit P Circuit Q Number of bulbs remaining lit | In circuit R below, all the bulbs B1, B2, B3 and B¢ are lit, B2 Bt B4 Circuit R Write down the smaliest and the largest number of bulbs that would remain lit when one of the bulbs in circuit R is blown. Give a reason for your answer. (2 (i) Smallest number of bulbs remaining lit: Reason: (i) Largest number of bulbs remaining lit Reason: 12846 Sally filled a test tube with some water. She placed the test tube in a beaker of water. The test tube floated as shown below in Diagram 1 ‘When she fled the test tube with more water and placed it in the beaker of water, the test tube sank as shown in Diagram 2 = rubber stopper test tube beaker of water Diagram 1 Diagram 2 (a) Give a reason why the test tube sank when it was filed with more water. Uh (b) A submarine is a type of boat that can travel underwater in the sea as shown in Diagram 3. It has tanks which can be filled with water. The tanks are fixed inside the submarine. submarine Diagram 3 Based on Sally's experiment, what should be done to make the submarine rise from underwater to the surface of the sea? (1) 129147 A water tank used for flushing a toilet bow! is shown below. The flushing and re-filing system is not shown in the diagram. water tank level L After flushing, water enters and re-fills the tank. The tank will stop filling when the water reaches level L. James wanted to use less water to flush the toilet bowl. Michelle suggested putting a plastic bottle filled with stones into the water tank. (a) Explain how Michelle's suggestion would help reduce the amount of water used to flush the toilet bowl. tl (b) Michelle's method is based on a property of matter. State this property. tt) 13048 Inanexperiment, an inflated balloon was glued to a toy car. Atk, in the diagram below, air was released from the balloon which caused the car to move forward. At L, all the air had escaped but the car continued to move forward. The car came to a stop at M. glue balloon (a) Give a reason why the car continued to move forward from L towards M. (1 (b) Suggest two ways to make the car move a longer distance in the experiment. [2] 13119 Aishah set up an experiment using a bar magnet. She placed pins, one at a time, at A, B and C until no more pins could be attracted by the magnet. She observed the following result shown in Figure 1. bar magnet A B cr) ; f pins Figure 1 (a) What can Aishah conclude about the bar magnet based on her observation? [1] Aishah was given two similar metal rods P and Q. One of the rods was a magnet and the other was a magnetic material. She wanted to find out which rod was the magnet. Aishah arranged the rods P and Q as shown in Figure 2. She found that there was a strong force of attraction between the rods. When she re-arranged the rods as shown in Figure 3, the force of attraction between them was weak. Q strong force P weak force of attraction of attraction p— Q Figure 2 Figure 3 (b) Which rod, P or Q, was the magnet? Give a reason for your answer. i 13220 Nancy helped her mother wash the plates after dinner. She placed the wet plates, one on top of another as shown in Figure 1 and left them to dry. Figure 1 Nancy's mother told her that the plates would dry faster if she placed them on a rack as shown in Figure 2. rack Figure 2 (a) Give two reasons why the plates in Figure 2 would dry faster than those in Figure 1 2] Reason 1: Reason 2: (b) Other than using a cloth to wipe the plates, suggest one way to make the plates in Figure 2 dry even faster. 0) 13321 Matthew designed an electrical system for a fan and an air conditioner in his room as shown below. The system prevents both the fan and air conditioner from being turned on at the same time. Wis an iron bar placed inside a coil of wire. P and Q are two iron pins in contact with each other. Pin P is fixed. Pin Q is attached to a metal rod X and can move sideways. ——— i] w | Pa fan | On a hot afternoon, Matthew closed switch S1 to turn the fan on, His friend James felt that the room was still too warm and closed switch S2 to turn the air conditioner on. (a) (b) (c) What would happen to pin Q after switch S2 was closed? Give a reason for your answer. (2) Give a reason why the fan was turned off when James closed the switch $2. [1] Suggest a reason why Matthew designed the system so that the fan and air conditioner would not be turned on at the same time. ft 13422 Beng Hock conducted an experiment to investigate the flow of water through two different types of sand using set-ups A and B. He poured 100 cm* of water into each of the set-ups as shown, water water large sand ‘small sand particles particles Set-up A Set-up B After 5 minutes, he observed that more water was collected in set-up A than in set-up B. (a) Give a reason for this observation i) Beng Hock wanted to find out whether water from a river that flowed through a farm could be cleaned. He used the set-up shown below. He poured 100 cm’ of water from the river onto the fine sand. After some time, clear water was collected in the beaker. water from the river fine sand ‘ , clear water (b) Give a reason why Beng Hock used fine sand instead of large sand particles in this ‘experiment. (] (c) Beng Hock's friend, Tommy, said that the water collected was safe for drinking, since it was clear. Do you agree with Tommy? Give a reason for your answer. [1] 13523 Graph 1 shows how the increase in length of two springs, P and Q changed when loads were hung from them, increase in length Pp Q 0 load Graph 1 (a) Based on Graph 1, which spring, P or Q, can be stretched more easily? Give 2 reason for your answer. ti Teck Yong conducted an experiment using a different spring, R. He hung a 5 g load from R and measured the increase in the length of R. He repeated the experiment by adding a 5 g load, one at a time, until the total load was 25 g, Next, Teck Yong started to remove a §g load, one at a time, until there was no more load left. Graph 2 shows his results. increase in length (cm) OA: when load was added AB: when load was removed load (9) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Graph 2 (b) If the original length of the spring was 3 cm, what was its length when there was no more load left? Give a reason for your answer. 2] 136