Object Based Vector

Data Model
Object Based Data Model
⚫ It stores spatial data and attribute data together in a single
system.
⚫ The object-based data model uses objects to represent and
organize spatial features
⚫ It eliminates the use of a split system and the need for data
synchronization.
⚫ It uses objects to represent and organize spatial features
such as a road, a university etc.
⚫ The spatial data (geometry) is stored as an attribute along
with other attributes.
⚫ Almost everything we work within GIS can be represented
as an object.
⚫ Implemented as extension to standard relational database
technology
⚫ Spatial data are stored in a special field using a data type
BLOB(Binary Large Object)
⚫ An object can have properties (attribute or characteristics)
and methods (perform a specific action).
⚫ Users can add behavior, properties, rules and relationships
to data
⚫ It extends the coverage model with support for complex
networks, relationships among feature classes, and other
object-oriented feature
Objects & Object Classes
⚫ A class is a set of objects with similar attributes.
⚫ A class defines the properties and methods of objects.
⚫ Objects are grouped into classes and classes are grouped
into superclasses and subclasses.
⚫ Objects can be related to other objects via relationships
⚫ Objects have unique system identifiers (OID)
⚫ The Object Oriented approach has suggested the
relationship of association, aggregation, composition,
inheritance and instantiation that can be established
between classes.
Interface
⚫ An interface represents a set of externally visible
operations of an object.
⚫ Properties and methods of an object cannot be used
directly but with an interface that has been implemented
on the object.
⚫ It covers three basic principles – encapsulation,
inheritance, and polymorphism.
Geodatabase Data Model
⚫ It uses the geometrics of point, polyline, and polygon to represent
vector based spatial features.
⚫ The Geodatabase model distinguishes between “feature class” and
“feature dataset” in data structure.
⚫ A feature class stores spatial data of same geometry type.
⚫ A feature dataset stores feature classes that share the same
coordinate system and area extent.
⚫ A point feature may be a simple feature with a point or a multipoint
feature with a set of points.
⚫ A polyline feature is a set of line segments, which may or may not be
connected.
⚫ A polygon feature may be made of one or may rings.
⚫ A ring is a set of connected, closed, nonintersecting line segments.
Features and Feature Classes
⚫ Features are objects with required shape (Points, Multi-points,
Lines & Polygons) that represent a real world object in a layer
on a map.
⚫ Features classes are collections of features with same type of
feature geometry and attributes.
⚫ A feature class is also an object class which stores spatial
objects (features) (e.g.,Parcels).
⚫ All the features in a feature class are in the same spatial
reference.
⚫ Feature classes which store topological features must be
contained within a feature dataset to ensure a common spatial
reference.
Advantages of Geodatabase model
1. Object oriented technology
2. It provides a convenient framework for storing and
managing different types of GIS data. Beside vector data
it can also store raster data, location data ad attribute
tables etc.
3. It eliminates the complexity of coordinating between the
spatial and attribute components.
4. It allows custom objects to be developed for different
industries and applications.