Coe Xe eae eee era 5.1 Making compounds 1. Use different sized circles: add element symbols to the circles or use adifferent colour. 2. CEA Drarticles are close together and regularly arranged in the solids, particles are separated and randomly arranged in the gas. 3. Magnesium oxide is « white compound, solid, dull. Magni is agrey solid metal, shiny conductor of heat and electricity. Oxygen is a colourless gas non- metal, non-conductor of heat and electricity. 4. a) iron, sulfur b) iron sulfide ¢) The iron sulfide cannot easily be turned back into iron and sulfur. 5. Temperature change, ges given off, colour change, precipitate formed 6. _Limewater changes fiom clear and colourless to milky white. 7. Collectthe gas in two test tubes, holda lighted splint near the mouth ofa test tube, A pop sound shows that the gas is hydrogen. Confirm that no oxygen is. present by placing a glowing splint inside the other test tube. It should not relight. 5.2 Forming precipitates 1 2 3. A soluble substance can dissolve, but an insoluble substance cannot dissolve. ‘The mixture of water anda soluble substance isa solution and is clear, but the mixture of water and an insoluble substance is cloudy. The diagram would become complicated and difficult to draw or interpret. Calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide are soluble, and calcium carbonate is insoluble. 5.3 Neutralisation reactions 1. Itisalkaline or weakly alkaline 2. Itis pH2, acidic or strongly acidic 3 7 4. Take the acid and add some universal indicator. Add the alkali one drop at a time/dropwise. Neutralisation has happened when the universal indicator turns green. Alternatively, use pH paper or a pH probe to measure pH. Neutralisation has happened when the PH equals 7. 5. Green 6. Use colour of indicator to estimate pH of solution in the beaker each time a drop of alkali is added, Line graph with volume of alkall (in cm*) on the x-axis and PH on the y-axis, Use a pH meter to measure the pH of the solution. aris Before carrying out chemical reaction, or when testing urine or blood.