CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

V.PRABHA

18BLA1083

1. Short title, commencement and extent.__ (1) This Act may be cited as the Code of Civil Procedure,
1908. (2) It shall come into force on the first day of January, 1909. 1 [(3) It extends to the whole of
Pakistan.]

2. Definitions. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,__ (1) "Code"
includes rules: (2) "decree" means the formal expression of an adjudication which, so far as regards the
Court expressing it, conclusively determines the rights of the parties which regard to all or any of the
matters in controversy in the suit and may be either preliminary or final. It shall be deemed to include
the rejection of a plaint 2 [,the determination of any question within section 144 and an order under
rule 60, 98, 99, 101, or 103 of Order XXI], but shall not include __ (a) any adjudication from which an
appeal lies as an appeal from an order, or (b) any order of dismissal for default.

Civil law and Common Law are terms used interchangeably in Pakistan, however, both legal
concepts are diverse and relate to different methods of legal interpretation. Civil Law is referred to
as a system of interpretation where judicial precedents are given lesser weight as opposed to a
judge’s interpretation of the statute in light of scholarly literature which is afforded greater
preference. Common law is a system of laws where judges in light of earlier precedents or cases
decide the matter at hand. They apply to analogy or principle derived from earlier decided cases
with similar legal or factual scenarios. This affords much greater certainty to legal decisions. For
instance, a litigant can to some extent predict outcome of his case particularly when a court higher
in the hierarchy has decided a similar case. The lower courts are often bound by decisions of the
higher courts. This is referred to as the concept of binding precedents.

Case law:

ARREST AND DETENTION 55.--(l) A judgment-debtor may be arrested in execution of a decree at any
hour and on any day, and shall, as soon as practicable, be brought before the Court 3[which may make
an order for his detention in prison to suffer simple imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year;]
Provided, firstly, that, for the purpose of making an arrest under this section, no dwelling house shall be
entered after sunset and before sunrise; Provided, secondly, that no outer-door of a dwelling-house
shall be broken open unless such dwelling-house is in the occupancy of the judgment-debtor and he
refuses or in any way present access thereto, but when the officer authorized to make the arrest has
duly gained access to any dwelling-house, he may break open the door of any room in which be has
reason to believe the judgment-debtor is to be found; Provided, thirdly, that if the room ii in the actual
occupancy of a woman who is not the Judgement debtor and who according to the customs of the
country does not appear in public, the officer authorized to make the arrest shall give notice to her that
she is at liberty to withdraw, and, after allowing a reasonable time for her to withdraw and giving her
reasonable facility for withdrawing, may enter the room for the purpose of making the arrest; Provided
fourthly, that, where the decree in execution of which a judgment-debtor is arrested, is a decree for the
payment of money and the judgment-debtor pays the amount of the decree and the costs of the arrest
to the officer arresting him, such officer shall at once release him; (2) The l[Provincial Government] may
by notification in the 2[official Gazette], declare that any person or class of persons whose arrest might
be attended with danger or inconvenience to the public shall not be liable to arrest in execution of a
decree otherwise than in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed by the [Provincial
Government] in this behalf. 3[(3) A judgment-debtor detained in prison under sub section (1) shall not,
merely by reason of undergoing such imprisonment, be discharged from his liability under the decree,
but he shall not be liable to be re-arrested under the decree in execution of which he was so detained in
prison.] 61. Notwithstanding anything in this Part, the Court the arrest or detention in the 4[* *] prison
execution of a decree for the payment of money. 62. [* * * * * * *] 63. Every person detained in prison
in execution of decree shall be released from such detention, before the expiry of the period of
detention, if- (a) the amount mentioned in the warrant for his detention is paid to the officer in charge
of the prison; or (b) the decree against him is otherwise fully satisfied; or (c) the person on whose
application he has been detained so requests; Provided that he shall not be released from such
detention without the order of the Court.] 64. [* * * * * * * *] 65. (1) The following property is liable to
attachment and sale in execution of a decree, namely, lands houses or other buildings, goods, money,
bank-notes, cheques, bills of exchange, hundis, promissory notes, Government securities, bonds or
other securities for money, debts, shares in a corporation and, save as hereinafter mentioned, all 4other
saleable property, movable or immovable, belonging to the judgment-debtor, or over which or the
profits of which. be has a disposing power which he may exercise for his own benefit, whether the same
be held in the name of the judgment-debtor or by another person in trust of him or on his behalf:
Provided that the following particulars shall not be liable to such attachment or sale, namely:- (a) the
necessary wearing-apparel, cooking vessels, beds and bedding of the judgmentdebtor, his wife and
children, and such personal ornaments as. in accordance with religious usage, cannot be parted with any
woman; (b) tools of artisans arid, where the judgment-debtor is art agriculturist, his implements of
husbandry and such cattle and seed-grain as may, in the opinion of the Court, be necessary to enable
him to earn his livelihood as such, and such portion of agricultural produce, or of any class of agricultural
produce as may have been declared to be free from liability under the provisions of the next following
section; (c) houses and other buildings (with the materials ahd the sizes thereof and the land
immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) belonging to an agriculturist and
cccupied by him; (d) books of accounts; (e) a mere right to sue for damages ; (f) any right of personal
service ; (g) stipends and gratuities allowed to 2[pensioners of the 3[Government], or payable out of any
service family and the cost.

Provisions of Section 148 to 153B of CPC

The law relating to inherent powers of Court is mentioned in Section 148 to Section 153A of the Civil
Procedure Code, which deals with the exercise of powers in different situations. Following are the
provisions of Inherent powers of Courts:

 Section 148 and Section 149 deals with grant or enlargement of time;
 Section 150 deals with the transfer of business;
 Section 151 protects the inherent powers of the courts; and
 Section 152, 153 and Section 153A deals with amendments in judgments, decrees or orders or
in separate proceedings.