CA New Project - PDF 1 April

MASTER OF COMMERCE ( DISTANCE )
INDEX
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR Page 1

Sr. No. Particulars Page No.
1 Introduction 03
2 Company Profile 14
3 Terminologies 18
4 Objectives of study 25
5 Scope of study 29
6 Need of study 32
7 Contribution during study 34
8 Limitations 43
9 Research Methodology 45
10 Findings 48
11 Conclusion 50
12 Suggestions 52
13 Bibliography 54

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

 INRODUCTION
ACCOUNTANCY
AUDITING
COST ACCOUNTANCY
TAXATION
MANAGEMENT
INVESTIGATIVE
SPECIAL CORPORATIVE
ACTIVITY

 INTRODUCTION :-
In the present day, accountants no longer record every transaction of a company
orany corporate body with the help of pen and pencils using a ledger book. After the birth of
computers and the emergence of digitalization in most professional sectors in India, accounting
is also computerized.
For the past few decades, computerized data has been used mainly in the field of
science and technology. However, as the years go by, computerized accounting systems are also
becoming quite common.
Several accounting firms still perform book-keeping manually, while most firms
comprise financial transactions that can be a lot for a manual accounting process. Moreover, the
complicated financial transactions of a firm are quite difficult to be recorded manually. That led
to the introduction of the concept of computerized accounting systems.
Before you learn the meaning of computerized accounting, it is important to know
about the various factors to consider before using such a system.
Chartered Accountancy belongs to the non-technical field. It is a profession that

has become a pioneer in India because of the significantly increased need for accounting and
realistic visibility. Taxation, corporate finance, assessment of projects, corporation and enterprise
regulation, auditing, accounting practises are all fields included in this profession.
Compared with other programmes, the extent of cost in this professional training is not at all
expensive. In this course, the only commitment factor is time: it takes just 4 years from the
beginning to the end. The kinds of roles that the chartered accounts usually execute are very
distinct. Some of the following functions are listed:

Accountancy:- Writing of reports and financial documents of smaller club receipts. Also
preparing the complicated and comprehensive accounts of major public limited corporations.
Auditing:- Auditing helps to ensure that consumers of financial records are comfortable with the
appropriate principles of auditing of their accounts.
Cost accountancy:- A chartered accountant can offer cost advice data, enforce cost management
policies and help track the prices of proper sales.
Taxation:- Tax valuation is very much associated with financial statements. With his expertise
in accounting, the Chartered Accountant is in a beneficial role to draw up tax returns, convey the
taxes across income tax authorities and support his clients with general tax guidance.
Management:- All of the Institute‘s top management positions in business and industry also
have their own corporate directors.
Investigative: – Chartered accountants are also invited to conduct inquiries into the financial
state of the corporation to issue new shares, buy or sell or finance the firm, figure out whether
revenues, reconstructions and amalgamations can be improved or lowered.
Special corporate activities:- The chartered accountants‘ services are also pursued in matters
such as details, funding arrangement and the liquidation of limited firms.
If you are decided to take the CA course , we can ensure you that proper guidance and practices
will be given to you. We also have branches at . If you are looking to excel in your career then
connect with us

 Features of Computerized Accounting Systems
The characteristic features of computerized accounting systems are as follows –
a. Components of computerized accounting systems are software programs which are
installed on a company machine, network server or accessed remotely with the help of the
Internet.
b. Such a system allows accounting professionals to set up income and expense accounts
such as purchases and sales accounts, salary distribution account, advertising expenses account,
etc.
c. The process of computerized accounting systems includes programs that can be used to
manage and control bank accounts, prepare company budgets, etc.
d. Depending upon the program and how advanced it is, accountants can also construct
tax documents, handle company payroll, and manage project expenses properly.
e. Programs in this system can be customized as per user demands. This feature helps
every accounting professional to meet the requirements of their firm .

 ACCOUNTING CYCLE :-
IDENTIFY
TRANSACTION
RECORD
CLOSE BOOKS JOURAL
ENTRIES
CREATE FINAL POST JOURNAL

STATEMENT TRANSACTION
CALCULATION
FIX JOURNAL UNADJUSTED
ENTRY ERRORS TRIAL
BALANCE
ANALYZE
WORKSHEET &
IDENTIFY
ERRORS

 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION :-

 India :-
In India, Chartered Accountants are regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of

India (ICAI) which was established by the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949. Associate members
of the ICAI are entitled to add the prefix CA to their names. Members who are in full-time
practice, and have completed five years of practice, can use Fellow Chartered Accountant
(FCA). As of 1 April 2021, the Institute had 327,081 members.
Entry to the profession can be made by taking the CA Foundation Course after completion of
schooling (12th grade). Alternatively, graduates may train as an articled assistant for three years
in a chartered firm before final exam or after completion of Intermediate of Cost Accountant or
Company Secretary. A comprehensive 100 hours of information technology training and an
orientation programme for soft skills development have to be completed before being
articled. However the CA certification is limited to the geographical boundary of India and is not
valid in countries that follow different standards of accounting practice. After clearing of CA
final examination, one may apply for membership to ICAI.
A big and transformative step is starting the path to become a Chartered Accountant (CA) in
India. Making the appropriate company decision is essential for a successful career. We‘ll
examine the top 10 CA businesses in India in this blog, providing prospective CAs with in-depth
insights into the changing fields of finance and accounting.
 List of Top 10 CA Firms in India (2023) :
 Deloitte India:
With pride, Deloitte India, one of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd.‘s illustrious subsidiaries, can
boast that it is the biggest of India‘s ―big four‖ accounting companies. This industry leader in
accounting is a shining example of quality, providing a wide range of services that go beyond the
norm, such as audit, tax, consulting, and more.

Deloitte‘s dedication to fostering a successful career trajectory for its staff is reflected in its
broad range of service offerings. The company not only makes sure that its employees are
knowledgeable about the nuances of auditing and taxation, but it also offers channels for
consulting services, meeting a wide range of customer needs. Deloitte‘s extensive global
presence is one of its main advantages. With more than 200,000 employees worldwide, Deloitte
has established itself as the unquestioned leader in the CA sector.
 PwC India:
Price Waterhouse Coopers (PwC India) is a mission-driven organization that is dedicated to

providing superior tax and advisory services. PwC India, one of the main four CA companies in
India, is regarded as a pillar because it is more than just an accounting company; it is a center
where missions are supported and excellence is the standard.
PwC India stands out due to both its enormous global impact and local relevance. PwC India is a
major player in the field of chartered accounting, with a network spanning 157 countries and a
staff reaching over 280,000 individuals. Professionals who want to leave their imprint on the
world stage have a wide range of chances for career progress as a result of this broad reach.
 Ernst & Young India :-
 A key player among the nation‘s top four CA audit companies, Ernst & Young (EY) India is a
force to be reckoned with in the field of chartered accounting. EY India stands out due to its
global affiliation as a proud member of Ernst & Young Global Ltd., not only because of its local
influence.
 EY India provides a range of services that transcend conventional limitations. EY India offers a
comprehensive platform for professionals to polish their abilities across many elements of
finance and accounting, from transaction advising to assurance, consulting, and tax services.
Through this holistic approach, aspirant chartered accountants can investigate several facets of
the financial world in addition to developing knowledge in their primary areas.

 KPMG India:
KPMG India, a crucial member of the Big 4 auditors, is more than simply a business; it‘s a vast
ecosystem that provides a range of services that go beyond conventional limitations. KPMG
India is a force to be reckoned with in the area of chartered accounting, offering financial
services, business consultancy, regulatory services pertaining to taxes, and risk advisory.
KPMG India‘s strength comes from both its global connectivity and its local influence. KPMG
India is a member of a huge worldwide network with its global headquarters in the Netherlands.
It becomes a powerhouse with this global presence, offering prospective Chartered Accountants
a variety of options for professional development.
 BDO India:
With origins in the prestigious Binder Seidman International Group, BDO India is a well-known
CA firm praised for more than just its financial prowess—it is also praised for its unfailing
professionalism. BDO India emerges as a powerful force in the complex world of chartered
accountancy, where accuracy and professionalism are essential.
Not only is BDO India well-known locally, but it is also well-regarded internationally. BDO
India inherits an international pedigree of quality thanks to its history with the Binder Seidman
International Group. BDO India is positioned as a company that comprehends both the
complexities of worldwide business environments and local financial landscapes thanks to its
global connections.
 Grant Thornton International:
Grant Thornton India is more than just a business; it‘s a strategic player aiming to become a
dominant force in the accounting industry. Grant Thornton India fosters a vibrant atmosphere for
prospective Chartered Accountants looking to advance their careers by concentrating on tax,
advising, and independent assurance services.
The strategic approach that Grant Thornton India takes to the intricate world of finance sets it
apart. It involves more than just crunching figures; it also involves navigating the complex web

of tax legislation, offering strategic advising services, and making sure independent assurance
gives clients trust.
 RSM India:
RSM India, a leader in the field of taxation services, is happy to be ranked as the 7th largest
professional services network. RSM India stands out not only for its size but also for its
dedication to excellence, making it a great option for prospective chartered accountants looking
for a rewarding and exciting career.
RSM India stands itself as a leader in the complex world of taxation services by offering a wide-
ranging platform for experts to succeed. Its ranking as the 7th largest professional services
network is evidence of its power and significance on a worldwide level.
 SR Dinodia & Co. LLP:
A reputable organization that has carved out a place in audit, tax, accounting, and consultancy is
SR Dinodia & Co. LLP in New Delhi. It stands out due to its global presence as well as local
influence, providing unique career opportunities for prospective Chartered Accountants.
SR Dinodia & Co. LLP‘s success comes from both its wide range of service offerings and its
extensive global network. The company transforms into a hub where local expertise meets global
perspectives thanks to its more than 170 alliance partners located all over the world. Due to its
widespread presence, it is an alluring choice for people looking for a well-rounded professional
career.
 Lodha & Co.:
The accounting and taxes services provided by Lodha & Co. are of the highest caliber, earning
them recognition on a global scale. This organization, which has made a name for itself on the

international arena and attracted aspiring Chartered Accountants with its reputation for quality, is
more than just a business.
What sets Lodha & Co. apart is not just its local presence but its strategic positioning in key
cities. With branch offices strategically located, it ensures that its professional services reach
corporate clients in various economic hubs. This strategic placement creates a dynamic
environment, providing abundant opportunities for career building for professionals who seek to
thrive in diverse financial landscapes.
 Luthra & Luthra India:
In India, Luthra & Luthra is more than just a business; it is a leading provider of professional
accounting services and a front-runner in its field. It becomes a shelter for young aspiring
Chartered Accountants looking for a platform for a successful career by providing a wide range
of services in audit, advice, taxation, and corporate law.
In addition to its service offerings, Luthra & Luthra is known for its dedication to innovative
accounting solutions. Luthra & Luthra offers a platform where professionals may develop,
address difficult problems, and support the expansion of their clients in the dynamic world of
finance and corporate law, where creativity and accuracy collide.

CHAPTER 2
COMAPANY
PROFILE

 V. R. Kulkarni & CO. Chartered Accountants
We are a Chartered Accountant Partnership Firm with team of qualified and
motivated professionals, offering integrated one-stop services. We primarily focus on

Accounting, Audit & Assurance, Management Advisory, Consultation in Taxation,
Economic and Other related laws and Transaction Advisory Services. We have exceptional
and leading edge expertise in the areas of Statutory Audit of listed companies, Statutory
Audit of NBFC, Internal Audit, International Accounting, RERA, Direct Taxation,
International Taxation, Goods & Services Tax, Corporate Laws, Foreign Exchange Laws and
Debt and Equity Advisory Services. From the experience gained by the founding partner, it is
understood that there is a huge vacuum in the Indian professional services sector, where the
firms have expertise in independent domains but are not equipped with a holistic approach to
assist the client‘s business. The genesis of our firm is to fill this vacuum and provide
integrated solution to client‘s business. To withstand the ever-increasing competition faced
by corporates in the vibrant global economy coupled with increasing responsibilities on
human resources, we aim at enhancing the economic well-being of an organization by
providing timely services which add significant value addition to the client‘s business.
 VISION :-
―Our vision is simple-becoming leading consultancy firm operating worldwide.
With the intent of upholding the ethics of financial affairs, not only we streamline your economic
operations, but we also elevate the goodwill to a whole new level with our consultancy services.‖
 MISSION :-
Becoming a leader to provide legal and financial services in economy to get more
opportunity for an organization.

 VALUES :-
1. Meeting commitements made to external and internal customers .

2. Faster learning, creativity and speed of individuals.
3. Respect for dignity and potential of individuals.
4. Loyalty and pride of the company.
5. Team playing.
6. Zeal to excel.
7. Integrity and fairn
Examples of C.A Firm in a sentence
1. I confirm that I have authority of [Insert Name of the C.A. Firm] to submit the proposal
and to negotiate on its behalf.
2. If a CA Firm appointed in more than 3 state then they have to withdraw their name so as
to keep it up to 3 States/ UTs only.
3. Financial competencey documentation which must include; Certified Audit Report for
last three (03) years duly issued by CA Firm registered with ICAP.
4. If a CA Firm appointed in more than 3 States, then they have to withdraw their name so
as to keep it up to 3 States/ UTs only.
5. The Payments to the CA Firm will be made on the basis services provided and on
satisfactory work verification by Director (Finance).

6. The payments shall be made promptly by the purchaser, generally within thirty (30) days
after submission of an invoice or request for payment by the CA Firm and the purchaser
has accepted it.
7. No. 2, the firm must submit, a copy of the Audited Balance Sheet & Profit & Loss
Account for the last three years otherwise a Certificate issued by any C.A. Firm may also
be provided in this regard giving the break-up of Fees (Audit Fee, Taxation and Others).
8. In the event of any information found to be incorrect the Institute is at liberty to reject the
proposal of the CA Firm.
9. All payments to CA Firm will be made subject to deduction of TDS (Tax deduction at
Source) as per the income- Tax Act, 1961, penalty for late payments and other taxes if
any as per Government of India rules.
10. All payments to CA Firm will be made subject to deduction of TDS (Tax deduction at
Source) as per the income- Tax Act,1961, penalty for late payments and other taxes if any
as per Government of India rules.ess in all matters.

CHAPTER 3
TERMINOLOGIES

TERMINOLOGIES
BOOK KEEPING TERMINOLOGY
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
BALANCE SHEET
COSTS OF GOODS SOLD
CURRENT ASSETS
EQUITY
EXPENCES
FIXED ASSETS
GENERAL LEDGER
INCOME STATEMENT
LIABILITIES
NET INCOME
REVENUE

 TERMINOLOGIES
 Bookkeeping Terminology
 Accounts Payable – Outstanding payments the company currently owes to suppliers,

vendors, and Creditors — essentially any bills the company still has
yet to pay.
 Accounts Receivable – Outstanding payments the company is currently owed by all

customers or clients. Basically, this is anything the company bills out.
 Balance Sheet – A financial document that reconciles all the company's assets with
their liabilities and equity.
 Costs of Goods Sold – The total money spent to produce goods and services,
including production, labor, storage and material costs.
 Current Assets – Capital that has immediate value (typically that which will be used
within one year), including cash, sellable products or accounts
receivable.
 Equity – All capital currently invested in the company, including any profits that have
been re-invested as retained earnings.
 Expenses – Any additional money spent operating the company that's not
associated with the production of sellable products and services. Examples of

expenses include office supplies, lease for the place of business and employee wages .
 Fixed Assets – Assets with long-term value, such as land and property, tools and
machinery, or vehicles.2
 General Ledger – Record of all financial transactions across all of a company's

accounts, which is maintained continuously for the entire life of the company.
 Income Statement – All outstanding debts owed by the company. This could include
accounts payable, loans, liens on property or other long-term investments.
 Liabilities – Outstanding payments the company is currently owed by all customers or

clients. Basically, this is anything the company bills out.
 Net Income – The company's total profit (or loss, if negative) once costs and expenses
are subtracted from revenue.
 Revenue – All incoming money from selling products and services or generated
through a company's additional assets, before expenses are taken into account. Also
referred to as "gross income."

TERMINOLOGY USED IN CALCULATION
CREDIT
DEBIT
RETURN ON INVESTMENT
PRENSENT VALUE

 Terminology Used in Calculations
 Credit – An entry on a balance sheet that decreases asset values and/or increases
liability and equity values.
 Debit – An entry on a balance sheet that increases asset values and/or decreases
liability and equity values (or incoming payments)
 Return on Investment (ROI) – Used to determine how much of the money spent
producing goods and services was recouped in profits. You find ROI by calculating a
ratio of a business‘s net income to total assets.
 Present Value (PV) – The amount a future sum of money is currently worth today.
Because a company can invest existing funds in order to collect interest or ROI in the
future, a particular sum of money may not be worth the same thing now as it will be in
the future. Accountants may use present value calculations to determine the true value of
sales to be paid in the future, or to aid in investment decisions

 TYPES OF ACCOUNTANTS
AUDITORS
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT
PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT
 TYPES OF ACCOUNTANTS
 Auditors –
Auditors evaluate a company's financial records for accuracy, check for mistakes and
discrepancies, and some may issue evaluations of profitability. Auditors may be internal
or external (independent) of the company being audited.
 Management Accountant –
Management accountants work on a company'sinternal financial records and processes to

aid in business planning, cost/revenue analysis and management of financial operations.
 Public Accountant –
Public accountants — who by and large must earn Certified Public Accountant, or CPA,
status — may work with individuals or large corporations to prepare all relevant tax and
financial documents required by the IRS .

CHAPTER 4
OBJECTIVE OF
STUDY

 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To implement my overall accounting skills practically via entering accounting data

online.
 To secure a challenging position to expand my learnings, knowledge, and skills.
 To utilize my training and skills, while making a significant contribution to the success
of the company.
 To gain an experience in high-level professional corporate environment.
 It is an alternative corporate business form that offers the benefits of limited liability to
the partners at low compliance costs.
 To gain a practical experience of operating various accounting softwares like Tally,
Excel, Computax, Spectrum, etc.
1.Identification and recording of transactions :-
The primary object of accounting is to identify the financial transactions and to
record these systematically in the books of accounts. As a result, the true nature of each and
every transaction is known without much exercise of memory. With this end in view, the
transactions are primarily recorded in general and in a special journal and later on permanently
various accounts are kept in the ledger.
2. Ascertainment of results :-
Every business concern is interested to know its operating results at the end of a
particular period.
The amount of profit or loss for a particular period of a business concern can be
ascertained by preparing an income statement with the help of ledger account balances of
revenue nature. Surplus or deficit of revenue for a particular period of a non-trading concern can
also be ascertained by preparing income and expenditure account or statement.

3.Ascertainment of financial affairs :-
Ascertainment of debts-liabilities, property, and assets i.e. total financial affairs of
an organization at a particular date is another important object of Accounting. Financial affairs of

concern at a particular date can be ascertained by preparing a balance sheet. The balance sheet is
the statement of assets and liabilities of concern at a particular date.
4. Keeping accounts of cash :-
Cash book is a prominent book of the books of accounts. Cash receipts and cash
payments are accounted for in this book. A number of daily cash receipts, payments,
cash in hand and cash at the bank can be known from this book. Fraud, forgery, and
misappropriation of money are reduced by keeping cash book scientifically and
accurately.
5. Control over assets and liabilities :-
For running a business successfully a businessman is to acquire various assets like land, building,
machinery, etc.
He is to face various debts and liabilities like accounts payable, notes payable, loan, bank
overdraft, etc. side by side with die acquisition of assets. The actual position of these debts
liabilities, property, and assets can be ascertained through the proper keeping of accounts.
 A businessman can take the right steps for controlling the quantity of assets decrease and
liability increase.
 If the entity is required to file any form/application/document, then it needs to be filed in an

electronic form.
 It is enhance the skill do that work in effective way it‘s important for the organisation.
 Providing financial services and achieving organisation goal.
 To secure employment with a reputable company, where I can utilize my skills and business
studies background to the maximum.

 A highly organized and hard-working individual looking for a responsible position to gain
practical experience.
 To make use of my interpersonal skills to achieve goals of a company that focuses on customer
satisfaction and customer experience.

CHAPTER 5
SCOPE OF STUDY

 SCOPE OF STUDY :-
1. To provide consultancy and accounting services as per the procedures & rules described in
companies Act‘1956.
2. Changes required to be incorporated for preparation of final accounts as per the companies Act
and the guidelines of ICAI required to be followed.
3. Ensuring the day to day accounting transactions of payments, receipts, sales and purchases,
other miscellaneous expenses and inventory accounting are entered in SAP on daily basis.
Working knowledge with regards to basic data entry, report generation in SAP environment are
essential.
4. Preparation, maintenance and updating of Fixed Assets Register as per the Standard
Accounting Bench marks.
5. To generate monthly trial balance including priced stores ledger, funds flow statement and
final accounts (profit and loss account, Balance Sheet quarterly, Half Yearly and annual final
accounts) along with necessary schedules as required by the Internal Audit, Statutory Audit, Tax
Audit and as per Corporate Office Guidelines.
6. Evolve the costing system with the help of departmental staff and suggest the suitable methods
for setting up of standards for regular costing system.
7. Analysis of Debtors and creditors on daily basis and reconciliation of the same & inter Unit
accounts on monthly basis, preparation of Bank Reconciliation on Fortnight basis in SAP
environment.
8. Preparation of Half year and Annual Budget and consolidation thereof, and analysis of
variance based on actual vs budgeted and actual vs target.
9. Scrutinizing all ledger accounts at regular intervals in SAP environment.
10. Passing regular journal entries, making month end provisions, month end closings and
preparation of Monthly Profit and Loss account to submit the same to Corporate Office.

11. Responsible for Statutory compliance under various acts such as Companies Act, and
Income Tax Act, Central Excise, Service Tax, VAT, CST etc .
12. Responsible for quarterly E-TDS returns and monthly VAT returns any other statutory
returns pertaining to Finance and Accounts, as and when required.
13. Preparation and generation of Management information /reports as when required by both
local management and Corporate Office.
14. Co-ordination with Internal and Statutory auditors, providing the data for audit and add
ressing audit queries / observations under the guidance of GM/AM(F&A)/OFAs related to
Finance and Accounts.
15. To suggest suitable methods and latest updating on mandatory requirements with regards to
Finance and Accounts and Taxation matters under various statute for smooth functioning of
Finance and Accounts department.
16. Monitoring overall accounts of this Unit and suggest remedial measures wherever lapses
found.
17. All books of accounts are required to be maintained on double entry system on accrual basis
in SAP environment. The firm will be required to provide the services to ensure preparation and
finalization of unit‘s accounts using SAP environment. The correctness and quality of accounts
and other reports will have to be certified by the Chartered Accountants.
18. Any other works assigned by the GM/AM(F&A)/OFAs related to Finance and Accounts.

CHAPTER 6
NEEDS OF STUDY

 NEED OF THE STUDY
 It Helps in Evaluating the Performance of Business :-
Your financial records reflect the results of operations as well as the financial position of
your small business or corporation. In other words, they help you understand what‘s
going on with your business financially. Not only will clean and up to date records help
you keep track of expenses, gross margin, and possible debt, but it will help you compare
your current data with the previous accounting records and allocate your budget
appropriately.
 It Ensures statutory compliance :-
Laws and regulations vary from state to state, but proper accounting systems and
processes will help you ensure statutory compliance when it comes to your business.
The accounting function will ensure that liabilities such as sales tax, VAT, income tax,
and pension funds, to name a few, are appropriately addressed.
 It Helps to Create Budget and Future Projections :-
Budgeting and future projections can make or break a business, and your financial
records will play a crucial role when it comes to it. Business trends and projections are
based on historical financial data to keep your operations profitable. This financial data is
most appropriate when provided by well-structured accounting processes.
 It Helps in Filing Financial Statements :-
Businesses are required to file their financial statements with the Registrar of Companies.
Listed entities are required to file them with stock exchanges, as well as for direct and
indirect tax filing purposes. Needless to say, accounting plays a critical role in all these
scenarios.

CHAPTER 7
CONTRIBUTION
DURING STUDY

 CONTRIBUTION DURING STUDY
 Working hours :- 8 hrs. per day.

 Working days :- 8 week
1st Week
 Data analysis of various companies
 Checking of missing balances amounts
 Tally Entries (Rebate & Discount)
 Updation of clients' passwords to ms excel via spectrum, Creation of sales bills &
printing.
 Letter of Mutuation in NMC records, Abc letter & letter of transfer of Meter, Entries in
various vouchers, Records maintenance in Excel.
2nd Week
 Minutes of Meeting, Editing & recreating reconcilliation of Swimming pool Electricity

bills, Downloading of 3CD from gst website & mailing to XYZ Sharma, Checking and
updating Balance Sheet of Roystonea.
 Scanning of Balance Sheet of Manav vikas seva sanstha, Editing of Minutes,

Statewise GSTR3B Updation in Excel, Balance sheet updation in excel.
 Statewise GSTR-1 working in excel, Checking of balances of M4 PTE FZE in tally,

made H.O., Branch & Customer Copy of Edelweiss Broking Ltd., Letter to Mr. xyz for
payment of overdue apt. maintenance, Form SH4 Share Transfer, Letter to Investors
Protection Cell.
 Share Entries & Editing of letter of Payment of Overdue Apartment Maintenance,

DSC Validity name updation of remaining clients.

 RERA : Rechecking of sales details & correction. Checking of SHEL statewise GST
working.
3rd Week
 Updation of names & expiry dates & RERA master sheet updation.
 Stock Audit of Chanvim Engineering Pvt. Ltd. : Stock auditing of Godown, General
store, 3P, Aluminium items, Finished goods, Refrigerator items.
International Accounting : Chauddagram Restaurent, Dubai
 Journal voucher entries of LPG Gas of June & August.
 Journal entries of Al Jahez Foodstuff Trading
 Downloading of AIS & TIS.
4th Week
 Made ledgers of various creditors & purchases accounts. Journal entries of Al Mamzar
packaging, Al Manama general food items & various creditors.
 Made ledgers & journal entries of Poseidon General Trading, Majlis plastic &
containers, etc.
 Journal entries of Chauddagram Restaurent of nov jan pdf.
 Abdullah Mobiles receipt vouchers & some entries of Oct pdf.
 All journal entries of October pdf, some entries of Abdullah mobiles (Converted all
suspense a/c to cash a/c's)
5th Week
 Remaining journal entries of Oct pdf & completed all the entries of Abc Restaurent,
Downloaded company data of 33 companies,Digitally signed in UDPL Balance Sheet,
GST working.

 Downloading of company data & director master data, Auditing of purchase & sales
vouchers of both the companies of December month.
 Exported tally data of Suspense a/c ledger & mailed to V Tech Enterprises. B2B
working in excel.
 Bank statement entries of Rak Bank, International bank entries. Auditing of purchase
voucher of Dec 21
 Bank statement entries of Rak Bank, International bank entries. Auditing of purchase
voucher of Dec 21
6th Week
 Invoices entries in Tally, E verification of ITR3, Cash sales entries.
 Filled RTGS forms, RTGS received & payment entries in tally.
 Cash sales entries, Sent quaterly VAT reports of various companies.
 Updation of profit & loss a/c & balance sheet in vertical format, Exported quaterly
VAT reports to Sajid Sheikh
 Downloaded FORM 26AS & AIS of 1 client, drafted a letter for discrepency, made
Balance Sheet in both the formats of Abc for the F.Y.2019- 21 & made vertical balance
sheet for the F.Y. 2019-20.
7th Week
 Excel working of payments for Dec 21, Amount adjustments of Sundry Debtors of
companies.
 Drafted a bank statement letter, filled deposit slips of Sudeep Yadav & Co of ICICI
bank, checked & adjusted bank statements of various companies, adjusted closing stock
& debtors amounts of Roystonea.
 Reconcilled sales i.e receipt vouchers from all the companies & found the missing
amounts, Excel working of receipts & payments of various companies

 Bank statements of RAK Bank & VAT amounts.
 Found missing amounts in receipts & payments of all the companies, bank
statement entries of Vijay Kulkarni , Shares purchase entries & bank statements
of ICICI bank.
8th Week
 Drafted a document submission lettter, bank statements of Sankalp marketing.
 Bank statements of ICICI bank
 Bank statements of Abc Bank, auditing of purchase bills of Vipul prints & VV offsets
of JAN 24 .
 Purchase & sales bills of foodstuff trading, Reconcilliation of companies closing

balances.
 Reconcilliation & correction of vouchers & submission of Sales register, VAT

201 & stock report.
 Reconcilliation of V.R. Kulkarni & family's closing balances & excel working,
shares purchase & sales entries of the family.
 SWOT ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING FIRM
SWOT is a management tool used for strategic analysis. It helps you see where you are currently
as a business.
SWOT is an acronym standing for four words:
 S – Strengths: you look into your own company. What are your internal advantages, and what are
your strong sides?

 W – Weaknesses: again, you look into your own company. What are your internal
disadvantages, and what are your weak sides?
 O – Opportunities: you now go externally; you look beyond your company, into your
environment. What trends can affect positively your business?
 T – Threats: again, you look into the environment of your company. What trends can affect
negatively your business?
When you do a SWOT analysis, it is good to use a graphical presentation so that you can see all
the important factors affecting your strategy in one place:
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
After completing the SWOT analysis, you need to set up your strategy.
When preparing your strategy, you need to answer the following question:

‗‘How to use my strengths (S) and cope with my weaknesses (W) to maximize my opportunities
(O) and minimize my threats (T)? ‗‘
SWOT analysis of an accounting firm – example
Let‘s fill – in a SWOT analysis of an accounting firm (hypothetical one) as an example:
STRENGTHS
1.experienced and skilled WEAKNESSES
workforce 1.lack of office space
2.low employee turnover 2.lack of education of staff
3.stable client base predictable 3.lack of internal procedures
revenue stream
THREATS
OPPORTUNITIES
1.possible changes in
1.possible changes in
regulation which will lead to
regulation which will laed to
losing of revenue
generating revenue
2.smaller talent pool for new
2.automation opportunities
employees
3.possible new clients from
3.new competitors entering the
tech
market
4.opportunities for cross -
4.clients deciding to keep
selling and up - selling
business books themselves

SWOT analysis for consulting firms – example
Let‘s fill – in a SWOT analysis of a consulting firm (hypothetical one) as an example:
WEAKNESSES
1.unpredictable revenue
STRENGHTS
streams
1.high - quality office space
2.unpredictable work hours
2.goods training programme
3.lost of overtime
3.talented consultants
4.high employee turnover
OPPORTUNITIES
1.new possible clients from THREATS
defi 1.stagflation threat which
2.new possible clients - could lead to losing revenue
investors from emerging 2.clients deciding to perform
markets activities in house
3.new types of services for 3.great resignation and
NFT projects active disengagement trends
4.outsourcing trend

Interested in how to improve your accounting firm strength in:
 Optimization of accountants work time and productivity

 Billing transparency
 Missing billable hours identificaton
 Timesheet efficiency
Our simple can help accountancy business for improve its performance.

CHAPTER 8
LIMITATIONS

 LIMITATIONS
 Duration of the internship was quite small.
 Working hours were 8, so was‘t able to invest my time into other important tasks.
 At times the data available for study can be too large, which makes it a time consuming tasks.
 Sometimes it happens that the server & internet connection is low & accounting tasks are put
on hold.
 In bank statements, sometimes closing balances doesn‘t match, so it becomes a time

consuming task to reverify previous balances by checking or altering tally entries.
 Sometimes server issue comes from the main system which disables all other systems work
which makes the work delay.

CHAPTER 9
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In mainly, I used two types of data collection methods for this research purpose.
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
1. Primary data
This report has prepared through extensive use of primary data. It is collected
from group of people who are related with this company the following method are used in
collecting primary data.
Primary data is the data that is collected for the first time through personal
experiences or evidence, particularly for research. It is also described as raw data or first-hand
information. The mode of assembling the information is costly, as the analysis is done by an
agency or an external organisation, and needs human resources and investment. The investigator
supervises and controls the data collection process directly.
The data is mostly collected through observations, physical testing, mailed questionnaires,
surveys, personal interviews, telephonic interviews, case studies, and focus groups, etc.
2. Secondary data :
Secondary data is collected from the company‘s collected from the company‘s
manuals report and brochures through company‘s records. Secondary data is a second-hand data
that is already collected and recorded by some researchers for their purpose, and not for the
current research problem. It is accessible in the form of data collected from different sources
such as government publications, censuses, internal records of the organisation, books, journal
articles, websites and reports, etc.
This method of gathering data is affordable, readily available, and saves cost and
times.However, the one disadvantage is that the information assembled is for some other purpose
and may not meet the present research purpose or may not be accurate.
The type of research which I have used is the qualitative research, Qualitative
research describes qualities or characteristics. It is collected using questionnaires, interviews, or
observation, and frequently appears in narrative form. For example, it could be notes taken

during a focus group on the quality of the food at Cafe Mac, or responses from an openended
questionnaire. Qualitative data may be difficult to precisely measure and analyse. The data may
be in the form of descriptive words that can be examined for patterns or meaning, sometimes
through the use of coding. Coding allows the researcher to categorize qualitative data to identify
themes that correspond with the research questions and to perform quantitative analysis.
Observational Data –
Observational data are captured through observation of a behavior oractivity. It is

collected using methods such as human observation, openended surveys, or the use of an
instrument or sensor to monitor and record information -- such as the use of sensors to observe
noise levels at the Mpls/St Paul airport. Because observational data are captured in real time, it
would be very difficult or impossible to re-create if lost.

CHAPTER 10
FINDINGS

 FINDINGS
Departments at Office
 Company Audit.
 Direct, Excise, And Service Tax.
 International Accounting & International Tax.
 GST Compliance, Audit, And Training.
 Company Secretarial Services.
 Cost Accountancy.

CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION

 CONCLUSION : -
 From the internship, it was seen that how manual accounting is converted to practical
accounting by usage of various softwares.
 Basic concepts of accounts which was introduced from class 11th were actually
included while implementation in tally software.
 For GST work, various softwares like Spectrum & Computax were used.
 Every voucher entry & specially share purchase & sales entries were recorded in the
systematical way in tally.
 Stock audit was done & it was found that in every manufacturing unit, accurate number
of stocks must be there in order to meet the demand for the consumers so that no
discrepancy can be taken out
 From the vouching, it was found that some purchase or sales bills were missing from
the accounting data, so it created awareness for an auditor to identify missing entries & to
alter it.
 There came a new software i.e. MARG which is actually used in dealing with broad
business accounting.

CHAPTER 12
SUGGESTIONS

 SUGGESTIONS
 Main server system should be technically fine so that it won't create a barrier for other
systems.
 Rotational work should be distributed among the employees so that each & every
employee must be aware about everything.
 Hardware systems & other devices should be of good quality & quantity so that it won't
create a lack of electronic equipments i.e (Monitor, keyboard, mouse, cpu, LAN
connection, printer)
 Staff should be encouraged to communicate more frequently with each other in English
with the employees to create a formal corporate atmosphere.
 Work should be prioritised according to the urgent requirement of completion so that

important tasks would get complete on time.

CHAPTER 13
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Data extraction from the corporate register provided by the CA.
 https://www.vedantu.com/commerce/computerized-accountingsystem.
 Data extraction of workdone from ms excel.
 Accounting pdf from google chrome.
 Identification of limitations & intiation of suggestions from the corporate CA firm

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MASTER OF COMMERCE ( DISTANCE )

SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR Page 1

Sr. No. Particulars Page No.

7 Contribution during study 34

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In the present day, accountants no longer record every transaction of a company

Before you learn the meaning of computerized accounting, it is important to know

about the various factors to consider before using such a system.

Chartered Accountancy belongs to the non-technical field. It is a profession that

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 Features of Computerized Accounting Systems

The characteristic features of computerized accounting systems are as follows –

a. Components of computerized accounting systems are software programs which are

manage and control bank accounts, prepare company budgets, etc.

every accounting professional to meet the requirements of their firm .

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CREATE FINAL POST JOURNAL

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 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION :-

In India, Chartered Accountants are regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of

 List of Top 10 CA Firms in India (2023) :

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Price Waterhouse Coopers (PwC India) is a mission-driven organization that is dedicated to

 Ernst & Young India :-

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 Grant Thornton International:

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 SR Dinodia & Co. LLP:

 Lodha & Co.:

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 Luthra & Luthra India:

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 V. R. Kulkarni & CO. Chartered Accountants

We are a Chartered Accountant Partnership Firm with team of qualified and

motivated professionals, offering integrated one-stop services. We primarily focus on

―Our vision is simple-becoming leading consultancy firm operating worldwide.

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1. Meeting commitements made to external and internal customers .

Examples of C.A Firm in a sentence

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BOOK KEEPING TERMINOLOGY

COSTS OF GOODS SOLD

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 Accounts Payable – Outstanding payments the company currently owes to suppliers,

 Accounts Receivable – Outstanding payments the company is currently owed by all

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 General Ledger – Record of all financial transactions across all of a company's

 Liabilities – Outstanding payments the company is currently owed by all customers or

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TERMINOLOGY USED IN CALCULATION

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 Terminology Used in Calculations

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Management accountants work on a company'sinternal financial records and processes to

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY