Experiment – 1

Aim - Implementation of BUS, STAR, MESH & Hybrid topology in CISCO Packet Tracer Using
switches and enddevices.

Theory –:

1) In topology we have to take switch, pc or laptop, wire (for same / similar devices we use Copper
Straight –
Through wire and for dissimilar we will use Copper Cross-Over wire.
2) In mesh topology we have first connect pc with the switch then
we have givenIp configuration to each pc by selecting desktop
mode in cisco packet tracer.

3) For example we have given 10.10.10.1 to pc1 in mesh topology same as other we will give ip
address to each ofthe pc.
4) Also in other topology we will do the same.
5) Make sure that the ip address of each pc is different. We can’t assign ip address of two pc same.
6) The green colour arrow will show you the successful connectivity of the device and if there is red
dot appearingthen the connection was not established .There might be some error.
7) After the successful connectivity we can transfer some file in the network to check weather
everything is alrightor not.
8) As we can see below this is the use of the ping command in the command prompt of the pc which
we have usedin above.
9) Here 4 packets has been transferred to check weather the connection has been established
sucessfully or not.

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 MESH :

STAR :

BUS :

HYBRID :

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 Experiment – 2

Aim : Perform the basic networking commands: ping, ipconfig, tracert,

pathping, nslookup.Theory-:

1) We can run all this command in the cmd of the pc.Cmd means command prompt of the window.
2) Each command will has its own use and work.

3) In above we have run the ipconfig command and nslookup command.

4) The nslookup will give up the address of the server which we have given to cmd.

5) In the ping command the computer send 4 packets to the server and we receive four
acknowledgements sothere is not loss.

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 6) The tracert command will trace the path through which we can reach to the destination
7) As we can see here at 13 steps the trace will complete. Here we have given ip address of the
google.com as thedestination.

8) The above is pingpath command which will also perform its operation as we can see above.

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 Experiment – 3

Aim - Create two different network in CISCO Packet Tracer using one Router and Switch in Each sub
network. Usecommands to establish connectivity among them.

Theory-:

10) In this experiment we have one router, two switch and four pc.
11) We have to take switch, pc or laptop, wire (for same / similar devices we use copper Straight –
Through wireand for dissimilar devices we will use Copper Cross-Over wire.
12) We have created a sub network by using our pc also we have given ip address to each pc

13) Make sure that the ip address of each pc is different. We can’t assign ip address of two pc same.
14) After assigning the ip address to each pc we will set ip address of the router.
15) For example we have given 10.10.10.3 for pc 0, 1 and 13.54.54.3 for pc 2, 3 in the router.
16) After assigning them we will set these ip address of the router in default gateway of the pc
to set up theconnectivity with the router to the pc.
17) As we can see below this is the use of the ping command in the command prompt of the pc
which we haveused in above.
18) Here 4 packets has been transferred to check weather the connection has been established
sucessfully or not.

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 Experiment – 4

1) Aim - Create two different network in CISCO Packet Tracer using one Router
and Switch inOne sub network and other having one server and printer. Use
commands to establish Connectivity among them.

Theory –:

2) We have to take switch, printer, pc or laptop, wire (for same / similar devices we use Copper
Straight – Throughwire and for dissimilar we will use Copper Cross-Over wire.
3) Make sure that the ip address of each pc is different. We can’t assign ip address of two pc same.

4) After assigning the ip address to each pc we will set ip address of the router.
5) After assigning them we will set these ip address of the router in default gateway of the pc and
printer to
set upthe connectivity with the router to the pc.
6) Then we can send some file by using ping in the cmd of the pc.
7) As we can see below this is the use of the ping command in the command prompt of the pc which
we have usedin above.
8) Here 4 packets has been transferred to check weather the connection has been established
sucessfully or not.

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 Experiment - 5

Aim - Create two different network in CISCO Packet Tracer using two Router connected
with Switchessubsequently connected with end devices. Use commands to establish
Connectivity among them.

Theory –:

1) We have to take switch, pc or laptop, wire (for same / similar devices we use Copper Straight –
Through wireand for dissimilar we will use Copper Cross-Over wire.
2) Make sure that the ip address of each pc is different. We can’t assign ip address of two pc same.

3) After assigning the ip address to each pc we will set ip address of the router.
4) After assigning them we will set these ip address of the router in default gateway of the pc and
printer to set upthe connectivity with the router to the pc.
5) Then we can send some file by using ping in the cmd of the pc.
6) As we can see below this is the use of the ping command in the command prompt of the pc which
we have usedin above.
7) Here 4 packets has been transferred to check weather the connection has been established
sucessfully or not.

Output :

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 Experiment - 6

Aim - Create two different network in CISCO Packet Tracer using three Router connected
with Switchessubsequently connected with end devices. Use commands to establish
Connectivity among them.

Theory –:

8) We have to take switch, pc or laptop, wire (for same / similar devices we use Copper Straight –
Through wireand for dissimilar we will use Copper Cross-Over wire.
9) Make sure that the ip address of each pc is different. We can’t assign ip address of two pc same.

10) After assigning the ip address to each pc we will set ip address of the router.
11) After assigning them we will set these ip address of the router in default gateway of the pc and
printer to set upthe connectivity with the router to the pc.
12) Then we can send some file by using ping in the cmd of the pc.
13) As we can see below this is the use of the ping command in the command prompt of the pc
which we haveused in above.
14) Here 4 packets has been transferred to check weather the connection has been established
sucessfully or not.

Output :

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 EXPERIMENT -7

AIM : Implement DHCP in CISCO Packet Tracer.

PROCEDURE: STEP 1: Build the network topology:

2. On the router, configure interface fa0/0 to act as the default gateway for our LAN.

Router>enable

Router#config terminal

Router(config)#int fa0/0

Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

3. Configure DHCP server on the Router. In the server we will define a DHCP pool of IP addresses to be
assigned tohosts, a Default gateway for the LAN and a DNS Server.

Router(config)#

Router(config)#ip dhcp pool MY_LAN

Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0

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 Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.1

Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.1.10

We can add ip dhcp excluded-address command to our configuration so as to configure the

router to excludeaddresses 192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.10 when assigning addresses to
clients. The ip dhcp excluded- address command may be used to reserve addresses that are
statically assigned to key hosts.

So add the above command under the global configuration mode.

Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10

4. Now go to every PC and on their IP configuration tabs, enable DHCP. Every PC should be able to obtain
an IP
address, default gateway and DNS server, as defined in step 2.

For example, to enable DHCP on PC1:

Click PC1->Desktop->IP configuration. Then enable DHCP:

Do this for the other PCs.

You can test the configuration by pinging PC2 from PC1. Ping should succeed.

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 EXPERIMENT -8

AIM : Implement RIP in CISCO Packet Tracer.

THEORY : RIP is one of the oldest distance vector routing protocols, invented in the 1980s. Two
versions of theprotocol were developed:

RIP version 1 -supports only classful routing and doesn’t send subnet masks in routing updates.Uses
broadcastsfor updates.

RIP version 2– supports classless routing and sends subnet masks in routing updates. This
version uses themulticast address of 224.0.0.9 to send routing updates.

There is also a version of RIP developed for IPv6 networks called RIPng.

RIP has a default administrative distance of 120. It uses the hop count (the number of routers
between the source and destination network) as the metric. The hop count limit is 15. Any route
with a higher hop count willbe marked as unreachable.

PROCEDURE :

1. Build the network topology.

2. Configure IP addresses on the PCs and the routers.

Router 1

R1(config)#

R1(config)#int fa0/0

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 R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#

R1(config-if)#int serial 0/0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shut

Router 2

R2(config)#

R2(config)#int fa0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

R2(config-if)#

R2(config-if)#int serial 0/0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

IP configuration on PCs

Click PC->Desktop->IP Configuration. On each PC assign these

addresses: PC1: IP address: 10.0.0.2 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway 10.0.0.1

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 PC2: IP address: 30.0.0.2 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 Default

Gateway 30.0.0.1And now:

3. Configure RIPv2 on the routers

Router 1

R1(config)#

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0

Router 2

R2(config)#

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0

R2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0

As you can see,to configure rip on each router,we enable enable RIP using router rip command
then advertisethe networks directly connected to the router interfaces using network command.

That’s all for RIP configuration.

4. We’ll now verify RIP configuration.

To verify that RIP is in deed advertising routes,we can use the show ip route command on R1.

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 You can see that R1 has learned about the 30.0.0/8 network. The letter R indicates that the route
was learnedusing RIP.Note the administrative distance of 120 and the metric of 1 in the [120/1]
part.

To specifically display routes learnt through RIP use show ip route rip command on the router.

Now lets Ping PC2 from PC1 to further confirm that connectivity is really established between the two
subnets.

Ping test should succeed.

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 EXPERIMENT -9
AIM : Implement OSPF in CISCO Packet Tracer.

THEORY: Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) is one of the dynamic routing protocols amongst others such
as EIGRP, BGP and and RIP. It is perhaps one of the most popular link state routing protocols. It is an
openstandard, so it can be run on routers from different vendors.

OSPF supports key features such as:

 IPv4 and IPv6 routing

 Classless routing
 Equal cost load balancing,
 Manual route summarization, etc.

OSPF has a default administrative distance of 110. It uses cost as the parameter for determining route
metric. Ituses the multicast address of 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 for communication between OSPF-
enabled neighbors

Routers running OSPF need to establish a neighbor relationship before exchanging routing
updates. Each OSPFrouter runs the SFP algorithm to calculate the best routes and adds them to
the routing table.

OSPF routers store routing and topology information in three tables.:

 Neighbor table-which stores information about OSPF neighbors.

 Topology table-stores topology structure of the network.
 Routing table-stores the best routes

OSPF neighborhood discovery

Advertisements
Routers running OSPF need to establish a neighbor relationship before exchanging routing
updates. OSPF neighbors are dynamically discovered by sending Hello packets out each OSPF-
enabled interface on a router.Hello packets are sent to the multicast address of 224.0.0.5.
OSPF areas

An area is simply a logical grouping of adjacent networks and routers. All routers in the same area
have the same topology table and don’t know about routers in other areas. The main benefits of
using areas in an OSPFnetwork are:

 Routing tables on the routers are reduced.

 Routing updates are reduced.

Each area in an OSPF network must be connected to the backbone area ( also known as area 0
). All routersinside an area must have the same area ID . A router that has interfaces in more
than one area (for example area 0 and area 1) is known as an Area BorderRouter (ABR). A
router that connects an OSPF network to other routing networks (for example, to an EIGRP
network) is called an Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR).
For now we’ll configure basic OSPF. On to it then!
PROCEDURE :

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 1. Build the network topology.

2. Configure IP addresses on PCs and router interfaces.

Router 1

R1(config)#int fa 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#

R1(config-if)#int serial 0/0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shut

Router 2

R2(config-if)#int fa0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

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 R2(config-if)#

R2(config-if)#int serial0/0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

Now do IP configurations for the PCs.

PC1 IP add 10.0.0.2 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 Default gateway

10.0.0.1 PC2 IP add 30.0.0.2 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0

Default gateway 30.0.0.1

3. Configure OSPF on the routers.

The configuration is pretty simple and requires only two major steps:

1. Enable OSPF on a router using the router ospf PROCESS_ID in the global configuration mode.

2.Define on which interfaces OSPF will run and what networks will be advertised
using networkIP_ADDRESS WILCARD_MASK AREA command in the OSPF
configuration mode.

Note that the OSPF process ID doesn’t have to be the same on all routers in order for the routers
to establish a neighbor relationship, but the area parameter has to be the same on all
neighboring routers in order for therouters to become neighbors.

Router 1

R1(config)#

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

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 Router 2

R2(config)#

R2(config)#router ospf 2

R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

As you can see from the above picture,we just need to enable OSPF on the routers which then
advertise thenetworks directly connected to each of them.

Have in mind: The OSPF process IDs used for the two routers have been made optionally
different buttheir area numbers must be the same.

4. Verify OSPF configuration

First, let’s verify that the routers have established a neighbor relationship by typing the
show ip ospfneighbor command on R1:

Next, to verify that R1 has learnt the route to 30.0.0.0/8 network, we’ll use show ip route ospf command
on R1:

Note that the letter O indicates OSPF routes.

Lastly, verify connectivity. Ping PC2 from PC1. Ping should be successful.

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Student Name:
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 EXPERIMENT -10

AIM : Implement VLAN in CISCO Packet Tracer.

Topology Diagram

Addressing Table
Device
Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway
(Hostname)
S1 VLAN 99 172.17.99.11 255.255.255.0 N/A
S2 VLAN 99 172.17.99.12 255.255.255.0 N/A
S3 VLAN 99 172.17.99.13 255.255.255.0 N/A
PC1 NIC 172.17.10.21 255.255.255.0 172.17.10.1
PC2 NIC 172.17.20.22 255.255.255.0 172.17.20.1
PC3 NIC 172.17.30.23 255.255.255.0 172.17.30.1
PC4 NIC 172.17.10.24 255.255.255.0 172.17.10.1
PC5 NIC 172.17.20.25 255.255.255.0 172.17.20.1
PC6 NIC 172.17.30.26 255.255.255.0 172.17.30.1

Initial Port Assignments (Switches 2 and 3)

Ports Assignment Network

Fa0/1 – 0/5 802.1q Trunks (Native VLAN 99) 172.17.99.0 /24
Fa0/6 – 0/10 VLAN 30 – Guest (Default) 172.17.30.0 /24
Fa0/11 – 0/17 VLAN 10 – Faculty/Staff 172.17.10.0 /24
Fa0/18 – 0/24 VLAN 20 – Students 172.17.20.0 /24

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 Task 1: Prepare the Network

Step 1: Cable a network that is similar to the one in the topology diagram.
You can use any current switch in your lab as long as it has the required interfaces shown in the
topology.
Note: If you use 2900 or 2950 switches, the outputs may appear different.
Also, certaincommands maybe different or unavailable.

Step 2: Clear any existing configurations on the switches, and initialize all ports in the
shutdownstate.
If necessary, refer to Lab 2.5.1, Appendix 1, for the procedure to clear switch configurations.
It is a good practice to disable any unused ports on the switches by putting them in
shutdown.Disable allports on the switches:
Switch#config term
Switch(config)#interfacerange
fa0/1-24Switch(config-if-
range)#shutdown
Switch(config-if-range)#interface range gi0/1-2
Switch(config-if-range)#shutdown

Task 2: Perform Basic Switch Configurations

Step 1: Configure the switches according to the following guidelines.

 Configure the switch hostname.
 Disable DNS lookup.
 Configure an EXEC mode password of class.
 Configure a password of cisco for console connections.
 Configure a password of cisco for vty connections.

Step 2: Re-enable the user ports on

S2 and S3. S2(config)#interface
range fa0/6, fa0/11, fa0/18
S2(config-if-range)#switchport mode
access S2(config-if-range)#no
shutdown

S3(config)#interface range fa0/6, fa0/11,

fa0/18S3(config-if-range)#switchport mode
access S3(config-if-range)#no shutdown

Task 3: Configure and Activate Ethernet Interfaces

Step 1: Configure the PCs.

You can complete this lab using only two PCs by simply changing the IP addressing
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 for the two PCs specific to a test you want to conduct. For example, if you want to
test connectivity between PC1 and PC2, then configure the IP addresses for those
PCs by referring to the addressing table at the beginningof the lab. Alternatively,
you can configure all six PCs with the IP addresses and default gateways.

Task 4: Configure VLANs on the Switch

Step 1: Create VLANs on switch S1.

Use the vlan vlan-id command in global configuration mode to add a VLAN to switch
S1. There are four VLANS configured for this lab: VLAN 10 (faculty/staff); VLAN 20
(students); VLAN 30 (guest); and VLAN99 (management). After you create the VLAN,
you will be in vlan configurationmode, where you can assign a name to the VLAN with
the name vlan name command.
S1(config)#vlan 10
S1(config-vlan)#name
faculty/staff S1(config-
vlan)#vlan 20 S1(config-
vlan)#name students
S1(config- vlan)#vlan 30
S1(config-vlan)#name
guest S1(config-
vlan)#vlan 99 S1(config-
vlan)#name
managementS1(config-
vlan)#end
S1#

Step 2: Verify that the VLANs have been created on S1.

Use the show vlan brief command to verify that the VLANs have been
created.S1#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/4, Fa0/5

Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1
Gi0/2
10 faculty/staff active
20 students active
30 guest active
99 management active

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 Step 3: Configure and name VLANs on switches S2 and S3.
Create and name VLANs 10, 20, 30, and 99 on S2 and S3 using the commands from
Step 1.Verify thecorrect configuration with the show vlan brief command.
What ports are currently assigned to the four VLANs you have created?
_

Step 4: Assign switch ports to VLANs on S2 and S3.

Refer to the port assignment table on page 1. Ports are assigned to VLANs in interface
configuration mode, using the switchport access vlan vlan-id command. You can
assign each port individually oryou can use the interface range command to simplify
this task, as shown here. The commands are shown forS3 only, but you should
configure both S2 and S3 similarly. Save your configuration when done.
S3(config)#interface range fa0/6-10 S3(config-if-
range)#switchport access vlan 30S3(config-
if-range)#interface range fa0/11-
17S3(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan
10S3(config-if-range)#interface range
fa0/18-24S3(config-if-range)#switchport
access vlan 20S3(config-if-range)#end
S3#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename[startup-config]?
[enter]Building configuration...
[OK]
Step 4: Determine which ports have been added.
Use the show vlan id vlan-number command on S2 to see which ports are assigned to
VLAN10.Which ports are assigned to VLAN 10?
_ _
Note: The show vlan id vlan-name displays the same output.
You can also view VLAN assignment information using the show interfaces interface
switchport command.

Step 5: Assign the management VLAN.

A management VLAN is any VLAN that you configure to access the management
capabilities of aswitch.VLAN 1 serves as the management VLAN if you did not
specifically define another VLAN. You assign themanagement VLAN an IP address
and subnet mask. A switch can be managed via HTTP, Telnet, SSH, or SNMP. Because
the out-of-the-box configuration of a Cisco switch has VLAN 1 as the default VLAN,
VLAN 1 is a bad choice as the management VLAN. You do not want an arbitrary user
who is connecting to a switch to default to the management VLAN. Recall that you
configured the management VLAN as VLAN 99 earlier in this lab.
From interface configuration mode, use the ip address command to assign the management
IP addressto the switches.
S1(config)#interface vlan 99

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 S1(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.11 255.255.255.0
S1(config-if)#no shutdown
S2(config)#interface vlan 99
S2(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.12 255.255.255.0
S2(config-if)#no shutdown
S3(config)#interface vlan 99
S3(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.13 255.255.255.0
S3(config-if)#no shutdown
Assigning a management address allows IP communication between the switches,
and also allows anyhost connected to a port assigned to VLAN 99 to connect to the
switches. Because VLAN 99 is configured as the management VLAN, any ports
assigned to this VLAN are considered management ports and should be secured to
control which devices can connect tothese ports.

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