ABSTRACT ‘The contents of this report outlines our experiment undertaken on machine processes ‘With a lathe machine. The aim of this experiment was to learn the operations of a lathe machine And its significance in machining industries. Explained in this report is our production of a simple plumb bob based on the assigned geometric modeled drawing. ‘The purpose of this experiment is to aid in understanding basic working principles of conventional lathe machines, INTRODUCTION Objectives of this report were to understand the working principles of lathe machine, classification of lathe, construction and parts of lathe, specifications of lathe, lathe operations and work holding devices. Machining is a material removal process in which sharp cutting tools are used to mechanically cut away to obtain desired part of geometry. Lathe machine operation helps in the production of geometrically precise workpiece. Theoretical Background Lathe machine Egger» const snag Teli Magnet ase etd Discomned swith ‘ant Motor Stator 8‘A machine tool in which workpiece revolves against the cutting tool and the cutting tool moves longitudinally along the axis of the bed and work piece. This machine is power driven and used for producing a cylincrical workpiece. Spood controls Food controls Lead screw (threaded) » Bod Fig. 1.0 ~ Lathe machine and its components Operations ‘They can be performed with the intended tool on the machine. They include: 1. Machining Turning Drilling Reaming Boring Tapper and angle turning Screw-threaded chasing Knutling Polishing PS onomsenParts of the lathe machine MAJOR PARTS Bed Headstock Teilsiock Carriage: Saddle Cross-slide Compound rest Toolpost ‘Apron OTHER PARTS Carriage wheel Compound slide RPM selector dial Compound rest Apron Rack Tailstock spindle Lock lever Hand wheel Lead screw Setover screw Control 10d Chip pan Tool holder Feed plate ‘Taper wheel Spindle Sliding gear Mandrels Feed rod Lead screw Carriage stop Emergency stop Feed compound Control handle Follower rest Angle plate Rests Carriage Wheel LATHE MACHINE WORKING PRINCIPLES The operations done in a lathe machine is termed to as a job. The job is held in a chuck and rotated about its axis at uniform RPM. The tool post holds the cutting too! feeding it to the workpiece in a desired direction. ‘The relative motion between the workpiece and the cutting tool forces removal of material in form of chips for the creation of the required shape. LATHE OPERATIONS Straight Turning ‘The removal of excess amount of material from the surface of the cylindrical workpiece. Step Turning Production of various steps of different diameters on the workpiece Taper Tuming The production of an external conical surface on a workpiece© Facing ‘The work piece is held in the chuck and the facing tool is fed from the center of the ‘workpiece towards the outer surface or vice-versa, with the help of a cross slide. © Center -drilling Locating the center of the job before proceeding for the drilling operations. © Drilling An operation of making a hole in a workpiece with the help of a drill © Kourling Providing a knurled surface on the workpiece. Cutoft —Thwaading Boring —_Diling , EQUIPMENT 1. Three jaw chuck 2. Plain mandrel 3. Stepped mandrel 4, Collared mandrel 5, Aluminium rod 6. Lathe machine 7. HSS cutter 8. Vernier caliper 9, Box wrench 10. Chuck key U1. Allen key 12. Lathe chuck 13. Cutter holder 14. Knutling tool 15. Facing tools16. Turning tools EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Given was a long forged alum diameter. ‘We secured the workpiece to a three jaw chuck to the lathe machine 1m bar which was about 80mun long and of about 30 mm in THE FINAL PRODU!SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Ensure that the three jaw chuck is tight Allow coolant to flow to reduce friction Ensure that the tool bit doesn’t touch the three jaw chuck PROCEDURE 1 2 Facing operation was done on one end. ‘We reduced the length and the diameter of the workpiece to 70 mm and 25 mm respectively STEP TURNING OPERATION: ‘We reduced the 25mm diameter to 15mm dlameter by turning operation. ‘We reduced the 70mm length to 50 mm by Facing operation starting from the tip of the reference side. TAPER TURNING OPERATION: ‘We formed ¢ conical surface opposite the reference face 30mm in length by taper turning operation. Kauiling operation was performed at the 25 mm diameter cylinder surface by use of the kourling tool. ‘Chamfering is done to remove the sharp edges.CALCULATIONS 1. Tuming operations calculations 30mm-25mm=5mm 2. Facing operations calculations ‘80mm-70mm=10mm 3. Step Turning operations calculations 25mm-15mm=L0mm 7Omm-50mm=20mm 4. Taper turning operations calculations Teper Angle = tan*-1{ (major diameter- minor diemeter)/2(length of taper)) tan'-1{(25-5Y/2(30)} 18,4349 degrees DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ‘The above calculations aided in the production of the plumb bob head with the aid of the digital dial on the lathe machine and the forming toolsCONCLUSION From the above experiment ve now have a rigd foundation in understanding the basic operations of a lathe machine and have obtained an idea on machine processes and its significance in the industrial world References: www..scribd.com www.studocu.com Workshop practice 1 DKUT lecture notes