THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL

CONFLICTS
1-1: Introduction

1-2: The purpose of UN

1-2-2: The realistic of UN purpose

1-3: Nature of International conflicts

1-3-1: Direct conflicts

1-3-2: Indirect conflicts

1-4: UN in resolving conflicts

1-4-1: The mechanism of resolving conflicts

1-4-2: Role of permanent five in UN

1-4-3: Current UN performs

2: conclusion
 Introduction
THE United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization (created after the
Second World War in 1945). The main purpose was to prevent another war
tragedy. This idea came from the winners of the Second World War. The main
purpose of this organization is to find a solution. Further, the other purpose of the
United Nations is the peaceful settlement of international disputes. And to help
nations to maintain international peace and security and prosperity for human
kind by forcing countries respect international contracts and borders and
countries sovereignty especially the third world countries and preventing a third
world war that I can say it had succeeded in this task so far that the human kind is
living in the longest period of time a world war didn’t happen, And in this research
we will analyze the role of the United Nations and the fields that it contains with
analyzing the foundation of United Nation that may contain uncalculated
decisions that would cripple the organization , I choose this topic because I think
in those years that yet to come we will see a various changes in international
scale and it would be linked to the decade when world war 2 ended and UN
charter where wrote and the members gave the UN its role and not take sides .
 The purpose of UN
It’s clear that war brings chaos and tragedy and immigrants beside the
international crimes against the civilians under the name that the purpose justify
the means and with the globalization of news agency’s in early 20 th century after
the industrial revolution opened the eyes of many civilization that what war
brings and what war really is which some of the civilization thought war was just a
group or a clan fights but never imagined wars would make millions of victims
that contain children’s unborn children peoples whose old and sick woman’s that
all they wanted an ordinary happy family with a last days surrounded with
children and grandchildren’s and as I said with the globalization of international
news the fact that war is destroy and tear up the dreams and hopes in families of
millions of peoples came to shown to the nations around the world which made a
major humanitarian impact on them especially who won the second world war,
The effect of tragedy of war came to western countries and with that they
thought of solution before four years world war 2 came to end which later
became the core foundation of UN1,After world war 2 ended with the victory of
the western countries with aliens with soviet union and china and awareness of
peoples around the world of the disaster that war will bring they decide that
humanity shouldn’t go through another world war disaster again and for that they
made an international governmental organization with the purpose of protecting
humanity from war and maintain the human dignity and to raise human rights
and recognizing human basic needs of safety and security and the basic means of
life with that the equality of men and woman and countries small or large
powerful or week with establishing fair condition under justice and the respect of
international treaties under international law with under the watch of UN and to
unite the strength of all countries to a common purpose which is the promotion
of the world economy and social advancement of all peoples and to live together
as good neighbors and those purposes became the charter of united nations 2.

1
Un.org,1941:thedeclaration of st.james palace,22/11/2022
2
CHARTER OF UNITED NATIONS, Conference of UN, San Francisco, 1945, page 2
 The realistic of UN purpose
Human’s across centuries fought wars for most important and foolish reasons,
like the Trojan War which was fought because of a prince that took a woman 1,
and there are many examples like that across history, all wars that humanity had
which can’t be count beside the victims, lead to a fundamental question that dose
need for fight and proving self-capability by force is in human nature? Or it’s a
necessary step for providing and achieving? The answer for these question’s is the
measure of how much UN charter is realistic, For the first question we all know
the story of Adam and eve they had the perfect life but yet they had the passion
to eat from the forbidden tree and make the first human sin, with that Harold
Bloom referred to William Golding’s statement Man is a fallen being He is gripped
by original sin His nature is sinful and his state perilous 2, with that philosophers
and psychiatrist splits up to different gropes, there is who says that evil is in
human nature and there is who says goodness is in human nature like Rousseau 3,
In individuality neither theory can be proved but for social and communitys scale
there is a fact about fights and crimes among every socity across history which is
justified or unjustified it happen , even if human fundamentally was all good with
aging other emotions and needs will overcome that goodness or with difficality of
life a selfish human will rise, across history there is a lot of selfish rulers that made
tragedies like Genghis Khan who killed fourty million people and conquer lands
which was no use for him just for title , with these unavoidable truth is UN charter
have the power to make every countrie submit rather srong or weak?,

1
History.com, Trojan war, 13/12/2022.
2
William Golding’s with others, Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations William Golding’s Lord of the Flies New
Edition, InfoBase Publishing, New York, 1/3/2008, page 2.
3
Jean-Jacques Rousseau , discourse in inequality a new translation by franklin Philip, Oxford University press Inc.,
new york USA, 1994, page xxi
It is true that humanity’s now is living in the longest period of time that a world
war didn’t happen nearly seventy seven years which UN played a big role in that
but we think UN established in the right time for these accomplish because of
media and modern journals that opened eyes of millions of peoples across
countries that gave them the power to criticize their governments and
understand real reasons for why their country is fighting definitely from past
centuries that ruling family or grope go to fights for their selfish reasons and lying
to the people telling them we fight for our nations dignity and pride we fight
glory, but now these lying have much lesser effects on peoples, for that
governments doesn’t fight for moral reasons any more, But yet we see
fundamental breaches of UN charter, In the charter says the organization is based
on the principle of sovereign equality of all its member 1, with that principle we
see very different acts from UN from a country to another country like Vietnam
war which the reason was the spread of the communism2 but UN just stood silent
and when soviet union tried to conquer Afghanistan UN simply didn’t play there
part because the transgressor was one of the permanent five which they are the
world leading countries but when it came to Iraq UN did the job and stopped the
transgressor because it was the third world country, In the charter UN take a very
honorable task for himself by solving international problems of economic which
contain world hunger, social, culture, humanitarian character 3, these task isn’t
impossible to achieve but vice versa its easy especially the basic humanitarian it
doesn’t match up that there are people In countries who dies because of hunger,
lack of clean water, That these year over (8000000)over eight million people died
from hunger4, but there are peoples in other countries who have food and water
war festivals for fun5, in this tasks that UN gave it to himself beside the
international security from 1945 to 2022, not one single international
humanitarian problem been solved.

1
CHARTER OF UN, Article 2, page 3
2
Elias Beck, Cause of the Vietnam war, historycrunch.com, 14/12/2022
3
CHARTR OF UN, article 1, page 3
4
theworldcounts.com, peoples who died from hunger, 14/12/2022
5
Like La Merengada, Vilanova I La Geltrú, Spain festival which through foods (pies) to each other
But countries now allocating money for weapons, developing them, craftsman of
new generation of weapons, biological, chemical, new strategies of war, funding
trillions of US dollars to military across international scale, With the watch of UN
without taking any precaution, the question here is if every country believes in
the UN charter why do they improve their military power when UN can resolve
international conflicts according to the CHARTER, for example when Kuwait been
occupied? For this question we believe it’s because the counties of permanent
five have major disputes between each other that can lead to war, there is a very
clear contrast In UN CHARTER which is in the charter says all members are equal
but in the same CHARTER they made five permanent countries in the security
council1 . That nothing can take them off from there place beside the other
elected members, If every members are equal in UN how could be there a
permanent five with no other country could join them like Germany or any
countries from Africa to have balance, UN CHARTER was written by permanent
five because they were victoria’s in world war 2 UN was established by them and
there isn’t any decisions that can be taken by general assembly or rise of a new
country without approve of permanent five, it is dictator and scary because when
they will fight between each other there will be no UN.

1
UN CHARTER , article 23, page 6
 Nature of International conflicts
In the first chapter we talked about the existence of UN, Core reason of the
existence is humans’ conflict because conflict is so deep rooted in human nature
weather its achievable or naturally the truth is its unavoidable fact is conflict just
happens either in human mind or community’s, groups, religion’s, nations,
countries, etc. Conflict which oxford dictionary defines it is a serious
disagreement a long lasting armed struggle a lack of agreement between opinion,
principals, etc.1 With that the nature of conflicts is negative or positive progress
and evolve after the end of conflict or in the time of conflict it gives the party the
opportunity to test their ideology, strength, military, economy, politic, religion,
etc. with that we can see what disasters international conflict brings but is it a
part of human evolvement could we go this far without conflicts ? BOB HOLMES
answer it with a theory that anthropologists, archaeologists, primatologists,
psychologists and political scientists approached that Not only is war as ancient as
humankind, they say, but it has played an integral role in our evolution which mean
without conflicts humans would not have this life that we have now.2 But there is no
argue with conflicts there is always losses or disasters like catholic and protestant
conflict3 cold war conflict which ended by the wining of western countries and how
they rise after that4 and reunification of Germany which strengthened NATO in 19905.
With the modernization of the world after World War 2 many new conflicts appeared
like technological conflicts as I slightly mentioned it earlier just for examples but it
must be categorized in direct international conflicts and indirect international conflicts
which these questions will appear if we categorize it which one is more harmless?
which one is more appealable? Which one is more effective? Dose this categorization
apply on nuclear warfare? Which conflicts is direct and which one is indirect? With
many more questions which we will answer.

1
Paperback Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford university press in great Britain, seventh edition, 2012, page 145.
2
BOB HOLMES, How Warfare Shaped Human Evolution, https://abcnews.go.com/, 25/1/2023.
3
Thirty years war, https://www.history.com, 28/1/2023, it was a religion war.
4
Cold war , https://www.britannica.com , 28/1/2023
5
The reunification of Germany, https://www.britannica.com, 28/1/2023
 Direct conflicts
Direct conflict is the most known conflict across human history and most common
because it was the easiest solution for any disagreement, but first we need to
know what direct conflict covers as Dr. MAJDY HAMAD define it’s the most
dangers in short period (up to 5 years) and middle period (5to20) years because
nature of direct conflict makes new events like Arab and Israel war 1. Which means
it covers the solid battle ground and if we look to the definition we understand
that direct conflict moves the disagreements faster to a solution and by events in
direct conflict It means the victims of the conflict (war) and the destruction of
cities or humanitarian facilities like Frankfort in ww2 2 or Mongols attack on
Bagdad 3 the two cities rebuild from ground after the conflicts. In the old
centuries before 20th century all most any conflict was direct because of several
reasons which one of the reasons was majorly the deaths was on the battle
ground and whom ever won the battle majorly the common people who didn’t
join the war were takes as slaves , or another reason is the stronger countries had
the power to act without any consideration of major loss on his side because
there wasn’t any mass destruction weapons, another reason is the ruling system
because all most every civilization before 20th century was monarchy or
dictatorship and with this kind of system comes paranoia like Hitler 4 , But after
industrial revolution humanity slowly became the center of care and with the
newspapers the direct conflict between nation been even more disgusting
between the common people that’s for the tragedy it shows and if we look to the
first world war and their victims we understand that why Britain , France, Italy
agree to Germany occupying Sudetenland for peace5 they knew that their peoples
isn’t ready for another direct conflict. But in the end it happened bring so many
changes, As I mentioned with industrial revolution slowly human life and comfort
in the civilization became more important but with the science became even
more advance not just in electric and medical field but also in the military filed
1
14‫ ص‬,2013 , ‫ بيروت لبنان‬, ‫ دار النهضة العربية‬,‫ الصراع العربي االسرائيلي االصول والمستقبل‬, ‫دكتور مجدي حماد‬
2
Gen. George Patton takes Frankfurt, https://www.history.com, 28/1/2023

3
Siege of Baghdad (1258), https://military-history.fandom.com, 28/1/2023
4
New book claims Hitler was ‘paranoid schizophrenic with a persecution complex, metro.co.uk, 28/1/2023
5
Britain Appeases, www.iwm.org.uk, 28/1/2023
which led humans to discovers military flights which faster than sound missiles
that can exceed continents1, but before that in second world war in Japonica-
Americans battles with the approving of Americans government their military
used nuclear bombs that they targeted (Nagasaki-Hiroshima) in August sixth
1945, a civilized cities to make japan surrender2, in that incident humanity knew
how destructive direct conflicts can get , After world war 2 there was a lot of
Attempts of making another international war like soviet union and American cold
war but it failed because of that specific nuclear event that showed the capability
of modern human destruction capability, And in the old times even if two armies
have conflicted in the end of end neither one would be completely annihilate in a
day there would be some space for escape like Battle of Ṣiffīn 3 which took three
days and there wasn’t any annihilation of any side parts but in the modern
advanced military it’s all comes to a button if it get triggered there will be another
nuclear tragedy which get as to a point if in the old decades direct conflict have its
complete effect within month or several years nowadays direct conflict in one day
may surpass it with greater combat advancement the appearance of effect of
direct conflict will be severe and more sooner like what we see now in Ukraine-
Russian war with Russia less than a year destroyed most of Ukraine
infrastructure4. But beside nuclear reasons we think the direct conflict it’s just
good for occupying for short period of time but it can’t control the occupied lands
for a long period without making genocide and with international laws 5, so if we
consider water and food siege which is indirect direct conflicts is the most
common way to genocide. Direct conflict which has international nature it also
has intergovernmental nature which sometimes a forighn countrie empower a
grupe within another countrie for direct conflict that for the firist one is in direct
and there could be no forieghn suppliers on condition like Kurdish government
wanted independency from Iraq that led to direct conflict 6, there is another point
1
https://defence.gov.au, 28/1/2023
2
Jamie poolos, The Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, infobase publishing, newyork 132west 31st, 2008,
page 115.
3
Battle of Ṣiffīn, https://www.britannica.com, 28/1/2023
4
Lisa schelein, Half of Ukraine's Energy Infrastructure Destroyed by Russian Attacks, www.voanews.com,
28/1/2023
5
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, www.un.org, 28/1/2023
6
Tamer El-Ghobashy- Mustafa Salim, Kurdish and Iraqi forces in fierce clash for remaining district of Kirkuk,
www.washingtonpost.com, 29/1/2023
that before our modern civilization there couldn’t be any new countries or
independent groups without direct conflict in their beginning of appearance but
now with the new international law it has changed slightly because theoretically
its all now under UN approval 1, and because of these examples and reasons
direct conflict has outrages nature maybe it’s faster for concluding differences but
it cost highly.

1
The United Nations and Decolonization, un.org, 29/1/2023
 Indirect conflict
After the modernization of the new world order after Second World War with the
appearance of UN most of world conflicts have transmitted in to indirect conflicts
and apparently top major countries entitled them self’s under international court
of justice and UN 1, And for that the nature and the duration of indirect conflict is
different from direct conflict and even from before 20 th century indirect conflict
because the resources and economic system have grown with that human policy
which Dr. Ahmad Zachariah define conflict in a political perspective which It is a
special competitive position, in which the two parties or parties are aware of the
incompatibility in possible future situations, in which each of them, or one of
them, is forced to adopt or take a position that is not compatible with the
potential interests of the second party or other parties2. With this definition we
get to the point that there isn’t any need for existence of materialistic border for
conflict to thrive between the neighbor countries because fear of invasion, in our
current time fear of a country to be more advanced and capable in technology,
space exploration, energy domination, self-sufficiency, is more than direct conflict
which in most recent and destructive cases a country losses it’s all capabilities 3, in
international scale there is so many countries who adapt a certain position on
cases that have nothing to do with him to weaken or stop a certain parte or
parties and securing himself from future threats that may never be happen for
that all major country made for them self’s certain policy’s that is indirectly
conflict with another comparable policy’s interest and for that we have many
examples which I will mention in types of indirect conflict. And before mentioning
that to explain the nature of indirect conflicts it has complicated nature and fore
that indirect conflict exceed twenty years which is the top time of direct conflict 4,
because of that effects of indirect conflict take times to accommodate and it has
more victims when countries get to siege level of economical indirect conflict and
influence.

1
States entitled to appear before the Court, www.icj-cij.org, 3/2/2023
2
Ahmed Zakaria Ahmed ElBassoussy, The Implications of Energy Security Threats on International Conflict at East
Mediterranean Region, mothakirat-takharoj.com, 3/2/2023, page 31
3
Ukraine and Russia, www.state.gov, 3/2/2023
4
‫دكتور مجدي حماد‬, same reference, page 14
 Types of indirect conflicts
Now after explanation of indirect conflicts we now will count the types of indirect
conflict which any type of indirect conflict in their own field are direct but it can’t
be count as direct because the line between direct and indirect conflicts is using
private military force which this types can be reasons for using it.

1: Economical conflict : is the interference in international economic relations by a

state, or group of states, with the goal of enhancing their relative economic,
political, or military standing and this type of conflict is most popular one because
it happen even within allied countries1, like the conflict between communism and
capitalism in cold war2, and the most usable weapon in economic conflicts is
sanctions like the sanctions USA putted on IRAN that weakened IRANIAN currency
which we can say it’s a result of economical conflicts 3, like hunger raise and
immigration from sanctioned country.

2: Science and technology conflict : with our new century this type of conflict
from my perspective is more dangers than others because any natural country
researched in such technology that could give them a slight advantage like
nuclear technology they will find them self in sanctions even been occupied like
Iraq in 20034, maybe like American say it was for international security but in
other hand we have Taiwan which is in grave danger because of its economy
which there advance chips (CPU) manufacture bring and china want it for
himself5, and in our modern days we can’t know what since will bring in the future
from economic policy to mass destruction weapons even space occupation wars
with knew us space force6, And the space race between soviet union and USA
which was part of cold war7.

1
Economic conflict, http://encyclopedia.uia.org, 3/2/2023
2
Reasons for the Cold War, www.bbc.co.uk, 3/2/2023
3
Iran Sanctions, www.state.gov, 3/2/2023
4
The Iraq War, https://www.cfr.org, 3/2/2023
5
Marc Kennis, China needs tsmc to keep up with the us, stocksdownunder.com, 3/2/2023
6
Jennifer González, U.S. Space Force: The Sixth Branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, blogs.loc.gov, 3/2/2023
7
The Space Race, www.history.com, 3/2/2023
3: Political influence and intelligent agency’s (geopolitical) conflict: We can say
this type of conflicts happens in third party countries to secure that the third
party is their ally and can help him with his natural resources in future or aid him
in time of needs we can say this type of conflict is to secure and wining of ally’s
and in case that the both party had same influence on the third country it could
destroy it with in like Syria which Russia stand behind the government and USA
wanted to change the ruling system it didn’t end well 1, even we saw this kind of
conflict in cold war like the wall of berlin that two countries had their disputes but
why splitting another country2, I think this kind of conflict is for slowly building
international alliances in case for international war if it gets out of hand, and an
obvious double standard example is Taliban in the cold war US helped Taliban
weapons to fight soviet union3, And pull Afghanistan from their hand but after
their succession and Taliban was a realigns group that didn’t support US
ideology’s and politics US started to fight Taliban and to establish a government
that is near to their political ideas4, and for that we get that he nature of this
indirect conflict can be double standard.

Now it’s clear that in the short term direct conflict is more dangers but in long
terms indirect conflict is superior and for that indirect conflicts seems more
harmless and applicable but that’s falls because there was cold war between
SOVIET UNION and USA with all their indirect conflict strategy which produced
over 60 million victims5 , And there is second world war that produced between
30 to 60 million victims6, Which was a direct conflict.

1
Zachary Laub, Syria’s Civil War: The Descent Into Horror, www.cfr.org, 15/2/2023
2
Berlin Wall, www.britannica.com, 15/2/2023
3
Julie Lowenstein, US Foreign Policy and the Soviet-Afghan War: A Revisionist History, elischolar.library.yale.edu,
15/2/2023
4
The U.S. War in Afghanistan, https://www.cfr.org, 15/2/2023
5
‫ الحرب الباردة مقدمة قصرية جدا‬,‫روبرت جيه ماكمان‬, translator 2014 ,‫ الناشر مؤسسة هنداوي‬,‫محمد فتحي خض‬, page 11
6
How many people died during World War II?, Britannica.com, 15/2/2023