TRUONG DAT HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 17 (12-2015) NUOCU |G DINH DUONG TU RONG SUN KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII © ThS. Trér Thi Ngoc Mai” Tom tit Kappaphycus alvarezii la nguén nguyén liéu gidu dink dudng, gidu nhing thanh phan chive nding va an tod cho ngusi sie dung. Bai bao nay nghién ctu quy trinh sén xudt meée rong sun thu duege cdc thing s6 ki thuat sau: nha dam chan trong nude cb b6 sung CaCl & 85°C trong 3 phit, sau dé ngdm trong dung dich ding 10%; rong sun duce ngdm ngdp trong mec, thay meée 3 lan trong 6 gid ngdm; qua trinh ché bién voi ty Ig rong/nuée Ia 1/20, théi gian nau 15 phi, néng a6 dieing ciia ‘san pham lé 12%, 0) Ié thach nha dam bé sung Ia 4%. Sin phim duoc thanh tring 6 90°C trong 10 plnit. San phdm c6 pH 4, vi sinh va cdm quan dat loai khé. néng dé chat kho 12%; ham luong tro 0, 6 hot 2,3 Pasjchat leong Tie khod: Kappaphyeus alvarezii, rong sun, mebe udng dinh dudng. 1, Dat van dé Rong sun c6 tén thong mai 14 Cottonii, ki higu i KA, tén Khoa hoc li Kappaphyeus alvarezii thuge lép Rhodophyceae nganh Rhodophyta. Trong ty nhién, rong phat ign & nhiét d6 tie 20-34.5°C, Bd min thich hop dé rong cho nang suat cao, chat long tot 1a tir 29-34%. Trong diéu kién nuéc tinh (trong cae thay ve aurée yén tinh nur ao, dia nban tao...) va uhiét 6 muée cao (mia ning nong) rong sun doi hoi dinh durémg (cée mudi amon, photphate) cao hon cho sw sinh trrong. Rong sun co than dang tre tron, dudug kin thin chinh c6 thé dat t6i 20 mm. Rong sun chia nhanh ram rap, than gion, dé gay, khi khé thanh soi cimg nhwr simg. Rong sun sinh san chi yéu theo hinh thite sinh san dinh dung, ca thé méi hinh thanh tir abimg nhénh, hig bui mit ra tie co thé ban dau [6] Rong sun 1a loai rong bien nhist déi duge trong rong rai tai mét s6 ving bien Trung Quée, Nhat Ban, Philippin, Indonesia... G Viet Nam, ching cha yéu ¢ eae tinh Khanh Hoa, Pht Yén, Binh Thuan, Pha Quoc... San Ingng rong sun durge thong ké 6 ede nude trong kit vire nam 2011 cao nhat & Philipin 115000, Indonesia 25000, Tazania 8000 va Viét Nam 300 (tin khd). ‘Thanh phan hoa hoc cia rong sun luén thay phu thuge vao trang thai sinh ly, thoi gian sinh tnréng, diéu kién song nhv cong 46 bite xa, thinh phin héa hoe iia méi tring... Trong rong sun, ham hrong nuse chiém 77-91% con lai vai phan tram chat khé. Trong rong sun khé chita © Neghign cim sink, Traong Dai hoc Cong ngh@ Thanh phd HO Chi Minh chi yéu 1a carbohydrate (59.58 + 0.88%), tro (19.70 = 0,09%0), nade (14.28 + 0.32%), oven (6.74208 enzyme. [I] Kappaphycus alvarezii va Eucheuma denticulatum Ya hai loai chinh hién nay duge sit dung sin xudt carrageenan. k-carrageenan tir tao Kappaphycus alvarecit duage xem uli thre phim, chic ning dé ngin ngira ung the rudt két [5] ‘Ham luong khodng chat trong rong sun rat phong pli chi yéu la Ca, K, S, I va cae nguyén to khae ult Mg, Al, Ba, Sn, Fe, Si... Khoa hoe da ching minh rong bién hap thu tir nude bign hon 90 loai chat khoang véi ham Iugng mudi thap va calei cao, do dé ching drge wu tién hing dau di véi uhimg ngwii bj cao huyet Ap. Protein concentrate ciia Kappaphyous alvarecit (@ bien phia Tay cia An D9) ¢6 cae tinh chat chite nang durge dénh gia cao nhu 49 hoa tan cao, ¢6 tinh chat ahi ho: hinh thanh hé hii twong én dinh véi dau Jatropha, kha nang tao bot ben [7]. Tiém nang chong oxy héa cia chat chiét tir Kappaphyeus alvarezii c6 thé dirge coi nu li chat chong oxy hoa tw nhign va c thé cai thién hé thong chéng oxy hod trong co thé [3]. Tom lai, Kappaphyeus alvarezii la nguon nguyén liéu tiem nang, gidu dinh duéng, gidu nig thinh phan chite ning va an ton cho ngui sir dung [2] Nha dam hay cn goi 18 16 héi cé tén khoa hge la Aloe vera L., c6 ngudn gée fit Bac Phi. Do dic tinh chiu néng va chiu han tt cia nha dam nén ching duge trdng nhiéu 6 ce ving thude tinh Ninh Thuan va Binh Thuan... [4]. Thanh phan héa hoe ctia nha dam eve ky phite tap, ede hop chat c6 ich thing cao hon so véi cae loai 79TRUONG DAT HOC BONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 17 (12-2015) the vit khée. Nhigu céng trinh nghién etm di chimg minh trong cay nha dam e6 hon 200 thanh phan co hoat tinh sinh hoe khae nhau, trong 46 cd hon 75 thinh phan mang lai loi ich ve site khoe nh cde dan xuat anthraqninone, glycoside va cae sterol ¢6 tic dung nhuan trang, giam dau, khang vi ‘khuan, chong nam va tham chi khang virus [8]. Sw phoi hop 2 loai nguyén ligu trén dé san ‘xudt née uéng dinh ding vi cae thanh phan c6 hogt tinh sinh hoc eta ching mang lai gia tri dinh duong cao cho sin phim, déng thoi tao gid ti cm quan rit tét cho sn phim. 2. Vit ligu va phwong phap 24. Vat ligu Rong Sun Kappaphycus alvarezii thu tit ving bién Cam Ranh - Khinh Hoa. Trang thai rong: khé, mau vang rom, cong rong dai, cimg, khong bi méc, gay vun, mii tanh nhe dic tamg cua rong. Nha dam Aloe vera L. mua & hé théng siéu thi Maximark, v6 1a phai c6 man xanh toi, gai hat bén emg, nhon; la nha dam phai c&ng mong, déng déu vé kich thuée. ‘Nurse sir dung theo tigu chuin TCVN $502- 2003, curong saccharose dat chat hrong theo TCVN, 1695-87, a 2.2. Qui trinh ché bién mrée rong sun C- a= Da meee te a mete -_caanaba} (Snes inaem-|enes Hinh 1. Qui trinh ché bién nude rong sun 2.2.1, Niel nha dam Nhigt d9 chan duge khao sit 6 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C trong thai gian 1 phnit, 2 phiit, 3 phi 4 pit; cde Khoi nha dam duge dink gid cém quan ve can trite va mau sic. Qué trinh thim thau duéng durge tién hanh & cae nong 4 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% sau khi da xay nhuyén nha dam; cie miéng nha dam nay durge danh gid cam quan vé vi. 2.2.2. Oud trinh ché bién nuée rong sun Qua trinh ngam rong duoc Khao sat s6 thay nude ngim 1a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Lin va théi gian ngam 1a 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 gid; san pham duge danh 80 gid cém quan vé céu trite, mau, mii rong va xée dinh ham am va tro trong timg mau nghien cia. Qué trink niu duge tién hanh 6 cic ti 1g rong/mude 1a 1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40 va thoi gian nau la 5, 10, 15, 20 phat; chi tiéu xée dinh bao gom trang thai, mau va d nhot Qua trinh phéi tron véi cae nong 46 dong 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% va nha dam bo sung theo cae ti 18 0,02/1; 0,04/1; 0,06/1; 0,08/1 2.3. Phuong phap danh gid chat lugng sin pham ~ Cac chi tigu hoa ly: pH, him hrong chat kh6, ham am, tro, d6 nhét ~ Cac chi tiéu vi sinh: Danh gid theo TCVN 7401-2002. - Binh gid cm quan: Banh gid mite 49 wa thich gitta cée mau nghién ci bing phép thie so hang, thir tyr theo hang duge chuyén thanh digm twong (mg theo phttong phap ciia Fisher va Yates [9]. Danh gia cam quan sin pham bing phép thir cho diém theo TCVN 3215-79. 2.4. Phuong phap xi ly sé ligu ‘Moi thi nghigm dugc lip lai 3 lan, phan tic ANOVA bang phan mem wir ly sO liéu Statgraphies Centurion, 3. Két qua va ban lugn 3.1. Két qua xe dinh ché a6 xr ly nha dam Qua trinh xtt If na dam duroe tién hin theo qui ‘tinh G Hinh 1, trong d6 hai céng doan quan trong urge Khao sit d6 la chin va thim thau duimg. = Chan 1a qua trink dudi bét khi trong gian bao cia nha dam, lim gidm long nhst, gitp 16 hoi 66 edu tne cimg, gidn hon. Mau1 Mis Hinh 2. Cac khéi nha dam sau qua trinh chan Ché do chan bao gém nhiét do va thoi gian, ca hai yéu t6 nay deu cé anh huéug nat dinh dén chat Iugng cam quan cla san pham. Hinh 2 thé hién su khée nhau vé céu woe va mau cia khéi nha dam sau khi chin 6 ce ché 49 nhiét va thoi gian khac nhau. Ché 46 chin duge chon déi véi mau 1 1a nhigt 43 75°C trong thoi gian 4 phat, mau 2 la 80°C trong 3 phut, mau 3 1a 85°C trong 3 phiit va mau 4 14 Miu2 wihuaTRUONG DAT HOC BONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 17 (12-2015) 90°C trong 1 phat. Bang 1 mé ta chat hrong cam quan cia 4 mau nha dam due chon sau qua trinh chan. Bang 1. Trang thai cam quan va cae mau thi nghigm ‘cam quan cia Diém rant Diém ‘Trang thai cam quan| din | 4 | ain Mau gid | @™ | gia cam [4422 cam Céu trac | Maw | quan] vi | quan 1 fMimabet |B /.9 gas'fNeot | ogi Itrong nai ha > [Hoimém it [Tring | 9 1934Neot, |. r06¢ 2 tahot trong [°° Ici sit! 020° Cig, gién, [Tring | 9 geyefNeot [9 aca 3 fkhong cn nhét|sing | °88""Ieir [026° {Hoi mém va 4 fos, khong con |EB® |-o.206%fNe°" |,330" Inhot e fe Ghi chi: a,b biéu didn sy Kha nhaw 6 § nghita véi P<00: Tir Bing 1 cho thay mau 3 dat gid tri cém quan t6t nhat (khéi nha dam citng, gién, khong nhot va co mau trang sng) tuong tng vor ché d6 chin 1a 85°C trong 3 phi Tham thau dwong giip cdc miéng nha dam dat duge 46 ngot nhat dink dem lai gid ti cam quan ve vi tét nhét, d6ng thai Khi phoi tron vao dich nuée rong sun khong lim thay doi dang ke nong d6 duong ctia sin pham nhim om dink chi wong sin pham. Tir ket qua cho thay mau c6 nong 4 dudng 1a 10% duge wa thich hon cae mau edn lai, do dé néng dé nay duae chon dé nga nha dam, 3.2, Két qua xae dinh cae thong s6 thugt cho qua trinh ché bien née rong sun Trong qui trinh ché bién nude rong sun (Hin 1) cde céug doan duge tig hanh khao sat nham lam ting gid tri chat Inong san pham, bao gom cong doan ngam, nau va phoi tron, igim rong ngap trong nude gitip rong truong né t6i da, nhiim téch r6i ede bu ban bam tuén rong. hoa tan cae hop chat mau, ddng thoi cing lim that thoat mét s6 chat tan trong rong. Qué trinh nay gitip lam sach, ting rong va ho trey cho qué trink nau dign ra uhanh hen. So lan thay nude ngam va thoi gian ngém 1a hai yéu té anh hwéng dong théi len trang thai cam quan va chi tiéu héa ly cia rong. Mau 1 6 sé lan thay muée ngam 14 | lan va thi gian nga. 1a 8 gid, miu 2 thay née ngim 2 Kin va ngam trong 8 gid, mau 3 thay nude ngam 3 lan va ngim trong 6 gid, miu 4 thay nude ngam 4 Lan va ngém trong 6 gid va mau 5 thay nude ngim 5 Jan va ngam trong 4 gid. Cac mau duge danh gid cim quan va phn tich héa ly duge trink bay & Bang 2 Bang 2. Trang thai cam quan va chi tiéu hoa ly cia cae mau thi aghigm Chitiéucim quan | Chi tigu hoa ly Ham | Tro (%) ctu Ingng |(tinh theo Trang thai | Mau) Mui) chat {mau rong] kho | kh6) (%) 1 [Cums HME Ving |Tanh | 4,070") 18.428" Hoi mém, [Ving , 2 frruong ne vitalahat |? 18, [Mem trom: fp, Fan vast ng uhiéu ae IMém nhigu 4 thon, trong [TRE /TAMA | 5 515) 14 7164 om TME Nrcong at it Ind uhigu g IMém alin, [> 5 finongng [Tins /Tamb | 5 gsgs) 13,9535 ans luroug [rat it nhieu Ghi chi: Xem Bang 1 Tir Bang 2 cho thi s6 lan thay nuée cang it va thoi gian ngam rong eang ngén thi sw that thoat him wong chat kho va tro sé gid hon so véi cae mau con lai. Tuy nhién, nguoc lai sé Lan thay nude cang nhieu va thoi gian ngam rong cang dai thi gia tri cam quan thu duoc Jai tot hon. Be dat gid tr cim quan cho do wong la digu duge quan tam hon nén ché a9 ngam dirge chon la 3 lan thay nuée va tong thoi gian ngam 146 gia. ‘Nau 1a qua trinh ché bién duoc tién hank Khao sit ti 18 rong/nuée va thoi gian nau nhim tgo san phim dat gia tri cim quan vé trang th mau, miti va 46 nhot phit hop. Mau 1 cé ti 18 rong/muée 1a 1/10 théi gian nau 20 phat, miu 2 c6 ti Ié rong/nuée 1a 1/20 théi gian nau 1a 15 phut, mau 3 c6 ti lé rong/mude 1a 1/30 théi gian nau la 15 phat va mau 4 co ti lé rouginude 1a 1/40 théi gian nau 1a 15 phit. Cée mau trén duge dank gid cém quan ve mau va 81TRUONG DAT HOC BONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 17 (12-2015) trang thai, durge do a9 nhst va két qua durge trinh bay trong Bang 3 Bang 3. Trang thai cm quan, diém cim quan va a6 mot cia cic mau thi nghiém Trang thai cam quan | Diém | pe dank ° Miu a) am | oth, | hot Trang thai | Mau | gia cam (as) quan 1 Nhet nhicu Vang 0.253" | 2.63" 2 | het,trong | Sone | 9, go78 . miu 3 Hoi nhét. Khong 0.232" 139° trong suét_—_| mui | Niotithon, [Khon | 5 41° | ae trong suét_—_| mau San pham do uéng tir rong sun cé nét dic tng 1a d6 nhét cao va mii tanh ctia rong bien, do dé qua trinh ché bién duge thay déi nhiéu yeu 16 dé kiém soat hai chi tiéu nay. Néu qui cao sé tao cam quan khong tot cho san pham 40 uéng, con nguoe lai lam mat di nét dic trang ctia sin pham. Do do, trong sé sé dure dat vao ket qua cim quan dima trén mite 6 wa thich khée nhau ctia ngudi thir va két qui duoc chon la ti 18 rong/née la 1/20 va néu trong thi gian 1 15 phot, khi d6 sin pham dat khong mau, trong suét va hoi nhét Bang 4. Trang thai cm quan va diém cim quan cia cic mau thi nghigm ‘Trang thai cam quan Diém Mau 7 . danh gia vi Céu trac im quan Vingot [it dong nat, thach nha| 1 (“ene0t dam phan bé phan day | -0,399° inhat : chai nhiéu hon [Vi ngot dju, [Dang nha, thach nha 2. [de udng. c6 dam phan b6 kha dong) 0.884° Ihau vi ngot |déu * it déng nhat, thach nha [Vi ngot hot |tam e6 xu hueéng noi | -0,206° it sam oo a wen i Jen & phan migng chai iit déng nhat, thach nha 4 (a ‘dam e6 xu hung noi | 9 y9p hudng, mau |lén & phan migng chai Ingan inhiéu how Ghi chit: Xem Bang 1 82 Qué trinh phoi trén tién hanh nhim hoan thign va ting gia tri cam quan cho sén pham dae bigt 1a vi, Mau 1 c6 nong d6 during 1a 12%, mau 2 la 14%, mau 3 la 16%, mau 4 la 18% va ti le nha dam bo sung ¢ ca 4 mau trén déu 1a 4%. Vige phoi tron dong nham dieu hoa vi cho san pham théng qua danh gi cam quan, con phoi tron thach nha dam nham tao cau trite dep mat cho san pham, déng thdi cing lam ting gia tri dinh duéng do nha dam mang lai. Ti Ié thach nha dam b6 sung vao phai dat ti trong can bang véi dich nude rong khi dé ce miéng thach sé phan ‘bo déng déu va lo limg trong dich, diéu nay gop phan lam san pham khong con don digu tao mot gid tri cam quan v6 cing tot. Tr Bang 4, két qua thu duge néng d6 dung cia san pham 12% va ti 1g thach nha dam bé sung 1a 4% _ 3.3. Két qua danh gid chat lwgng san pham nuéc rong sun Thanh phan héa ly cia sin phim: ham ntong chat khé hoa tan 12%; pH 4,2; him lrong tro 0,8%; 49 nhot 2,3 Pas, San pham dat chi tiéu vi sinh theo TCVN 7041-2002 qui dink doi véi dO udng pha ché sin khéng cén. Chat hrong cam quan ctia sin phim dat diem trang binh danh gis la 7,05 theo phuong phap cho diém, sin pham thude loai kha 4. Ket ludin . Quy trinh sin xudt mde rong sun duge tién hanh qua hai cong doan chinh La xt ly nha dam va ché bién muée rong sun. Cac Khao sat trong qua trinh xir ly nha dam bao gom nhiét 46 va théi gian chan nha dam, qua trinh tham thau duéng va nha dam: thu duge cae thong sé sau: chan nha dam 6 85°C trong 3 phuit, ngdm nha dam trong dung dich dirang 10%, Cae khao sat eta qua trinh ché bién nuée rong bao gom qua trinh ngam rong trong nuée va thoi gian ngam: qua tinh nau va théi gian nau; qué trinh phdi tron voi durong va ti 1é nha dam b6 sung: thu duge cae thong so sau: rong ngam ngap trong nude va thay nude 3 lan trong théi gian 6 gig: nau véi ty 1é rong/mrée 1a 1/20 va thoi gian nau 15 phat, nong dé dvéng cia san pham 1a 12%, ty 1é thach nha dam bé sung 1a 4%. San phim duge thank trimg 6 90°C trong 10 phut sau Khi déng chai,TRUONG DAT HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 17 (12-2015) Tai ligu tham khao [1]. Faigah Abd-Rahim, Helmi Wasoh, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Arbakariya Ariff, Rizal Kapri, Nazaruddin Ramli, Liew Siew-Ling (2014), “Production of high yield sugars from Kappaphycus alvarezii using combined methods of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis”, Food Hydrocolloids, (42, Part 2), p. 309-315. (2). R. G. Abirami, $. Kowsalya (2012), “Sub-chronie toxicity and heavy metal toxieity study on Kappaphycus alvarezii in albino rats”, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, (2), p. $1372 $1376. [3]. K. Suresh Kumar, K. Ganesan, P. V. Subba Rao (2008), “Antioxidant potential of solvent extracts of Kappaphyeus alvarezii (Doty) Doty - An edible seaweed”, Food Chemistry, (107), p. 289-295 [4]. Dé Tat Loi (1990), Nhing edy thude va vj thuée Viét Nam, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Ha Noi [5]. Maya Raman, Mukesh Doble (2015), “x-Carrageenan fiom marine red algae, Kappaphycus alvarezii - A functional food to prevent colon carcinogenesis”, Journal of Functional Foods, (15), p 354-364. [6]. Kim Se-Kwon (2012), Handbook of Marine Macroalgae - Biotechnology and Applied Phycology, A Jolm Wiley & Sous, Ltd. (7]. K. Suresh Kumar, K. Ganesan, Kandasamy Selvaraj, P. V. Subba Rao (2014), “Studies on the functional properties of protein concentrate of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty - An edible seaweed”, Food Chemistry, (53), p. 353-360, [8]. Cao Minh Tri, Bui Van Hau, Lé Tién Ding (2013), “Khao sat thinh phan héa hoc etia la cay 16 hdi (Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger)”, Tap chi Khoa hoc Tredng Dai hoe Tra Vinh, (56 9), tr. 20-25 [9]. Ha Duyén Tu (2006), KF thudt phan tich eam quan thee phim, NXB Khoa hoe va K¥ thuat, Ha NO. ‘TRITION DRINKS FROM KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZ Summary Kappaphycus alvarezii is a highly nutritious source with various functional compositions, safe and healthy. This paper studied the production process of seaweed drinks. The results show the processing conditions as aloe vera was blanched in water modified with CaCl, at 85°C for 3 minutes, then soaked in 10% sugar solution; the seaweed was submerged in water with 3 times of water change for 6 hours of immersion: the ratio of algae/water for processing was 1/20 for 15 minutes, the sugar concentration was 12%, and the percentage of aloe vera jelly was added of 4%. The product was pasteurized at 90°C for 10 minutes. The product had pH 4.2; dry matter concentration 12%; ash content 0.8%: viscosity 2.3 Pa.s: both microbiological and sensory qualities were of good level Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, seaweed, nutrition drinks Ngay nhéin bai: 30/9/2015; Ngay nhén lai: 02/10/2015; Ngay duyét dang: 22/1. 2/2015. 83