DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 1 Paraphrasing Question, eBRa NOSEOFBHERKAG wen one teenager (EWA So sdnh véi cym tir bén cau héi va bai doe, ta cé: 7 hear a noise of breaking) <9 (hear a shattering sound. ‘threw a rock) (tossed a rock Gidi thich chi tiét @Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap an ding Simplify cua cau héi heard a noise (one teenager > nghe mét tiéng dng khi ném 1 vat gi dé > dap an la mot NOUN. Str dung théng tin cé sn trong phan trudc cau héi nh: 1946/7) va ‘three Bedouin shepherds ) , ta locate duc vi tri cia théng tin trong bai doc nhur trén. Simplify théng tin bai doc: » ‘tossed a rock’ va nghe mét tiéng déng = Néu skim / scan dua theo ‘threw a__' ban sé tap trung di tim mét danh tir sé it nao dé. > Ban sé thay nhiéu sy Iva chon nhu‘a rock’ va ‘a cliff’ ri logi trix > Hiéu tir vung thi chon diing, Khéng hiéu tir vung sé chon sai > Lam theo cach ca DOL, ban sé thay r6 rang: ném 1 vat gi dé lién két véi tiéng déng > ‘heard noise “hear a sound! > dap &n: rock Luu y: Lam theo cach cila DOL, dit khéng bist tir vung nhu ‘shattering’ hay ‘tossed’, ban van chon ra dap n ding € khi skim / scan, biét tir vung méi diing, khéng biét thi sai. @®DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 2 Paraphrasing Question: (SEREGEE)WERUAOINEPZULII and found a number of containers made of 3. So Anh véi cum tir bén céu héi va bai doe, ta c6: ‘teenagers ) < (he and his companions went to the cave ) < (entered the cave DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 3 Paraphrasing Question: teenagers went into the 2 So snh véi cym tir bén cau héi va bai doc, ta cé: ‘stumbled across ‘a number of ) © (a collection of and (found) @ number of |Gontainers) IEE ‘containers made of clay ) <> Giai thich chitiét '@ Ap dyng DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap an ding Simplify ctia cau hi 5 a [0] went into the 2 found @ number of containers made of 3. Di vao dau dé -- tim thay cdi gi dé > dap én [a mét NOUN mang nghia vat ligu Simplify théng tin bai doe: 5 ui entered the caveStumbled across a collection of large clay jars di vao cdi hang -- ‘stumbled accross’ mét bé suu tap clia ‘clay jars’ = O cau nay, néu ta skim / scan theo ‘containers made of ___' va tim NOUN > sé thay cht ‘contained scrolls' > chon scrolls > Lam theo phuong phdp cia DOL va doc cu tric, sé thay 6 rang ‘went into the cave' ting véi ‘entered the cave! > ‘found...’ sé ting véi ‘stumbled across...’ > di khong biét ttr vung, nhung van doan ding nghia > trong cum ‘large clay jars’ chi c6 clay la Noun va cén [a chat gu > dap an: clay @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 4 Paraphrasing Question: thought to have been written by (SUSIE B=e =e] a ‘So sanh voi cum tir bén cau hdi va bai dgc, ta co: known as the Essenes ) + (called the Essenes Giai thich chi tiét @ Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap an diing Simplify cia cau hoi: thought to have been written by) (group of people known as the 4. > Mét nhém ngudi nao dé > vist ra Dead Sea Scrolls > dap dn [a NAME cila mét nhém ngudi Ta sir dung céc théng tin trurée cau hi Simplify thang tin bai doc: ‘ay d8 locate inform: @ Cau nay img véi cdc théng tin cu héi da cd sn > bist dugc dap dn sé nam & bén dudi 5 oO e ‘the work of a population that inhabited the area > they 4m chi 'Dead Sea Scrolls’ 6 cau trude > chting la thanh phdm cla mot ‘population’ s6ng trong mét ‘area’.~ Dead Sea Scrolls dugc viét ra béi céi ‘population’ nay, nhung van chua biét ten > doc tiép a @ © (the area ) (was known as Judea ), (and ) (the people ) (are called the Essenes ) 6 day cé 2 NAME dé chon, Judea va Essenes > néu skim / sean thay chir ‘known as’ > chon Judea la sai > Judea la tén ciia cdi ‘area’, Essenes mdi la tén ctla nhém ngudi » dap dn: Essenes @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 5 Paraphrasing So sdnh véi cum tir bén cau héi va bai doc, ta cd: written mainly in.) ¢ (majority of the texts are in, Giai thich chi tiét '@Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap an diing Simplify cia cau héi: % duge vist chii y8u bang 1 ng6n ng nao dé > dap 4n [a 1 NAME Dua vao Name ctla mét ngén ngf, ta cé thé dé dang locate information nhu trén “Greek Aramaie' va Hebrew > dé biét cdi nao mdi la dép dn dung, ta phai doc tir trén xuéng Simplify théng tin bai doc: @ The majority of the texts ) Gre in Hebrew). > written mainly in <> majority of the texts are in > dap dn: Hebrew @ Luu y: Néu khéng chac chan ‘Hebrew’ la tén cia 1 ng6n ngtr > cdc ban ctr doc tiép dang sau dau phay cdc y bé trg them cho nd 88 thay > Hebrew la language @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 6 ParaphrasingQuestion: The Bedouin teenagers who found the scrolls {Were disappointed) by how (iftleMoney) they received for them. So sdnh cdc cym 6 cau héi voi bai doe, ta cé: © Gamal) > bai doc khéng 6 théng tin Giai thich chi tiét Tim trong bai dgc ta thay théng tin ‘sold for a small sum’ ting véi ‘little money’, nén. ta doc kj cdc cu nay. Tuy nhién doc ht dogn van khéng thay néi gi vé cam xtic cla nhing dita teenagers. @ > Chon NOT GIVEN @ >>> @ Tips: Néu ban van chuaa chac, va nghT théng tin nay c6 thé xuat hién 6 dau 6 trong bai doc nfta thi ban hay khoan chon dap 4n va lam tiép cau sau Vi dang True/False/NG thuéng di theo thir ty tir trén xung, ban o6 thé dya vao cdu \ruGc SSERRGSRGGENAEY va cy vao cau sav, GBBRREEIRUGETETEAD, apc het van khéng thay thi la NOT GIVEN, chit dimg dgc ca bai, rat tn thai gian DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 7 Paraphrasing So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau hdi ‘the origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls ) » exact words. agreement among academics) # (scholarly debate, Gidi thich chi tit @ Higu caundi: There is about {he origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls > Nguiin gc cia Dead Sea Scrolls duce ede nha hoe gid dong tinh dgc, ta cé:'@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: © (The origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls ) (is the subject of scholarly debate >>> Main idea: ngudn géc ctla Dead Sea Scrolls Id chit dé tranh cai cia hoc gid. > dap an: FALSE @ Luu y: la mét tir phé bin, cde ban ghi nhé né dé dé dang lam bai hon nhé Tuy nhién khéng biét tir vung, ban cé thé doan nghia. = én tan ngay hom nay, Dead Sea Scrolls van la cht dé gi dé lién quan dén hoc thuat. = lam hoai van chua xong > chua cé agreement > chon FALSE DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 8 Paraphrasing ‘So sanh cdc cym 6 cau héi véi bai dge, ta c6: EET (Geoks ofthe Skis) + (Soak ofthe Oid Testament ofthe BBE) [I G@oeompieie) & Gagmenis) fda 26 cdc cus sich dau khdng hoan then Most of the books are incomplete) < (The only entire book is Isaiah Gidi thich chi tiét @ Hidu cau he ‘Most of the books: > Da s6 cdc cudn sach déu khdng hoan chinh '@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: @ (The Dead Sea Scrolls )(jnelude fragments from every book > Dead Sea Scrolls bao gdm ‘fragments’ tir moi cuén séch, (The only entire book ) ((s Isaiah ). > Cudn séch hoan chinh duy nhat la Isaiah > cdc cudn khéc khéng hoan chinh ngoai trir Isaiah 3 dép an: True @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 9 ParaphrasingQuestion: The information on the (GBBBEESEPW is (written in’an unusual way). ‘So sénh cdc cum 6 cau héi véi bai doc, ta cé: Copper Scroll) > exact words written in an unusual way ) > (unconventional vocabulary and odd spelling Giai thich chi tiét Hieu cau nei: (The Copper Scrol) (is written in an unusual way). > The Copper Scroll duge viét m@t cach that thubng '@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: @ Copper Scroll) (features letters chiselled onto metal ). e © Gsing an unconventional vocabulary and odd spelling), it __) Gescribes 64 underground hiding places cu @: mé ta Copper Scroll la gi cu @: ban chat cla Copper Scroll cau ©: t8 chi tiét Copper Scroll - m6 td cae dia diém &n gidu bang cée cht khdc thudng. > chon True @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 10 Paraphrasing So sdnh cdc cym 6 cau héi véi bai doe, ta cé: Gas given some of the scrolls)» (acquired four of the original seven scrolls from) oo # (paying less than $100 for them Giai thich chi tiét @ Hidu cau di: (Mar Samuel) (was given some of the serolls > Mar Samual nh4n cc scrolls ma khdng tén tién. EET'@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: a a o o @hoemaie?, paying less than $100, >>> main idea: tén $100 dé mua 4 scrolls chon FALSE DAP AN &GIAITHICH CAU 11 Paraphrasing So sdnh cdc cym 6 cau hdi véi bai doc, ta cd: {n the early 1950s )e> (in 1954 c dy. Imotso uung dai h ‘@ number of Educational establishments ) (a number of universities orm he unsuccessfully offer them to universities Gidi thich ct @ Hiéu cau hii in the early 1950s ), (educational establishments in the US were keen to buy scrolls from Mar Samuel > Cée t8 chitc giéo duc tai US muén mua ‘scrolls’ tu. Mar Samuel '@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: 8 @ (ravelled to the United States v2] (unsuccessfully offered them to universities Mar Samuel di d&n nude My va khéng thanh céng tang cdc scrolls cho trutng dai hoe. Mar Samuel di d&n nude My va khéng thanh cng tang céc scrolls cho trudng dai hoc. >>> main idea: cac university khéng cham nhan dén nhan cac scrolls tir Mar Samuel > chon False @DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 12 Paraphrasing Question: The scroll that was pieced together {M|2OW) contains information about (AnUal Sceasions) in the Qumran area 2,000 years ago. So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau hdi véi bai doc, ta c6: was pieced together ) + (restored and deciphered ear i @nnual occasions) + (yearly religious events Giai thich chi tiét @ Hidu cauhi Contains information about annual occasions cudn gidy co thong tin v8 digp lé hang nam '@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: 0 ° estored and deciphered) (one of the last scrolls 5 © Eshbal Ratson and Jonathan Ben-Dov) 0 Spent one year reassembling the 60 fragments). 8 0 © Ceciphered), (the find) (provides insight into {2} the 364-day calendar ). a @ @ (The scroll) (Rames celebrations Getails two yearly religious events ). Cau 1: Gidi thigu vé cai scroll nam 2017 Cau 2: Tén bao lau dé thyc hién Cu 3: Sau khi gidi ma thanh céng, thay théng tin ve cong dong va cai lich Céu 4: Cai scrolls ké tén cac Ié I6c va cae sy kién tén gido hang nam. chon True @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 13 ParaphrasingQuestion: Academics at the University of Haifa (are eurrently researching) how to decipher the final scroll. So sanh cdc cum 6 cau hdi véi bai doc, ta c6: creT > khong ¢6 théng tin trong bai doc Gidi thich chi tiét Chi cén mét cau cudi cling trong bai dé doc va tim dap 4n cho cau hdi nay, nhung khéng 6 théng tin paraphrase nao tung Ung @ = Chon NOT GIVEN Qo >>> Tips: Céc ban lam bai thé loai nay tu trén xudng dudi nhé dé han ché dugc pham vi tim théng tin trong bai. Vi dang True/False/NG thudng di theo tht’ ty tir trén xudng, ban cé thé dya vao céu rude EBISEEERGERARD v8 civ vb cou sou, BISECERSEHGTAAT, doc hét van khéng thay thi la NOT GIVEN, chtr ding doc cd bai, rat tén thai gian DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 14 Paraphrasing /5i bai dgc, ta C6: So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau héi ‘a type of tomato) = a strain of tomato resist a infection ) < (resistant to a common disease Lec} (which can devastate yields ). Cu @ cho ta dap dn, nhung ta phai doc thém cu @) méi hiéu ati nghia. They > The team in China a strain > a strain of wild tomato > "The team in China’ tao ra mét ‘strain of tomato’ chéng lai mét loi disease. tdi day ta da biét né dang néi v8 mOt logi tomato cé thé ching lai dich bénh, manh dang chon dap én lun >>> Gig ta da hiéu tron ven vi sao chon C rai @DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 15 Paraphrasing Question: an explanation of how (SEIERISTESRTEHES from focusing only on ‘So sdnh cdc cym 6 cdu héi véi bai doe, ta cé problems can arise ) < (much genetic diversity is lost. @ certain type of tomato plant) <> @ single plant with a mutation Gidi thich chi tiét >>> %& Tips: Thé loai matching paragraph information céc ban lam eudi nhé, vi thir ty dap dn khéng di theo thir tyr ciia cdu héi. Trénh tung hop doc qué nhiéu tdn thai gian. Khi quay Iai lam bai nay thi phn nao ban da nam dugc ndi dung bai > c6 thé locate cho nhanh Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking Step 1: Hiéu cu héi & imagine paraphrase + problems > cdc yéu t6 tigu cue + Tap trung vao 1 loal cay > cdc hau qua xu ndo dé ‘Step 2: Tim ther imagine * problems > genetic diversity is lost > Théng tin tim duge 6 paragraph B @ ‘G Simplify + connection véi Linearthinking dé nam main idea: ° produce pea-sized fruits). © (ver many generations ), (the Aztecs and Incas transformed the plant by selecting and breeding plants ). S) ° @ single plant with a mutation u (is taken from a larger population for breeding ), (much genetic diversity ) (is lost. ) Cau @: Ca chua hoang da trai nhé nhu hat dau Cau @: Nguti Aztecs va Incas bién déi cay nay bang cdch chon va nhan gidngC4u ©: Cau tric song song. mét loai cay dugc mang di nhn giding > da dang gen bi mat > da dang gen bj mat la 1 hau qua xu, ting voi problems >>> Gié ta da hiéu tron ven vi sao chon Bréi @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 16 Paraphrasing So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau hai véi bai doe, ta cé: dy cao ‘examples of plants ) = (including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea. SETI are not cultivated at present) (obscure piants thu 30) (Gould be useful as food sources) <> (Could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream") Sen Gidi thich chi tit >>> & Tips: Thé logi matching paragraph information céc ban kam cudi nhé, vi thir ty dap én khéng di theo thir ty cila cau héi, Trénh truéng hgp doc qué nhieu tén thi n. Khi quay Iai lam bai nay thi ph&n nao ban da nam duge néi dung bai > c6 thé locate cho nhanh Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking & Step 1: Hiéu cau héi va imagine paraphrase: + anumber of examples of plants > liét ké ra nhiéu loai cay - imagine cac tir For Example, Include, Such as + not cultivated at the present > nhting loai cay khéng phé bign, khong dugc trong trot rong rai + could be useful food source > trong tung Iai sé thay thé duge cai cli, c6 thé ban rng rai cho cng dong Step 2: Tim thi imagine + anumber of examples of plants > including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea + not cultivated plants > obscure plants + could be useful food source > could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream’> Théng tin tim duge 6 paragraph E @ '@ Simplify + connection véi Linearthinking dé nam main idea: 5 a ° Could boost the use of many obscure plants 5 © Gut) (willbe hard for new foods to grow) (So popular that) u become new staple crops ). a a © (The three teams ) (already have their eye on other plants RC {hat could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream’), including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea. cau @: boost the use of many obscure plants > gia ting mie str dung cia nhieu loai cay la chu tung thay > dang néi vé cay it tréng cu @: Nhung kné 48 cho né tré than ‘stable crops’ > néi ve cdi challenge cule céc cay it trong céu ©: 3 di dang nham téi céc loai céy c6 tim nang tham nhgp vao thi tru’ng > cc loai cay c6 thé ban cho nguidi tiéu ding la bao gom A, B,C > A,B, Cla cdc cy la ¢6 thé tré thanh ngun thc n chinh >>> Gid ta da hiéu tron ven vi sao chon E r6i @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 17 Paraphrasing ‘So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau héi véi bai doc, ta c6: early domestication of the tomato ) <> (domesticate the wild tomato more recent research ) < (re-domesticated tomatoes ‘a comparison ) <> (have done it betterGi hich chi tiét >>> &B Tips: Thé loai matching paragraph information céc ban lam cudi nhé, vi thir ty dap an khéng di theo thir ty ctla cu hai. Trénh trudng hgp doc qua nhiéu Gn thoi gian. Khi quay lai lam bai nay thi phn nao ban d& nm duge ndi dung bai > c6 thé locate cho nhanh Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking @& Step 1: Hiéu cau héi e paraphrase: + a.comparison + imagine cc cau tric cau so Anh (han, bang, kém, va nhat) + early domestication of the tomato > phurong phdp cil ‘+ more recent research > phurong phdp méi so sénh cdi ci véi cdi méi Step 2: Tim thir imagine + acomparison > less than 3 years, have done better + early domestication of the tomato > 3,000 nam domesticate wild tomato + more recent research > have done it again, re-domesticated tomatoes > Théng tim duge 6 paragraph A @ © Simplify + connection véi Linearthinking dé nam main idea: © @® ook at least 3,000 years {0 learn how to domesticate the wild tomato and cultivate it for food @ Wow two separate teams ) (have done it all over again in tess than three years). @And have done it better the re-domesticated tomatoes ‘re more nutritious than the ones we eat at present. Cau @: Tén 3000 nam dé loai ngu’i hoc cach thuan héa cay ca chua hoang da > cach ci Cau @: Bay gid sdnh thdi gian 2 teams dé lam lai diéu dé chi trong 3 ném dé Iai > céch méi, so Cau ©: Ho da lam tét hon, vi céy mdi dinh duéng hon > so s4nh >>> Gia ta da hiéu tron ven vi sao chon A roi @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 18 ParaphrasingQuestion: @)BEISOREIFEEEIGN to the (IEVEURGFERERTBRE) that nas been genetically edited So sénh cdc cum 6 cau hdi véi bai doe, ta co: ‘a personal reaction ) + (says Kudla. flavour of a tomato )e> (fasty, strong, aromatic Gidi thich chi tiét >>> @ Tips: Thé logi matching paragraph information cdc ban lam cui nhé, vi thir ty dap dn khéng di theo thir ty clia cu héi. Tranh trudng hgp doc qué nhiéu ‘t6n théi gian. Khi quay lai lam bai nay thi phn nao ban d& ndm duge ndi dung bai > 06 thé locate cho nhanh Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking @& Step 1: Hiéu cu héi va imagine paraphras + a personal reaction > cém nhan hoa Idi néi cla 1 ngudi nao a6, + flovour of a tomato > doan true céc tinh tirlién quan: sweet, sour, tasty, bad taste, ... Step 2: Tim thir imagine + a personal reaction > says Kudle + flavour of a tomato > tasty, strong, aromatic > Théng tin tim duge 6 paragraph C @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 19 Paraphrasing So sanh cdc cym 6 cau héi véi bai dge, ta C6: (Gdaptto future environmental challenges ) « (Ghrive even as the planet warms) Giai thich chi tiét3: DSi véi dang Matching name nay ban nén xc dinh vj tri t&n cdc d6i tugng trudc thi sé lam nhanh hon nha {@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: Higu cau héi: (Domestication of certain plants ) (Could allow them {to adapt to future environmental challenges > Sy thu’n chiing cia 1 sé loai cay - s8 tao diéukién cho - cay thich ting véi mdi trutng Hiéu bai doe: @y choosing wid plants What ae drought or heat olrant) ays Ga0) » (We could create ) (Crops that will thrive ) (even as the planet warms.) > Main idea: Bang viée chon cdc cay hoang da cé A hoae B - sé dan dén - tao ra, cy 06 thé phat trign khi hanh tinh néng len. Gao @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 20 -C > Answer: Paraphrasing Question: The idea of (growing and/eating) UnUsUallplants| may not be accepted (6h) So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau hdi véi bai doe, ta cé: (@oningand eating) «+ Carmers and consumers E (GusuaipiaTis) « @Hscurepianis) (Got be accepted) # (Ga hard for new foods to grow so popular) MOC (on a large scale) + (become new staple crops, Giai thich chi tist ete: truéc thi sé lam nhanh hon nha : DSi voi dang Matching name nay ban nén xéc dinh vi tri tén céc d6i tugng ‘@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: : (The idea of growing and eating unusual plants May not be accepted ) (on a large scale. > an va trong cay Ia - khong duge chap nhan - trén dién rong u cau hiHiéu bai doc: But it will be hard for new foods to grow (Go popular with farmers and consumers that ) (they become new staple crops ), > ‘new foods’ & day dang ndi vé ‘obscure plants’ & cau phia trén. > Main idea: néng dan va ngudi tiéu thu - s8 khé chip nh§n - cay méi la lam loal thye phém chi yéu. > Answer: D - Jonathan Jones @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 21 Paraphrasing Question: It is {RlOt adVisabIe) for the future direction of certain research {6 \be made) So sanh cac cum 6 cau héi voi bai doe, ta C6: ETT (not advisable to be made public) > (didn’t want to reveal) Gidi thich chi tiét '@ Tips: Ddi vdi dang Matching name nay ban nén xdc dinh vi tri tén cdc adi tugng truée thi sé lam nhanh han nha ‘Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: Hiéu cau héi: ((tis not advisable) (for the future direction of certain research (o be made public. > dinh hudng tuong lai ca nghién ctu ma di cong bé - la khong nén > khéng nén céng bé nghién ctu Hi bai doe: (Wien species ware nis tam" SHE, > Main idea: Kudla khéng muén tiét 16 - ching loai ma déi cia 6ng nham tdi, bai vi > Answer: A- Jorg Kudla @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 22 Paraphrasing Question: Present efforts to domesticate i WAGNTU (limita BYRTGTEOSTS| So sanh ede cum 6 cau héi 61 bai doc, ta c6:one wild fruit = (Groundcherries (@re limited by the costs involved ) « (faking the work further would be expensive ) {§ Tips: Déi vdi dang Matching name nay ban nén xdc dinh vi tri tén cdc d6i tugng ‘trudc thi sé [am nhanh hon nha ‘@Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: Gre limited by the costs involved ). > céng stic hién tai dé thuan chting 1 loai tri hoang da - bi han ché bei $$ Higu bai doc: > 'she' la Van Eck, Hiéu cau h ‘the work’ ld cong suc ‘edit Groundcherries' cila d6i Van Eck > Main idea: nghién ctu ctia Van Eck > sé rat dat tién néu tiép tue > Answer: C- Joyce Van Eck @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 23 Paraphrasing So sanh cac cum 6 cau hdi véi bai doc, ta cd: make use of a small proportion ) < (comes from just 15 crops. rye phm thc vat tren tra dt 150,000 cay én duge ten the oc plant food available on Earth) <> (50,000 edible plants in the world i thich chi tit $8: DSi véi dang Matching name nay ban nén xdc dinh vi tri tén cdc d6i tugng trude thi sé lam nhanh hen nha ‘@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: Hiéu cau > Con nguidi - xai it thie an thue vat biéu bi age: (Theze a8) (60,000 aaa plants) (Hthe word), Gat (@O_percent of our energy ) (comes from just 15 crops )> Main idea: chting ta chin 15/50000 loai thyc vat an duge. > Answer: A - Jorg Kudla @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 24 Paraphrasing Question: (ARURGESTEBISRI GUEHES) loss of 100 may be caused by a “mutation ina tomato gene. ‘So sénh cdc cum 6 cau héi véi bai doc, ta cd: +>(less desirable traits) Pe e ° ° thich chi ‘@Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap an ding ‘Simplify ctia cau héi: (An undesirable trait such as loss of 7 Caused by a mutation in a tomato gene > mutation cila gene > mot mat mét gi dd > dap dn 12 mOt NOUN, mét ban chat clla ca chua > cé thé la vé mau sc, huang vi, kich thuge str dyng information vé ‘desirable trait’ va ‘mutation’, ta tim ra vi tri céia dp 4n nhur trén ‘Simplify théng tin bai doc: ° > Cau nay cho cdc théng tin ting véi céu héi nhu: ‘mutations’ va ‘desirable traits’ - > cy thé la trait gi thi chua ¢6 nén phdi doc tiép @ For instance), > FOPRSRRRER? ng v. = dap an la flavor’. @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 25 “oss of ing vi “have lost avour ParaphrasingQuestion: By (MOdifying|6he Gene) in a tomato plant, researchers made the tomato three times its original 2 So sénh céc cym 6 cau héi voi bai dgc, ta c6: coe ° = ° Gidi thich chitiet ‘@Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap 4n dung ‘Simplify cia cau héi: (By modifying one gene ), three t al 2. > modify one gene > tomato x3 something tim ra vj tri ca dap an nhu trén ‘Simplify théng tin bai dgc: =m @ Cidia’s team) (made six changes altogether e tripled the size of fruit > edit a gene > x3 size = dép an la'size’. @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 26 Paraphrasing Question: A type of tomato which was [Riot badly affected by SLL , and was|] FEES was prouced by G@EERTSEESCROTSTTCHS. So sdnh cdc cum 6 cau hdi doc, ta cé: Peseng sn ng ub mo e ° 2 Gidi thich chi tiét ‘Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap an ding ‘Simplify ctia cu héi (Which was not badly affected by 3) Canclwas renin vitamin ©), (Was produced by a team of researchers in China ).> Team China tao ra tomato giau vitamin C va mot dac diém gintia > dép dn la mot NOUN dya vao céc info nhu ‘Witamin(G) va (China)’, ta tim ra vj tri cia dap an nhu trén Simplify théng tin bai doc: (Tey) iso created) (another stain) (hats more sat wolerand) - » Ho tao ra mét loai cé (Witamin C) cao va ‘more salt tolerant’ > dya theo cau tric song song, (vitamin ©) ting v6i nhau > ‘more salt tolerant) ing ves “not baly affected by > chon ra NOUN trong cum tir 3 dap an l&: SALT @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 27 Paraphrasing Question: [THG)BUFBEBS of the frst paragraph is to Answer: outine SRN SEURBLSR) ‘So snh véi cum tir bén cau héi va bai dge, ta cé: SEE See se ° + + Giai thich chi tiét ‘@ Doc theo Linearthinking (Read in structure) dé nam y chinh, ta c6: 5 a oO © Gcientific discovery) (5 popularly believed to result from ) (the sheer genius) (of such intellectual stars ) (as naturalist Charles Darwin, {heoretical physicist Albert Einstein). a a © Gurview) GF such unique contributions to science) (ften disregards Li (the person's prior experience [yz] {he efforts of their lesser-known predecessors.§ a © Conventional wisdom) (iso places great weight on insight in promoting 5 o (breakthrough scientific achievements ), a (pontaneously pop into someone's head ) - Cau @ gidi thigu m6t nhan dinh chung duge nhiéu nguai biét dén, Scientific Discovery xuat phat tir Genius. Cau @ tiép tuc néi vé nhan din trén, Céng sic ca nhiéu ngudi bi bé quén khi tin rang Genius > Scientific Discovery Cau © van néi vé cai tri tué duoc biét trude gid, Genius > Scient Discovery = Breakthrough = ¥ tuéng ty nhién trén trdi roi xuéng 3 Main idea: Chi néi vé 1 chii dé, mang tinh chat ligt ké théng tin > ing véi dap an D. outline a common assumption @ Incorrect options: + A -defend pai leas a > ideas - 4m chi sé nhiéu cdc ¥ tuéna, trong bai chi ndi Vé 1 > Lo: + B~ compare certain beliefs. > beliefs - £m chi s6 nhiéu niém tin, trong bai chi ndi vé 1 > LogiB + C-disprove a widely held view. > widely held view - chi ndi vé 1 idea, rat giéng véi ‘is popularly believed, nhung trong bai khéng c6 lp lun phan bign > Loai C & DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 28 Paraphrasing Question: What are the writers doing in the second paragraph? Answer: ettieising) an pinion) So sanh véi cum tir bén cau héi va bai doc, ta co: i [nm Tor ° mt ° Giai thich chi tiét s ‘Doc theo Linearthinking (Read in structure) dé nam y chinh, ta c6: ° Gome lnited wath to tis view). teelargely misrepresents ) (the real nature of scientific discovery ), (as well as > ‘This view’ ding & mét mic 46 han ché, nhung né ‘largely misrepresents’ ban chat that cia scientific discovery, creativity va innovation » ‘This view’ diing 6 mét mttc d6 han ché, nhung né ‘largely misrepresents’ ban chat that ctia scientific discovery, creativity va innovation * Main idea: Chi ra mat han ché lén cia mét view point. DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 29 Paraphrasing Question: In the third paragraph, what do the writers suggest about Darwin and Answer: They represent @RTEXESpHGR to @GeneraIFU. So sanh véi cum tir bén cau héi va bai dge, ta C6: Darwin and Einstein) <> (Darwin and Einstein ‘an exception) <= (Setting aside <> (novation is more a process of trial and error Gidi thich chi tiét ‘& Doc theo Linearthinking (Read in structure) dé nam y chinh, ta ct oo © Gaiting aside such greats as Darwin and Einstein) - fs 5 (Whose monumental contributions are duly celebrated ) - (we ) (suggest) (that) 8 is more a process of trial and error), & (where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one ‘or more steps to the right or left. ) > Main idea: Darwin va Einstein durge dat ra 1 bén khi néi vé vn dé ‘innovation’ Ia ‘trial and error’ » Darwin va Einstein la ngoai Ié > ting vi dap an A - They represent an exception to a general rule. @DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 30 Paraphra: 9 Question: John Nicholson is an example of a person whose idea ‘Anais: laid the foundations ‘or someone else's breakthrough So sdnh véi cum tir bén edu hdi va bai doc, ta cé: Gonmnicneizon) «+ ohn Nihotson) fccneny (Gidithe foundations) «> (umpad off from this interesting Wea) Gormaone wise breakthough) +> (WBN) + his now-famous model of the atom) Gidi thich chi tiét ®@ Doc theo Linearthit ing (Read in structure) dé nam y chinh, ta c 8 oe ), (amid his often fanciful theories and wild speculations ), 0 {also proposed ) (@ novel theory the structure of atoms). 8 © (els Bohr), (the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory ), chs resting Wea no mous model of the atom. céu @: Nicholson dé xuat gid thuyét vé cau tric nguyén tr céu @; Niels Bohr dya vao y tuéng dé ma tao ra mé hinh nguyén tir > tré nén ndi tiéng Main idea: Nicholson lét nén cho Niels Bohr > ting véi dap én C - laid the foundations for someone else's breakthrough. @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 31 Paraphrasing Question: What is the key point of interest about the (laeey-deuey Stintup) Placement? Answer: the simple reson why it was invented ‘So sénh véi cym tir bén cau héi va bai doc, ta cé:“acey-deucy’stirrup placement )e> (acey-deucy'stirrup placement ‘the simple reason why it was invented ) <> (He suffered a leg injury ) + EEE TT His modification just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turnin: performance Giai thich chi tist ‘& Doc theo Linearthinking (Read in structure) dé nam y chinh, ta cé: © the so-called ‘acey-deucy'stirrup placement), (in which the rider's foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower ‘than the right) ® confer important speed advantages @when turning on oval tracks ) (was) Geveloped ) (by) @ relatively unknown jockey ) named Jackie Westrope ). 5 © Cad) Westrone ) ‘extensive film records in a shrewd plan ‘outrun his rivals )? © Gad ne (oreseun) (he sped aavaniage) (that would be conferred by riding acey-deucy )? @No. 8 © Ge) Guffered) (@ leg injury ), (which left him unable to fully bend his left knee. ) 5 © Gis modification ) (ust happened to coincide enhanced left-hand turning performance Cau @: acey-deucy’st Tup placement la gi Cau @: ngudi tao ra né [a mot ngudi khéng néi tiéng, Jackie Westrope Cau @ + © + @: Westrope khéng lam cai gi phifc tap cdCau @: 6ng bi chan thuong chan trai Cau @;: sy stra déi cia Ong v6 tinh ‘enhanced left-hand turning performance" > Main idea: acey-deucy'stirrup placement dugc tao ra mét cdch vé tinh va khéng phic tap. > Ung véi dap an A - the simple reason why it was invented @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 32 Paraphrasing Question: Acknowledging people such as PlatO/6F Ga Vine) as GSAIUEES wi (REISE! So sénh véi cym tir bén cu héi va bai doc, ta cé: = Plato or da Vinci) < (Plato, Leonardo da Vinci m help us understand) # (vague and of doubtful) + merely label rather than e ‘in, e the process by which great minds create new ideas) <> the evolution of humai jovations Gidi thich chi tiét 5 ‘Acknowledging people such as Plato or da Vinci as geniuses @ Hiéu cau hai (Will help us understand ) (the process ) (by which great minds create new ideas ) > viéc Ong nh4n Plato hoac da Vinci [a thién tai s8 gitip chung ta hiéu vé quy trinh sang tao ctla ho '@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: 5 5 @© (he notions of insight, creativity and genius) (are often invoked ) , (but) (they) (femain vague and of doubtful scientific utility ), (especially when ) (one) (Considers) {he diverse and enduring contributions of individuals @iato, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare, Beethoven, Galileo, Newton, Kepler, Curie,Pasteur and Edison. 5 e ‘merely label rather than explain ‘the evolution of human innovations Cau @: Khai niém vé thién tai > ‘vague and doubtful’ Cau @: Khai niém nay khéng gidi thich vé ‘the evolution of human innovations’ >>> Main idea: uy trinh sang tgo khéng duge giai thich. ~ d6i lap hoan toan véi cdu héi > chon FALSE @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 33 Paraphrasit So sanh véi cum tir bén cau hdi va bai doc, ta co: at The Law of Effect) » (The Law of Effect, was discovered at a time) was advanced in 1898, some 40 years after Charles Darwin published his groundbreaking work 4 (eychologist Edward Thomadike) Seeking @ scientific reason why creativity OCCUrS) > kh6ng c6 théng tin trong bai doc Gidi thich chi tiét ry cra 5 $@ Hieu cau hoi: (The Law of Effect E when psychologists were seel scientific reason why creativity occurs ). > The Law of Effect dugc phat hién vao liic cdc psychologist - dang tim ‘a scientific reason why creativity occurs’ 8 The Law of Effect (by psychologist Edward Thorndike(7898), (Gis groundbreaking work on Bvlogieal evolution), On the Origin of Species). >>> Main idea: The Law of Effect dugc dé xut béi mét psychologist Edward Thorndike - vao nam1898 > khéng c6 théng tin vé cdc psychologists khéc, cling nhu ho dang lam gi > chon NOT GIVEN @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 34 Paraphrasing Question: The Law of Effect states that (no|planning/Is involved) in the Behaviour of So snh véi cum tir bén cau hdi va bai doc, ta c6: The Law of Effect) > (The Law of Effect SEI uct «© (without any endl objective in sight aud tien ny moe cla vib Ben Iva chon oe] (the behaviour of organisms ) «> (mechanical process of variation and selection) Giai thich chi tiét 5 a (@ Hiéu cau héi: (The Law of Effect my {that no planning is involved in the behaviour of organisms > hanh vi cia sinh vat khéng cé ké hoach '@ Apdung jearthinking dé nam m: 5 o Just like Darwin's Law of Natural Selection ), (the Law of Effect {an entirely mechanical process of variation and selection ), without any end objective in sight ). >>> Main idea: the Law of Effect khéng co bat ky muc tiéu cudi cing nao. > khéng cé muc tiéu ting véi khéng cé cé ké hoach > chon TRUE @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 35, Paraphrasing Question ‘5216 0ut lar explanations abou: the sources of new‘So sdnh véi cum tir bén cau hdi va on The Law of Effect) <> (the Law of Effect: CIE bing} Sets out clear explanations) # (is not as clearly known rors va han vi {he sources of new ideas and behaviours) <= Te The provenance of the raw material i thich chi tiét 8 0 *@ Hiéu cau hoi: (The Law of Effect ‘about the sources of new ideas and behaviours. > The Law of Effect gidi thich ré rang vé ngudn géc cua ¥ tuéng méi va hanh vi '@ Ap dung Linearthinking dé nam main idea: 5 {in particular ), (the provenance of the raw material (on which the Law of Effect operates ) (is) (not as clearly known as o [Retstive Clause} (that of the genetic mutations ) (on which the Law of Natural Selection operates ). = >>> Main idea: Law of Effect khéng ré rang bang Law of Natural Select > chon FALSE @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 36 Paraphrasing So sénh véi cym tir bén cau héi va bai dge, ta c6: Many scientists) > khéng c6 trong bai doc ° EESTI {the notion of intelligent design and genius) «> Ce Ghe naive notions of intelligent design and geniusGidi thich chi tiét Chi cdn mét cau cudi cing trong bai dé tim dap n, Du c6 nhiu information dugc tim thay nhur Nhung khéng cd information nao ndi vé ‘many scientists" > Chon NOT GIVEN @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 37 Paraphrasing Question: (The traditional view of Scientific discovery is that breakthroughs happen when a single great mind has @UG=Tiaa So sanh vi cym tir bén cau héi va bai dge, ta co: The traditional view of scientific discovery) <> (Conventional wisdom enn breakthroughs) «+ (breakthrough scientific achievements. © ((deas spontaneously pop into someone's head Giai thich chi tiét (@ Ap dung DOL's Linearthi Simplify olla cau héi: cach nhin truyén théng vé khdm pha khoa hoc la dét pha - xay ra khi 6 surdot. 19 dé tim dap an ding ngét nao dé dua vao ‘traditional view’, ta locate duge information trong bai nhu trén Simplify théng tin bai dgc: (Conventional wisdom places great weight on insight in promoting breakthrough scientific achievements ), (deas spontaneously pop into someone's head > main idea: tri tug truyén thdng dat nang van dé dét phd khoa hoc > cir nhu la y tuéng ty nhién hién [én trong dau ~ has sudden ideas" “ids spontaneous pop nt someone's head > idea Ung vdi inspiration trong cac dap an duge lya chon = dép 4n a ‘inspiration’ - F. @DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 38 Paraphrasing Question: In some cases, this process involves bout [GREER So sdnh véi cum tir bén cau héi va bai doc, ta cé: 3 exact word = exact word Giai thich chi tiét {@Ap dung DOL's Linearthin! simply cia eau si: (@some cases), (his process) (vows ——), > dua theo word pattern cia ‘involves’ > dap an la mot NOUN > va n6 dugc bé nghia thém bang vi du ‘theory proto-elements"' cia 6ng ‘Nicholson | > phai tim ra nhiing théng tin vé cai ‘theory proto-elements’’ la gi. dua vao cdc dau higu 'Nicholson' va ‘proto-element,, ta locate duge information , such as (MIEREIEGH theory 46 tim dap an dung trong bai nhu trén Simplify théng tin bai doc: ° (was wrong about the presence of proto-elements ): > theory about proto-elements was wrong Noun eda wrong trong danh sach chi cé thé a mistake = dép n [a ‘mistake’ -D. @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 39 Paraphrasing Question: There is also often an element of , for example, the (Goinéidence) of ideas that led to the invention of the (Post-It note. So sénh véi cum tir bén cau héi va bai doc, ta cé: m e Post-It note) exact word Gidi thich chi tiét‘@Ap dung DOL's Linearthinking dé tim dap én ding Simplity eda eau ho: (Theres aso ofen an Sement of), (Graxample), » Post-it note la mét su tring hop > su tring hop nay [a tét hay xdu? st dung tén sn pham [Post=lfnote), ta locate dugc information trong bai nhu trén ‘Simplify théng tin bai doc: ° (iar mizaiventure, and also pure serendipity - (@happy accident). © (or example), (nthe cary 18708), © (Tie alton fo bout These problems) (Was the invention of the brilliantly simple yet phenomenally successful Post-It note. ) > cau 1: cdc s4ng kién méi cé thé xuat hién tir ‘error’, ‘misadventure’, va ‘pure serendipity’ - ‘happy accident’. > cu 2: Céng ty 3M cé 2 nhén vién véi 2 van dé khac nhau. > cau 3: gidi phdp clia cd 2 van dé trén > sdng phat minh cia Postel note. >>> main idea: vi dy vé [Post-it note) [a dan chung cho ‘happy accident’ > mét sur tring hgp tot = phi hgp nhat véi happy accient' la luck’ > dap n-E. @ DAP AN & GIAI THICH CAU 40 Paraphrasing Cvestion: With both (ELEWBF NERUBISEEGTGR ons URETAWBPEHER, there may beno clear involved, but merely a |pf665s{6f Variation and selection, ‘So sanh véi cum tir bén cau hdi va bai doc, ta co: ‘the Law of Natural Selection) > exact words roe ur the Law of Effect) > exact words > exact words Giai thich chi tiét '@Ap dyng DOL’s Linearthinking dé tim dap an dung ‘Simplify cia cau héi: With both the Law of Natural Selection and the Law of Effect),there may be no clear involved ), ‘but merely a process of variation and selection. 2 Quy luat |8 mot qué trinh’ n and selection’, khéng c6 lin quan dén 1 cai giré rang ua veo (UBWBFNSHUISEISEHGR va RREEWBFEHREE) ta locate auge information trong bai nhu trén Simplify théng tin bai dgc: Gust like Darwin's Law of Natural Selection ), (Groves en entrely mechanical process of varaon and SEGEIOD, > ging nhu Quy lust A, Quy lut B 18 mét qué trinh_ variation and selection’ - khéng cé bat gi’ end objective’ + without end objective tng véi no clear objective = ‘goals’ trong danh s4ch phii hgp nhat véi ‘objective’ - dap an la B. @