Chapter 1

Introduction to the Study

Chapter one is divided into five parts :( 1) Background

and Theoretical Frame work of the study, (2) Statement of

the problem and Hypotheses, (3) Significance of the study,

(4) Definition of terms, and (5) Delimitation of the study.

Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework the

Study, presents the introduction to the study, discuss the

rationale for choosing the study and its theoretical

framework.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses,

describe the purpose in conducting the study and enumerates

the specific objectives of the research.

Part Three, Significance of the Study, states the

benefits that could be derived from the finding of the

study.

Part Four, Definition of Terms, Lists alphabetically

the research terminologies for purposes of clarity and

understanding. (The terms are defined both conceptually and

operationally.

Part Five, Delimitation of the study, identifies the

coverage of the investigation in terms of purpose,

variables, subjects, research method/design, research

instruments used, statistical tools (descriptive and

inferential) analytical scheme.

Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study

Much is expected, much is required for every STEM

Students. As the saying goes for whoever took STEM that in

this academic strand requires high performance and standard

in both academics and extra-curricular activities. The level

of difficulty of STEM subjects is no joke. People tend to

have high expectations to STEM students. As the status quo

is set however, did anyone actually realized how STEM

students’ coup up and survive the daily struggles of

financial and mental aspects of senior high school

education?

Economic well-being means people have their most basic

survival needs met and have sustainable income and asset so

they can prosper. During and after crises, people maybe

force to make short-term decisions to survive- such as

pulling children out of school to work- that will have long

term negative consequences (International Rescue Committee,

2023). On the other hand, “Mental Health” is a state of

mental well-being that enables people to cope with the

stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and

work well, and contribute to their community. It is an

integral component of health and well-being that underpins

our individual and collective abilities to make decisions,

build relationships and shape the world we live in. Mental

health is a basic human right. And it is crucial to

personal, community and socio-economic development. (Mental

health action plan 2013–2030)

Mental health includes our emotional, psychological,

and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and

act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to

others, and make healthy choices. Mental health is important

at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence

through adulthood. (WHO, 2022)

Well-being is a dynamic concept that includes

subjective, social and psychological dimensions as well as

health-related behaviours. The Ryff Scales by Carol Ryff of

psychological Well-being is a theoretically grounded

instrument that specifically focuses on measuring multiple

facets of psychological well-being; these are self-

acceptance, the establishment of quality ties to other, a

sense of autonomy to manage complex environments to suit

personal needs and values, the pursuit of meaningful goals

and a sense of purpose in life and continued growth and

development as a person.

The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational

theory in psychology that explains the five different levels

of human needs. This theory created by Abraham Maslow is

based on how humans are inspired to satisfy their needs in a

hierarchical order. Starting from the bottom going upwards,

the five needs are physiological, safety, love and

belonging, esteem and self-actualization. The hierarchy goes

from the most basic to the most advanced needs. The ultimate

goal is to reach the highest level of the hierarchy which is

self-actualization (Cyrus wahome, 2022).

More motivation this study is to examine how economic

wellbeing Mental Health and academic performance effect of

STEM students, this study most focus of stem students at

Tanque national high school. The researchers determine the

overall impact of Economic Wellbeing, Mental Health and

Academic Performance of stem students.

 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents graphically the framework of the

study.

Independent Dependent

Socio-Demographic

Profile

Gender

Year level

Order birth

Combined family

income

Religion Academic Performance

of STEM Students

Economic well-being

Mental Health

Figure 1. Economic well-being, Mental

Health and Academic Performance of STEM
Students of Tanque National High School
 Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis

General

Generally, the main focus of the study is to

determine the Economic well-Being, Mental Health and

Academic Performance of STEM Students.

Specific

Specifically, this study is conducted to answer the

following problem:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of Grade 11 and

12 STEM Students in terms of gender, year level, order

birth, religion and combined family income?

2. What is the level of economic well-being and mental

Health of grade 11 and 12 STEM Students?

3. What is the Academic Performance of Grade 11 and 12

STEM students?

4. Are there significant differences to the level of

economic well-being and mental health as a whole and when

the respondents are group according to their socio-

demographic profile such gender, year level, order birth,

combined family, income and religion?

5. Is there significant relationship between Economic

well-being mental Health and Academic Performance of

Grade 11 and 12 STM Students?

 Hypotheses

1. There are no significant differences to the of economic

well-being and Mental Health as a whole and when the

respondents are group according to their socio

demographic profile such as gender, year level, order

birth, combined family income and Religion?

2. There is no significant relationship between Economic

well-being, Mental Health and Academic Performance of

Grade 11 and 12 STEM Students?

Significance of the Study

The results of the study may be beneficial to the

following:

Students. This study will be beneficial to the students

of Tanque National High School. It will help the students

to know how Economic well-being, Mental Health impact

their academic performance.

Parent. This study will be beneficial to the Parents in

gaining more insights and ideas how Economic well-being,

Mental Health impact their academic performance of Stem

Students.
School Administrations. This study will benefit the

school administrations in gaining more insight and ideas

how Economic well-being, Psychological Health impact

their academic performance of Stem Students.

Future Researchers. This study will benefit the future

researchers it will serve as a basis and guide of future

researcher to formulate another research that is related

to study.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of clarity and understanding, the

following terms were defined conceptually and\or

operationally.

Economic well-being. Economic well-being means people

have their most basic survival needs met and have

sustainable income and asset so they can prosper. During

and after crises, people maybe force to make short-term

decisions to survive- such as pulling children out of

school to work- that will have long term- negative

consequences (International Rescue Committee, 2023).

In this study, the research will utilized the given

concept definition also as the operation definition.

Mental health is a state of mental well-being that

enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize

their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute

to their community. It is an integral component of health

and well-being that underpins our individual and

collective abilities to make decisions, build

relationships and shape the world we live in. Mental

health is a basic human right. And it is crucial to

personal, community and socio-economic development

(WHO, 2022).

Mental health includes our emotional, psychological,

and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and

act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate

to others, and make healthy choices.

Academic Performance. Academic performance is the

extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has

attained their short or long-term educational goals and

is measured by continuous assessment or cumulative grade

point average (Tadese, Yeshaneh, mulu, 2022)

In this study, academic performance refers to the

average of grades of grade 11 and 12 STEM students on the

first semester of S.Y 2022-2023.

In this study, Students refers to the senior high

school Science, Technology and engineering Mathematics

(STEM) STUDENTS OF Tanque National High school as the

respondents of the study.

Students. Student is a person of either sex, not

classified as usually economically active, who attends

any regular educational institution at any level of

education (OECD, 2001).

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to determine the Economic Well-being,

Psychological Health and Academic performance of STEM

Students. The descriptive quantitative correlational

research design.

The respondents for this study are the grade 11 and 12

STEM students of Tanque National High School. This study

focused on the Economic well-being, Psychological Health

and Academic performance and socio-demographic profile as

the Independent variables; and Academic performance as

dependent variable.

The data needed for this investigation were gathered

through the use of research instrument: a researches -

made questionnaire named ‘Economic well-being,

Psychological health, and academic performance.

Questionnaire’ of Batay M, Singular, Firma, Batay S

(2023). The questionnaire consists of two (2) parts.

First part are questions on the socio-demographic profile

and the academic performance of the student’s

respondents. Second part consists of various question

about Economic well-being, Psychological Health and

Academic Performance of STEM students.

 To describe and the analysis of data using descriptive

statistics: t-test, f-test or Analysis of variance

(ANOVA), Pearson-r was used with significance level set

at .05 alpha level.

All the statistical computations were processed using

the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)

software.