UNIT 1: Real numbers.

1. Calculate the following logarithms using the definition:

a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 16
8

1
b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 7
16
1
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 7
16

d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔33 3
4
3
e) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3( 9
)
25
f) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 3
5
4
3
g) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3( 3
)

h) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 3
9

1
i) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 16

2. Calculate the value of x in the following equalities:

1
a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥5 = 2

1
b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 36
=− 4
1
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥5 =− 2

5
d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥32 = 2

e) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥4 = 2
1
f) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 125
=− 3

g) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥0'01 =− 2

3. Calculate the value of x in the following equalities:

a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 = 4

b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5𝑥 =− 2
1
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 = 3

d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔15𝑥 =− 1

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 4. Develop the following logarithms by applying the properties of logarithms:
2
3𝑚 𝑝
a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2𝑞

1
b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2𝑥𝑦

𝑚𝑛
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑝
2
𝑥 𝑦
d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
𝑧

5. Knowing that log5 A = 1,8 , log5 B = 2,4, log 2= 0’3 and log 3=0’47, calculate:
3 𝐴
2 c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔0, 002 f) 𝑙𝑜𝑔
4
a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 25·𝐵
3
1024
d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔16
5 𝐴
3 g) 𝑙𝑜𝑔80
b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 2
7 5
2
𝐵 e) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2

6. Reduce the expressions to a single logarithm:

a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 + 3·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 − 2·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
1
b) 2
·(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 3·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)
1
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 3
·(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 3·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧)
5
d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 + 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦

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SOLUTIONS
1.
1 3 −3
a) 2 d) g)
2 4
−4
b) 7 e)
−7
h)
−1
4 2
−2
c) 7 f)
5 i) -4
3

2.
a) X=25 b) x= 6 c) x= 25
1 d) x=4

e) x=2 g) x=10
f) x=5
1
c) x= 25
3.
a) x=16 1
−3 3
4
b) x=
1 d) 𝑥 =2 = 2
25

e) x=1/15

4.

a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑞

b) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔32 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3𝑦
1 1 1
c) 2
·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚 + 2
·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑛 − 2
·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑝
1 1
d) 2·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 2
·𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 − 3
·𝑙𝑜𝑔

5.
a) -0,27 d) 1’2 f) –0’4
b) -1,1 c) –2’7 e) –0’0857 g) 1’9

6.
3 2
𝑎𝑏 3𝑥 𝑥
a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑦
3 𝑥
d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑐 𝑦 2𝑦
𝑥𝑦
b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
𝑦

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