3/10/2024

Chapter V.
Impulse Response and
Transfer Function
of State-Space Systems
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Content

1. Impulse Response and Transfer Function

2. Discrete-Time Case

3. Elementary Realization Theory

4. Equivalent State-Space Systems

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1. Impulse Response and Transfer Function

Causal, linear, time-invariant systems:

‒ Continuous-time LTI system:

Laplace

‒ States:

‒ Output:

Inverse Laplace

where

2. Discrete-Time Case

Causal, linear, discrete-time systems:

‒ Continuous-time LTI system:

Z transform

‒ States:

‒ Output:

Inverse Z tran.

where

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3. Elementary Realization Theory

Definition:

‒ Given a transfer function , a LTI system is a realization of if:

Zero-state equivalence: Two state-space systems are said

to be zero-state equivalent if they realize the same
transfer function.

Realization from Transfer Function:

‒ Decompose matrix: where and

‒ Monic least common denominator of all entries of :

3. Elementary Realization Theory

Realization from Transfer Function:

‒ Controllable canonical form:

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3. Elementary Realization Theory

SISO System:

‒ The strictly proper SISO transfer function:

‒ Controllable canonical form:

3. Elementary Realization Theory

Example 1: Find a state-space realization for the following transfer matrix:

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3. Elementary Realization Theory

Example 1: (answer)

4. Equivalent State-Space Systems

Algebraically Equivalent:

‒ Continuous-time LTI system:

‒ Given a nonsingular matrix T with:

‒ The “same” system: (similarity transformation)

or
with

Two continuous-time or discrete-time LTI systems are called algebraically equivalent if

there exists a nonsingular matrix T.

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4. Equivalent State-Space Systems

Example 2: Consider the system

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4. Equivalent State-Space Systems

Example 2: (answer for (a))

Example 2: (answer for (b))

‒

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4. Equivalent State-Space Systems

Example 3: Show that the following pairs of systems are zero-state equivalent, but not algebraically
equivalent

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The End

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