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PPG 10 - lecture

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Senior High School

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Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Nature of Elections and Political
Parties in the Philippines

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Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 10: Nature of Elections and Political Parties in the Philippines
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Rhoda T. Razon, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Anna Maria G. Mejia
Christian C. Linsangan
Rochelle G. Tuliao
Content Editors: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Reviewers: Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD
Sergio B. Gonzales
John Paul Paje
Language Editor: John Paul Paje
Illustration/ Layout Editor: John Paul Paje
Illustrator: Neil John L. Supan
Layout Artist: Ric Jayson M. Santos
Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Marie Ann C. Ligsay, PhD
Jayne M. Garcia, EdD
Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD
Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD

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Senior High School

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Nature of Elections and Political
Parties in the Philippines

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance –

Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Nature of Elections, and Political Parties in
the Philippines
This module was collaboratively designed, developed
and reviewed by educators both from public and
private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module introduces you the basic

concepts and nature of election and political
parties in the Philippines. At the end of the
module, you will be able to realize the
important role of political parties and election
in the analysis of electoral system in the
country, specifically the way how political
parties and elections are used to measure the
unification of a society’s democracy.

The module has one lesson, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Nature of Elections and Political Parties in the Philippines

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines.

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What I Know

I. TRUE OR FALSE. The following are statements about nature of elections and
political parties in the Philippines. On your answer sheet, write TRUE if the
sentence is correct, write FALSE otherwise.

1. Suffrage is universal at age eighteen.

2. The current electoral system was established under the 1987 constitution.
3. Commission on Audit is responsible for running the elections.
4. Political parties are required to have chapters in a majority of regions, and
within each region, a majority of provinces, down to towns and barangays.
5. Voters make a choice in accordance with the policies and programs presented
by every political party during elections.
II. IDENTIFICATION. Find the word/s from the box that fit the descriptions given.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Suffrage Initiative
Referendum Recall
Plebiscite Election
One-party system Political Party
Multiparty system COMELEC

1. It is a form of government where the country is ruled by a single political party.

2. It is a formal decision-making process by which the citizens of the country
vote and select certain officials to hold public office.
3. This commission is empowered to supervise every aspect of campaigns and
elections in the country.
4. It is defined as an organized and presumably durable association, either of
individuals or of distinguishable groups of individuals, which endeavors to
place its members in governmental offices for the purpose of bringing about
the adoption of favored political policies or programs.
5. It is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political
spectrum run for national election.
6. It is the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the election of
certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of
public questions submitted to the people.
7. It is the name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice for or against
a proposed law or enactment submitted to them.

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8. It is the submission of a law or part thereof passed by the national or local
legislative body to the voting citizens of a country for their ratification or
rejection.
9. It is the process whereby the people directly propose and enact laws.
10. It is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his
tenure or before the expiration of his term by a vote of the people after
registration of a petition signed by a required percentage of the qualified
voters.

Lesson Nature of Elections and

Political Parties in the
1 Philippines

What’s In

You learned in Module 9 the roles and functions of Local Government Unit (LGU).
Remember, LGUs provide the connections between the government and its people
and plays a significant role in the development of one community. Aside from this, it
is also responsible in addressing its community’s problems and concerns, promoting
peace and order and enforce policies over its communities.

What’s New

This part of election advocacy song was sung by Pinoy musicians. What message
do you think the song wants to imply about the electoral system in the Philippines?
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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Sana Naman, Taumbayan
Music: Louie Ocampo
Lyrics: Joey Ayala
Recorded by: Taumbayan

Panahon na ng pagpili
Panahon na ng halalan

Madami namang kandidato

Madaming mukha at pangalan

Sino kaya
Ang bagay sa’ting bansa
Di lamang porma’t salita,
Sino o sino kaya

At sana kahit na sino’ng manalo

Pagkatapos ng bilangan
Sana naman ang panalo ay
Taumbayan

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What is It

As posted on the Official Gazette webpage of the Constitution of the Republic of

the Philippines posted on July 15, 2020 Article V-Suffrage Section 1 states that:

Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise

disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided
in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein they propose to vote
for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or
other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage.

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Meaning of Suffrage
Suffrage is the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the election of
certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of public
questions submitted to the people.

Nature of Suffrage
(1) A mere privilege – Suffrage is not a natural right of the citizens but merely a
privilege to be given or withheld by the law-making power subject to
constitutional limitations.
(2) A political right – Suffrage enables every citizen to participate in the process
of government to assure that it can truly be said to derive its powers from the
consent of the governed. The principle is that of one man, one vote.

Scope of Suffrage
Suffrage includes:
1. Election – It is the means by
which the people choose their
officials for definite and fixed periods
and to whom they entrust, for the
time being as their representatives,
the exercise of powers of government.

2. Plebiscite – It is the name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice
for or against a proposed law or enactment submitted to them. In the
Philippines., the term is applied to an election at which any proposed
amendment to, or revision of, the Constitution is submitted to the people for
their ratification. Plebiscite is likewise required by the Constitution to secure
the approval of the people directly affected before certain proposed changes
affecting local government units may be implemented.

3. Referendum – It is the submission of a law or part thereof passed by the

national or local legislative body to the voting citizens of a country for their
ratification or rejection.

4. Initiative – It is the process whereby the people directly propose and enact
laws.

5. Recall – It is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office

during his tenure or before the expiration of his term by a vote of the people
after registration of a petition signed by a required percentage of the qualified
voters.

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Qualifications of voters
He must be:
1. A citizen (male or female) of the Philippines;
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law;
3. At least eighteen (18) years of age; and
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place
wherein he proposes to vote for at least six (6) months preceding the election.
It is also stated in the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines –
Article IX –C the establishments of Commission on Elections (COMELEC. In Section
2 discusses the powers and functions of COMELEC:
(1) Enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of an
election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall.
(2) Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over all contests relating to the
elections, returns, and qualifications of all elective regional, provincial, and
city officials, and appellate jurisdiction over all contests involving elective
municipal officials decided by trial courts of general jurisdiction, or involving
elective barangay officials decided by trial courts of limited jurisdiction.
Decisions, final orders, or rulings of the Commission on election contests
involving elective municipal and barangay offices shall be final, executory, and not
appealable.

Meaning of Political Party

As stated by Marume et al (2016), a political
party is defined as an organized and
presumably durable association, either of
individuals or of distinguishable groups of
individuals, which endeavours to place its
members in governmental offices for the
purpose of bringing about the adoption of
favoured political policies or programmes. Of all
the characteristics of parties, the one which
distinguishes them from all other associations evincing a substantial interest in
public affairs is their effort to secure the election or the appointment of their own
personnel to the public positions through which the policies of government are
prescribed for implementation.

Characteristics of a Political Party

One of the primary characteristics of a political party is its objective to control
the exercise of governmental powers by placing its own members in the public offices
through which the policies of government are determined. A second characteristic
of a political party is its intention to use governmental powers for purposes which
meet with the general approval of its leaders and the rank and file of its membership.

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Types of Electoral System
1. One-party system - An open system of the one-party variety exists in those
jurisdictions in which a particular party is so much stronger than any of its
nominal competitors that it almost invariably is successful in winning control
of the government. Example: North Korea, China
2. Bi or two-party system - The earmark of a two-party system is their existence
of two major parties which are so strongly supported that one or the other
ordinarily emerges as the victor in elections and consequently gains mastery
of the government. Although one of these parties may win a series of victories,
its chief competitors always is the running and sooner or later manages to
defeat its opponent. Example: In the US – Republican vs Democrats

3. Multiparty system - Multiple-party systems are featured by the presence of

a fairly large number of parties with compete with one another on relatively
equal terms. Several parties may be considerably in comparison with their
minor competitors, but they lack the strength of the major parties under a
genuine two-party system. None of them is regularly able to muster sufficient
voting strength to capture control of government. Example: Philippines, Spain,
Sweden, Taiwan, Indonesia, South Korea

There are several political parties that stand for the election in the country.
The Nacionalista Party, the Liberal Party, the Lakas-CMD, the PDP-LABAN,
the Nationalist People's Coalition, the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino,
the Akbayan and the Philippine Democratic Socialist Party are the parties with
largest membership in Congress.

Political Parties are required to register with the COMELEC with a verified petition
with attachments including a constitution, by-laws, platform, and such other
information as may be required by the COMELEC. They are required to have chapters
in a majority of regions, and within each region, a majority of provinces, down to
towns and barangays.

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What’s More

ACTIVITY 1
Give the important concepts of the following images in relation to the nature of
election and political parties in the Philippines. Write your answer on a separate
answer sheet.

Images Important Concepts

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What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How does the current automated electoral system in the Philippines facilitate
the conduct of credible elections? Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

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2. What is Political Party? How Political Parties does affects the election in the
Philippines?

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What I Can Do

If you will be given a chance to join a certain political party in the next coming election
which political party you would like to be associated with? If there would be a change
in the Philippine Electoral System based on the present rule, what could be that rule
that you would like to change. Write a short essay about it and provide an answer
sheet for it. Your essay will be checked using the criteria below.

Content - 15 points

Structure, Logic and Transition - 15 points

Vocabulary/Word Choice - 10 points

Grammatical Accuracy - 5 points

Punctuation, Spelling and Presentation - 5 points

TOTAL - 50 points

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Assessment

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a formal decision-making process by which the citizens of the country

vote and select certain officials to hold public office.
a. Amendment c. Plebiscite
b. Election d. Suffrage

2. The existing electoral system in the Philippines was established under

what Constitution?
a. Constitution 1935 c. Constitution 1973
b. Constitution 1943 d. Constitution 1987

3. This commission is empowered to supervise every aspect of campaigns and

elections in the country.
a. COMELEC c. NAMFREL
b. Congress d. Senate

4. The following countries are example of multipart system except one, which
is this?
a. Indonesia c. South Korea
b. North Korea d. Sweden

5. These people come together to contest elections in order to hold power in

the government.
a. Political Ideologies c. Political Party
b. Political System d. Political Science

6. The following are the qualifications of voters in the country EXCEPT one,
which is this?
a. A citizen (male or female) of the Philippines
b. Not otherwise disqualified by law
c. At least eighteen (18) years of age
d. Have resided in the Philippines for at least three (3) months and in the
place wherein he proposes to vote for at least two (2) months preceding
the election.

7. It is the name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice for or
against a proposed law or enactment submitted to them.
a. Plebiscite c. Recall
b. Referendum d. Initiative

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8. It is a political system in which are featured by the presence of a fairly large
number of parties with compete with one another on relatively equal terms.
a. Double Party System c. Multiparty System
b. Electoral System d. One-Party System

9. It is a form of government where the country is ruled by a single political

party.
a. Double Party System c. Multiparty System
b. Electoral System d. One-Party System

10. What article of the constitution is related to the right of every Filipino to
vote?
a. Article III c. Article V
b. Article IV d. Article VI

II. JUMBLED LETTERS. Arrange the jumbled letters to reveal the hidden words.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

1. It is the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in

the election of certain national and local officers of the
ESUFGFRA
government and in the decision of public questions
submitted to the people.
2. It is a formal decision-making process by which the
OCELETIN citizens of the country vote and select certain officials to
hold public office.
3. It is the process whereby the people directly propose and
REDFEMRENU
enact laws.
4. It is the submission of a law or part thereof passed by the
VINITIEATI national or local legislative body to the voting citizens of
a country for their ratification or rejection.
5. It is a method by which a public officer may be removed
from office during his tenure or before the expiration of his
CAELLR
term by a vote of the people after registration of a petition
signed by a required percentage of the qualified voters.

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Additional Activities

Write a reflection paper on how electoral system in the Philippines pertains to the set
of rules that are applied to govern the conduct of elections. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

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14
Assessment
Test I
What I Know 1. B
2. D
Test I 3. A
1. True 4. B
2. True 5. C
3. False 6. D
4. True 7. A
5. False 8. C
9. D
Test II 10. C
1. One-Party System
2. Election
3. COMELEC Test II
4. Political Parties
1.Suffrage
5. Multiparty System
6. Suffrage 2. Election
7. Plebiscite
8. Referendum 3.Referendum
9. Initiative
4. Initiative
10. Recall
5. Recall
Answer Key
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References
n.d. https://www.google.com/search?q=symbols+related+to+election+in+the+
Philippines
n.d. https://www.google.com/search?q=symbols+related+to+political++parties+
in+the+Philippines.

n.d. Accessed August 10, 2020.

https://www.google.com/search?q=image+of+political+parties+in+the+Philip
pines .

n.d. Article IX – Constitutional Commissions.

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-
the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines-article-ix/.
n.d. Article V- Suffrage. Accessed July 15, 2020.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/.

Marume, Dr. S. B. M., Chikasha, Dr. A. S., Ndudzo, Prof. D.. 2016. Political Parties.
http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/vol13-issue4/Version-
7/S130407140152.pdf.

n.d. Sana Naman Taumbayan Lyrics. Accessed September 10, 2020.

https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/14-opm-singers-of-sana-naman-
taumbayan-revealed-in-music-video/.

Fifth Republic. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.philippine-

history.org/philippines-5th-republic.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region III- Learning Resources

Management Section (DepEd Region III-LRMS)
Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center
Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)

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